Afelandra (Aphelandra), ko Afelandra, tsire-tsire ne na fure na dangin Acanthus. A yanayi, ana iya samun wannan al'ada a yankuna na Amurka na wurare masu zafi. Sunan irin wannan tsiron ya samo asali ne daga wata tushen tushen harshen helenanci, ma'anar wacce take “mutum ne mai sauki”, tunda irin wannan fure yana da uwa maraba. Wannan nau'in halittar ya haɗu game da nau'ikan 200, wasu daga cikinsu ana shuka su a gida.
Fasalin Afelandra
A cikin yanayin daji, ƙwaƙwalwar daji shine tsiro mai tsiro mai ban tsoro ko tsintsiya madaurinki, tsayinsa ya kai santimita 200, amma a al'adar daki basu wuce 70 santimita ba. Abubuwan da ke cikin manyan faranti masu launin duhu masu launin ƙwaya ne mai laushi ko laushi, faffadar tsakiya da ta gefen ta, suna da tsami, farin ko launi mai launi. A diamita, furanni sun kai 20 mm, suna da babban katako na ganye mai ganye, wani lokaci suna da launi mai kyau kuma suna cikin ɓangaren ƙarshe inflorescences na ƙyalli mai kama da fasalin-pineal, kuma suna da layu biyu mai haske - ja, lemo, lilac ko rawaya. Babban lebe na furanni yatuna biyu, kuma ƙananan yatsu biyu. Irin wannan fure na cikin gida yana da mahimmanci ba wai kawai a cikin hakan yana da kyawawan furanni da kuma dogon fure ba, har ma yana da manyan faranti kyawawan ganye.
Afelandra kulawa a gida
Homelandasar haihuwar landeran ta'addanci shine tsiro tsibi dangane da wannan, saboda su haɓaka kuma haɓaka, yana da mahimmanci cewa yanayin da aka halitta yana da kusanci. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a san yadda ake kulawa da irin wannan shuka yadda yakamata.
Wannan fure yana buƙatar kyakkyawan haske. A cikin hunturu, dole ne a sanya shi a kan windowsill na hangen nesa na kudu, yayin bazara, lokacin da haskoki na rana sun yi ƙona, shuka yana buƙatar launi mai launi da haske. A lokacin rani, ana iya juyar da shuka zuwa titin, amma a wannan yanayin akwai buƙatar samun amintaccen kariya daga iska ta iska, haskoki kai tsaye na rana da hazo.
Wannan fure shine thermophilic kuma yana girma sosai a zazzabi na ɗakin talakawa (daga digiri 20 zuwa 25). A cikin hunturu, wannan al'ada tana da kyau a cikin sanyin sanyi, amma zafin jiki kada ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri 16. Wannan ciyayi ana nuna shi da saurin ci gaba kuma a tsawon lokaci, ƙananan fararen faransa sun mutu sai daji ya zama mara kyau.
Don yin daji thicker, tsare sosai da tukwici da mai tushe. A cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Fabrairu, an girke bushes na fure kafin farkon sabuwar kakar, yayin da hemp kawai ya kamata ya kasance daga mai tushe, tsawo wanda ya kamata ya zama kimanin 0.3 m. Don irin wannan shuka don murmurewa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan an datsa, dole ne a sarrafa shi da hankali daga mai sprayer.
Yadda ake ruwa
Ana bambance irin wannan al'adar ta yanayin ƙaunarsa; a wannan batun, cakuda ƙasa a cikin tanki ya kamata ya zama mai laushi koyaushe. Amma ba za ku iya sosai sau da yawa kuma ƙwarai over-rigar da shi. Don ban ruwa ya wajaba don amfani da narkewa, Boiled, tace ko ruwan sha mai ruwa mai kyau.
Tsoron gida, kamar sauran wakilan gandun daji, na buƙatar iskancin iska. Don iska a cikin dakin yana da buƙatar laima, zaku iya amfani da kayan hura wutar lantarki. Koyaya, zaka iya sanyaya iska a cikin daki ta atomatik ko kuma an ɗora kwandon a kan akwatina mai cike da daskararren yumɓu mai ƙyalƙyali ko ƙwaƙwalwa.
Manyan miya
Irin wannan amfanin gona yana buƙatar takin zamani mai mahimmanci. A bushes fara ciyar a cikin bazara, kuma ƙare lokacin da suka Bloom. Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da takaddun ma'adinai mai ma'ana wanda aka tsara don tsire-tsire na gida na fure. Ya kamata a ciyar da Bushes sau 2 ko sau 3 cikin makonni 4. A cikin hunturu, wannan fure baya buƙatar hadi.
Juyawa
Lokacin bunkasa wannan shuka a cikin yanayin ɗakin, dole ne a sarrafa shi da tsari. A cikin bazara, ya kamata a dasa kananan bushes ta hanyar canzawa zuwa sabon tukunya. Bushesan daji da yawa suna buƙatar dasawa sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 3 ko 4.
Da farko, an zuba magudanar ruwa a gindin tukunyar, ya kamata ya mamaye 1/3 na girman tanki. Abun da yakamata ya dace da dasawa: peat, ƙasa da yashi (1: 1: 1), ƙaramin gawayi da kayan kwakwa ya kamata a zuba a ciki.
Gudun ruwa
Furen a cikin dakin aphelandria wani lokaci yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci: daga bazara zuwa makonni na farko na hunturu. Duk nau'ikan da nau'in shuka, har ma da yanayin tsarewa, suna shafar tsawon lokacin fure. Matsakaicin lokacin fure shine kimanin sati 8. Wajibi ne a datse duk abubuwanda suka fara lalacewa. Don fure ya zama lush kuma m na shekara mai zuwa, daji zai buƙaci lokacin hutu na dangi: domin wannan, an canja tukunyar zuwa wuri mai kyau mai kyau, dole ne a rage ruwa, kuma kada a ciyar da daji a wannan lokacin.
Farfad da farfadowar
Don ƙirƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar cikin gida, ana amfani da tsaba, har ma da hanyar ciyayi: ganye ko itace apical.
Tsarin iri
Ana yin shuka iri ne a watan Fabrairu ko Maris. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da cakuda ƙasa, wanda ya haɗa da yashi da filayen takarda (4: 1). Don seedlings ya bayyana kuma ya haɓaka da sauri, amfanin gona yana buƙatar zafi (daga digiri 20 zuwa 22). Domin hanzarta wannan tsari, zaku iya amfani da karamin-greenhouse tare da dumama ƙasa. Lokacin da seedlings yayi girma, suna buƙatar a tsoma su cikin cakuda ƙasa, wanda ya haɗa da yashi, ganye da ciyawar ƙasa. Idan an kula da tsire-tsire sosai, to, asalinsu na iya farawa a farkon farkon girma.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Don yankan yankan, ana amfani da matattara mai shekara daya tare da faranti na ganye, tsawon sa yana daga santimita 10 zuwa 15. Kuna buƙatar yin wannan a cikin Maris-Mayu ko a Disamba-Janairu. Don tushen da sauri, ana bi da ƙananan sassan tare da duk wani shiri wanda ke ƙarfafa ci gaban tushe, alal misali: Heteroauxin, Kornevin, succinic acid, da dai sauransu. Ya kamata a dasa katako a cikin ƙwaya mai ƙyalli tare da ƙananan dumama, ya kamata a rufe shi da madaidaiciyar hula. Tushen kayan itace ya kamata ya faru a cikin zafi (daga 20 zuwa digiri 25), yayin da dole ne a tsara su cikin iska tare da sanyaya ƙasa tare da sprayer. Tsawon lokacin dasa ƙwayoyin gangar jikin itace makonni 6-8, kuma apical - makonni 2-4. Dole ne a dasa tushen daskararru a cikin tukwane, a ƙasan wanda ya kamata a yi magudanar ruwa, kuma cakuda ƙasa ya ƙunshi yashi, peat, humus da ƙasa mai ganye (1: 2: 2: 2). Afelandra sai ya girma a yanayi iri ɗaya kamar na manya misalai.
Idan akwai irin wannan buƙatar, to, a cikin kaka ko hunturu, kuna buƙatar yanke farantin ingantaccen da samari na ganye tare da toho na axillary. An bada shawara don yanke ganye daga waɗannan harbe waɗanda ba su yi fure ba. Tushen tushen dole ne ya kasance a cikin abin da ke kunshe da peat da yashi, yayin da suke saman suna buƙatar rufe su da m hula. Don samun nasarar ci nasara, ana buƙatar samar da ganyen tare da zazzabi na 20 zuwa 25, dole ne a fyaɗa su, kuma cakuda ƙasa dole ne a sanyaya a cikin wani lokaci mai zuwa.
Tun da bushes zama elongated kamar yadda suke girma da ƙananan ganye faranti tashi a kusa da su, domin mayar da adorativeness zuwa tsohon samfurori, ana bada shawara don amfani da hanyar cuttings.
Cututtuka da cututtuka na kwarilander
Afelandra yana da tsayayya sosai ga cututtuka daban-daban, amma a wasu lokuta yana iya haifar da matsaloli.
A daji, tukwanen fararen ganye na iya bushewaWannan yakan faru ne saboda yawan zafin jiki mai zafi sosai da ƙarancin iska. Domin furen ya dawo al'ada, kana buƙatar shafawa iska a kai a kai daga mai toka ko tukunyar tare da tsiran za a iya sanya shi a jikin wando wanda aka cika shi da pebbles rigar.
Jinkirta lokaci na iya faruwa saboda rashin kyawun haske ko kuma saboda ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin cakuda ƙasa. Don takin fure, yakamata a yi amfani da takin gargajiya, bayan wannan an sake shirya shi a wuri mai kyau. Idan ya cancanta, to daji yana buƙatar samar da ƙarin hasken wutan lantarki.
A wasu halaye, za su iya tashi a kusa da fararen ganye. Wannan na iya faruwa saboda gaskiyar cewa ban ruwa ba tsari bane, amma cakuda ƙasa a cikin tanki koyaushe yakan bushe. Hakanan, ganyen ganye na iya farawa idan aka shayar da daji tare da ruwan sanyi ko hasken rana kai tsaye ya sauka akan su. Amma ga tsofaffin lokatai ana daukar wannan tsari al'ada.
Idan akwai tsayayyen yanayin danshi a cikin ƙasasannan bushes na iya shafawa ta wurin rubin ganye. Ya kamata a yanke wuraren da ya shafa tare da kayan aiki mai kaifi, kuma yana da mahimmanci don kama nama mai lafiya. Sa'an nan kuma, ana yin magani na foliage tare da bayani na shirye-shiryen fungicidal.
Babban haɗari ga irin wannan al'ada shine almara na kwance, daji shine mafi yawanci ana shafawa saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙasa tana kamuwa da naman gwari. Sakamakon haɓakar irin wannan cutar, ana lura da lalacewar tasoshin da ke tsiro, yayin da ba za a iya warke daga tsire-tsire na masu cutar ba. Don dalilai na rigakafin, ya kamata a cakuda cakuda ƙasa don amfani dasa.
Cututtuka masu cutarwa da yadda ake mu'amala dasu
Mafi sau da yawa, sikelin kwari ko aphids suna zaune a kan dakin da baƙon. Wadannan kwari masu cutarwa suna tsotsewa, suna tsotse ruwan tsoka daga yara mai tushe da ganye. Idan babu 'yan kwari a jikin daji, to domin a kawar dasu, ya kamata a wanke shuka a cikin wankin ta hanyar amfani da sabulu, kuma dole ne a kiyaye saman abin da ya dace da ruwa mai datti. Idan sikelin kwari sun zauna akan daji, to lallai ne a cire su daga ciyawar a gaban wankin, ta amfani da swab, wanda aka riga an shaka shi da giya ko kuma maganin sabulu. Koyaya, idan akwai kwari da yawa masu cutarwa akan daji, to lallai akwai buƙatar a magance shi da maganin shirye-shiryen fungicidal (Fitoverm ko Aktellik), kuma ana iya buƙatar spraying da yawa.
Iri da nau'o'in tsorolander
Golden Afelandra (Aphelandra aurantiaca), ko orange
Wannan bishiyar da ba'a taba yin irinta ba tana da kwari mai kauri da kauri mai kalar hasken ja, yayin da bayan wani lokaci sai suyi kwanciya. Farar takarda mai launi iri-iri a kwance ana fentin surar launin shuɗi-kore, tsayin su yakai santimita 25, siffarsu kyakkyawa ce mai ƙyalli, akwai aya a dandalin. Tsawan tsinkayen mara nauyi kusan santimita 15; sun kunshi furanni masu launuka masu launuka masu launuka masu launin shuɗi da kore. Mafi sau da yawa, a gida, suna girma da yawa irin su Retzel Afelander: wani daji mai manyan faranti na launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, tsinkaye na inflorescences shine kusan santimita 15, kuma ana fentin furanni a orange-ja. Wannan fure yana ba da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau, dangane da wannan, galibi ana amfani da tsaba ne domin haifuwarta.
Aphelandra squarrosa ko Aphelandra squarrosa
Wannan bishiyar kuma itace tsintsiya madaurinki daya. A fleshy, danda mai tushe ne kodadde ja. Tsawon farantin ganye na sessile yakai kimanin 0.3 m; suna da launi mai motley da sifar elliptical-oval. Fuskokin gaban ganyayyaki suna da haske, wanda a jikin sa ake bayyana launin shuɗɗun launuka masu haske, waɗanda ke haifar da abin da ya shafi fitilar duhu. Surfaceasan da ke ƙasa na ganye yana da launi mai laushi. Tsawon apical tetrahedral inflorescences ne karu-dimbin yawa game da 0.3 m, da furanni na bushes ne tubular biyu lipped. Furanni masu launin shuɗi suna kallon m da bangon da keɓaɓɓun lemuka na fararenn filayen ganye. Yankin daji ya fara daga makonni na farko zuwa Nuwamba. Wadannan nau'ikan suna da mashahuri tare da masu girbi fure:
- Louis. Yankakken zangon ya zama ja ja. Tsawon faranti na ganye kusa da santimita 22; veins na kore-azurfa ko rawaya a bayyane suke a bayyane. Furanni masu launin furanni ne, yayin da takalmin duhu masu launin ruwan hoda suna da jijiya mara nauyi.
- Leopold. Ana fentin inflorescences a cikin launi mai zurfi na orange.
- Kasar Denmark. Launi na inflorescences rawaya ne. Akwai wasu koraye masu launin shudi-kore a farfajiyar ruwan ganye mai duhu.
