Wani sabon kabeji mai ban sha'awa kuma mai ban sha'awa, buƙatun da ke ƙaruwa kowace shekara, shine Kale. Wannan kabeji yana da wasu sunaye - curly kabeji, kabeji na Grunkol, kabeji na Brunkol, kabeji Braunkol - Brassica oleracea var. sabellica. Kale shine nau'ikan sanannun kabeji kuma yana cikin dangin Cruciferous.
Ganyen kabeji na daban daban iri.
Ana ɗaukar ganyen kabeji mai ganye a matsayin ganye domin ba ya samar da babban irin kabeji. Ganyen kabeji suna kama da letas, kawai wavy kuma ana iya fentin su cikin shuɗi, ja, kore har ma da launuka masu launin shuɗi. Botanists sau da yawa suna kwatanta Kale tare da kabeji na daji, amma ba a kafa asalinsa na asali ba, kodayake akwai tabbatacciyar shaidar da ke nuna cewa Kale ya riga ya yaɗu a cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya.
Gaskiya ne aka fara rarraba kabeji na Kale kawai a cikin karni na 19, a kusa da wannan lokacin kabeji yazo kasar mu, amma daga baya bai sami rarraba sosai ba, kuma bayan karni daya kawai suka zama masu sha'awar mu. Koyaya, har zuwa yau ba mu da filayen masana'antu na gaske, waɗanda ba za a iya faɗi ba game da ƙasashe kamar Holland, Japan da Turkiya, inda wannan kabeji ke cinyewa kamar abinci.
A yau za mu yi kokarin gaya dalla-dalla game da fasahar aikin gona ta wannan kabeji, a yi magana game da kaddarorin masu amfani da kuma jera nau'ikan da yawa na kowa.
Hanyar girma kabeji
Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka biyu don girma kabeji na Kale - ta hanyar shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa kuma ta hanyar shuka.
1. Namoranin kabejin Kale a bude yake
Ana amfani da hanyar farko sau da yawa sau da yawa, saboda kabeji na Kale ba ya haƙuri da dasawa, amma wannan hanyar ana yarda da ita a yankuna na kudanci kawai. An shuka tsaba a mafi yawan lokuta a farkon Mayu, jefa su cikin ƙasa don santimita 1-2.
2. Girma irin kabeji ta hanyar shuka
A cikin yankuna masu sanyaya, kabejin Kale zai fi girma ta hanyar seedlings, kuma don kada ya watsa shi kuma ya nutse, yana da kyau a shuka iri a kai tsaye a cikin ƙwayoyin peat. Ba da jinkirin ci gaban Kale kabeji a farkon matakin, da tsaba ya kamata a shuka a cikin kofuna waɗanda kamar 45-50 kwanaki kafin dasa a cikin ƙasa, kuma da aka ba mafi kyau duka lokacin dasa a cikin gadaje - farkon zuwa tsakiyar May - da tsaba ya kamata a shuka ga seedlings a ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu.
Idan kun tabbata game da ingancin ƙwayar feces, zaku iya shuka su guda ɗaya a kowane kofin, idan kun yi shakka game da haɓarsu, ya fi kyau ku shuka biyu ko ma uku, sannan kuma ku cire ƙananan rauni ko kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin watsa su cikin wasu tabarau idan seedlings za su ci gaba daidai.
Don haɓaka zuriyar germination da germination Friendness, kafin shuka a cikin ƙasa ya kamata su kasance (game da kwata na awa daya) sanya shi a cikin ruwa mai tsanani zuwa digiri 40, sannan a tsoma shi a cikin ruwan sanyi na minti goma. Bayan wannan, dole ne a sanya naman kalar kabeji a cikin wani yanki mai ɗumi na gauze da hagu don couplean kwanaki biyu, adana masana'anta mai laushi. A wannan lokacin, iri zai iya naklyuyutsya sannan ya halatta a shuka a cikin ƙasa.
Da yake magana game da ƙasa: mafi kyawun shuka iri shine cakuda ƙasa mai yashi, yashi kogin humus. A wannan yanayin, wani sashi na humus da ƙasa mai gona yana buƙatar sassa biyar na yashi. Idan akwai shakku game da amincin ƙasa, to, ana iya maganin cakuda mai hade da ruwan zãfi ko ruwan a cikin tanda a zazzabi na 70-80, na rabin sa'a.
Shuka da tsaba na kabeji Kale a cikin ƙasa ana aiwatar da shi a cikin ramuka da aka riga aka yi da kuma sanyaya mai ban sha'awa game da ɗaya da rabi santimita zurfi tare da nisan 2-3 cm tsakanin su lokacin shuka a cikin tukwane na peat, da 4-5 cm lokacin shuka a cikin kwalaye. Bayan sanya tsaba a cikin ramuka, dole ne a yayyafa shi da ƙasa sabo da ɗan ɗanɗano danƙa. Na gaba, kuna buƙatar rufe kwantena tare da tsaba tare da fim ɗin jingina (idan kofuna ne, zaku iya sanya su a cikin akwati tare da manyan tarnaƙi), da kuma kula da danshi na ƙasa a matakin da ya dace (ba tare da daskarewa ba kuma bushe-bushe shi), saka idanu kan fitowar ƙasa a farfajiya. Da zaran sun bayyana, fim ɗin yana buƙatar cire shi.
Da zaran harbe kabeji ya bayyana, ya kamata a saka akwatin ko kofunawan a kan windowsill na kudu kuma zazzabi a cikin ɗakin ya kasance da digiri 22-23 Celsius. Seedlings na bukatar sa'o'i takwas na haske, ƙasa mai matsakaici, daskararren iska (amma ba tare da daftarin aiki ba!) Kuma kwance madaidaicin ƙasa na ƙasa don hana samuwar ɓawon ƙasa.
Seedlings na Kale kabeji.
A lokacin da wani irin abincin tsami kale seedlings
Yana da kyau kada a zaba, kamar yadda muka nuna a sama, amma a shuka iri a cikin kuran peat ko kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, amma, idan za'ayi shuka a cikin akwatuna ko wasu kwantena, to sai a ɗauki tumatir lokacin da forma forman suka samar da wata ganye na gaske, kuma dole ne a yi wannan da dunƙule na ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci, suna amfani da shayi don ɗaukar hoto, suna ɗaukar kabeji tare da dunƙule na ƙasa, bayan sun sanyaya ƙasa, kuma sun watsa shi cikin kwantena daban, a cikin tsummoki a cikin ƙasa wanda aka shirya a gaba don dasa.
A lokacin da zuwa dashi Kale kabeji zuwa m wuri
Ya kamata a aiwatar da daskarewa zuwa cikin ƙasa ko ciyawar shinkafa yayin da seedlings suka samar da nau'i biyu na ganye na ainihi kuma suna buɗewa don santimita 9 - 9, yawanci wannan yana faruwa bayan kwanaki 45-50, kamar yadda muka tattauna a sama.
Saukowa a cikin wurin dindindin ya kamata a aiwatar da farkon zuwa tsakiyar Mayu (dangane da yanayin) da kuma sanya shi a cikin ramuka wanda ya isa ya sanya dunƙule na duniya tare da tushen ko peat a cikin ramuka, tare da nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire na kusan 35 cm kuma tsakanin layuka - rabin mita. Lokacin dasa shuki na kabeji Kale a cikin ramuka, yana da kyau a ƙara 50-100 g na ash na itace da humus mai yawa, haɗa ƙasa sosai da danshi. A cikin ƙasa, ana buƙatar zurfafa seedlings zuwa ganyen farko na gaskiya, bayan wannan ya kamata a haɗa ƙasa, a matse tare da yatsunsu kuma a shayar (lita 0.3-0.5 a ƙarƙashin shuka).
Mafi kyawun wurin don girma Kale
Wajibi ne wurin da ya cika gari, bashi da inuwa. A wuri guda, ana iya girma wannan kabeji na yanayi uku a jere, kuma idan a cikin kaka, lokacin da ka sare kara, ka bar shi 2-3 cm daga shi yayi girma a cikin ƙasa, sannan a kakar mai zuwa, idan ɓangaren hagu na shuka ya cika, yana yiwuwa a sami farkon girbin wannan kabeji.
Amma game da magabata, mafi kyawun dukkansu al'adun gargajiya ne, da kabewa kuma, ba shakka, kayan gargajiyance, amma magabata marasa kyau, hakika, gicciye ne.
Kale kabeji ƙasa bukatun
Dankin yana da matukar buƙata a kan ƙasa, lallai ne ya sami isasshen haihuwa, dole ya zama yumɓu ko yashi - a kan irin wannan ƙasa ba zai yiwu ma a sami amfanin gona na yau da kullun ba. A kasar gona ya zama iska-da ruwa-permeable, saboda Kale kabeji ba ya yarda stagnation na ruwa, musamman a yankin inda tushen located, a lõkacin da tushen iya rot. Pasa pH ya kamata ya kasance a raka'a 6-7.
Soilasa don dasa shuki na kabeji na Kale, har ma da shuka iri, dole ne a shirya a cikin kaka, domin wannan ya zama dole don tono shi a kan wani cikakken teyo na shebur, ƙoƙarin cire duk ciyawa. A cikin bazara, da zaran kasar ta shirya don aiki tare da ita, dole ne a wadatar da ƙasa tare da humus da nitroammophos. Humus yana buƙatar kusan kilogram a kowace murabba'in mitir na ƙasa, kuma nitroammophoski - tablespoon a cikin yanki ɗaya (yana yin tono).
'Ya'yan itacen kabeji Kale da aka dasa a ƙasa.
Kula Kabeji
Kulawa ba bambanci bane, kabeji yana buƙatar shayarwa, cire ciyawa, kwance ƙasa, shinge, haka kuma kariya daga kwari, cututtuka da kuma kayan miya. Lokacin da kabeji ya kai tsayin 22-26 cm, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar rufe shi, kuma lokacin da ganye ya raunana ya bayyana, cire su ta hanyar jan waɗanda suka raunana. Wannan kabeji yana amsa da kyau ga mulching ƙasa ƙasa tare da humus, wani yanki na 1-1.5 cm.
Yadda za a Kale Kale?
Kabeji na Kale ba ya yarda da bushewa daga ƙasa, amma kuma yana tsoron overmoistening ƙasa, saboda haka ya fi kyau a sha shi sau da yawa, amma tare da karamin ruwa, yana mai da hankali kan yanayin da kuma kula da ƙasa a cikin yanayin daɗaɗa. Kafin ruwa, yana da kyawawa don aiwatar da weeding da loosening na ƙasa, kuma bayan watering - don ciyawa ƙasa ƙasa tare da humus.
Yadda ake ciyar da kabeji Kale?
Ana iya yin ciyar da kowane kwanaki 20-25. A karo na farko, za'a iya ciyar da kabeji Kale a lokacin bunkasar ganye mai aiki, a wannan lokacin mafi kyawun takin shine ingantaccen ciyayi. Don samun takin mai inganci mai lafiya, ya zama dole a cika ganga tare da kwata na ciyayi kuma a cika ta da ruwa. Matsakaicin rabo na ruwa don shuka taro shine 10 zuwa 1, bi da bi. Yana da kyau idan kuna da taki kaza, zaku iya ƙara shi cikin abun ɗin, ya danganta da shi - kilogram na taki da lita 100 na maganin. Mafi yawan takin zamani "an shirya" daga ranakun 10 zuwa 20 (idan yayi zafi, sannan yayi sauri, idan sanyi - a hankali). Yawancin lokaci ana fahimtar cewa takin yana shirye don amfani da kumfa a farfajiya, mafi daidai ta kasancewar rashinsa: da zaran sabon kumfa ya daina nunawa, ya kamata a narkar da takin a cikin rabi tare da ruwa kuma ana iya amfani dashi ta hanyar zuba kabeji mai zurfi a ƙarƙashin tushen a farashin 0.5 a kowace shuka .
Kale kabeji a cikin ƙasa bude.
Kwaro kan kabeji da feces
Idan an lura da fasaha na aikin gona da juyawa na gona, kabeji ba sa fuskantar kwari, amma a cikin shekaru lokacin da yanayi ya dace da fitowar kwari kuma akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, aphids na kabeji, dabbobin ruwa daban-daban da scoops, kabeji kifi da kwari, kabeji ya tashi, ƙwararrakin kifaye, rakeed na iya shafar Kale. kudan zuma
Kuna iya yaƙi da kwari tare da magungunan jama'a, yawanci suna taimakawa sosai. Don haka, alal misali, zaku iya kare kanku daga kwari da cututtuka (galibi rot da sauran '' '' '' 'kabeji' ') ta hanyar ciyawar ciyayi da itacen ash ko ƙurar sigari, yana da sauƙin haɗar da ƙurar sigari da itacen ash tare da kabeji da ƙura tare da wannan cakuda. Fa'idodin wannan cakuda a bayyane yake - wannan yana da inganci da aminci, amma akwai kuma rashin amfani - wannan shine rashin zaman cakuda zuwa danshi: bayan ruwan sama ko ban ruwa, dole sai an sake ciyawar da tsire-tsire.
Yin sarrafa kalen tsire-tsire na kale kabeji tare da vinegar ƙaramin tasiri ne, saboda wannan yawanci suna amfani da vinegar 7%, haɗa shi da ruwa kuma ƙara 150 g na ɗanyen kaza zuwa lita 10 na ruwa, bayan wannan abun da ke ciki yana buƙatar samar da shi na 'yan kwanaki.
Taimakawa don magance cututtuka da kwari na kabeji Kale albasa kwasfa, wanda ke da phytoncidal kaddarorin da kuma inganta ƙwayar cuta. Yawancin lokaci, 500 g albasa kwasfa yana buƙatar lita uku na ruwan zãfi, suna zubar da husk kuma sun bar shi don ɗan kwanaki, sannan su tace shi, ƙara "sanda" a cikin nau'i na tablespoon na kowane shamfu ko rabin yanki na sabul ɗin wanka da kuma bi da tsire-tsire sau ɗaya a mako har sai alamun rashin lafiya ya ɓace gaba ɗaya. ko kwari.
Amma ga slugs, zaku iya yaƙe su ta hanyar cire su da hannu a cikin duhu ko ta hanyar kwali, zanen gado, faranti da makamantansu. A ƙarƙashin waɗannan tarkunan "mafaka" suna tarawa kuma ana iya lalata su daga baya.
Tabbas, ban da magunguna na jama'a, zaka iya amfani da kwari (da kwari) da fungicides (da cututtukan fungal) a cikin ƙa'idodin umarnin kan kunshin kuma kawai waɗanda aka yarda don amfani a cikin halin yanzu. Zai dace a yi amfani da su lokacin da lamarin ya yi tsanani kuma ana barazanar cewa shuka ta lalace gaba ɗaya.
Yaushe tattara da kuma yadda ake adana kabeji Kale
Yawancin lokaci, girbin kabeji yana farawa bayan watanni uku daga fitowar seedlings lokacin da shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa (a gonar) ko watanni biyu bayan dasawa seedlings, lokacin da aka girma ta hanyar seedlings. Da zaran shuka ya kai tsawon 18-22 cm, zaku iya fara yanke ganyen. Ganyayyaki suna buƙatar a yanke su a hankali, yayin da suke girma, ba shi da mahimmanci don jiran haɓakar ganye da yawa, ƙarshe sun zama mawuyacin hali kuma suna samun ɗanɗano mai ɗaci. Yana da kyawawa don yanke ganyen kabeji Kale a tsawo na santimita biyar daga ƙasa, wannan zai ba da izinin shuka ya samar da sabon ganye.
Itace kabeji kale da aka girba a cikin ganyayyaki an fi cinye shi nan da nan, amma kuma za'a iya adana shi tsawon kwanaki 5-6 a firiji. Masu son abinci suna lura da cewa ganyayyaki a cikin injin daskarewa waɗanda suka kwanta a wannan lokacin sun ɗanɗano mafi kyau.
Amfanin da illolin Kale
Da yake magana game da dandano: Kale ba kawai dadi ba ne, har ma da lafiyaYa ƙunshi abubuwa masu ma'adinai da furotin, mai yawa bitamin, fiber, acid acid da amino, gami da mahimman abubuwa. A lokaci guda, kabeji abinci ne na abinci, idan aka cinye shi, mutum baya iya yin nauyi.
Ya kamata a cinye kabeji na Kale da mutanen da ke fama da rashi na kals, a lokacin da ake danganta su da manyan lodi, tare da wuce kima da kuma karfafa garkuwar jiki.
Ba shi da kyau a ci feces kabeji ga mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan jijiyoyin mahaifa, dysbiosis da kuma tsarin endocrine mai rauni.
Kale kabeji.
Mafi kyawun nau'in Kale
A ƙarshe, zamuyi magana game da wasu nau'ikan Kale:
Kabeji Kale "Blue dwarf" - low shuka, matsakaici ripening, halin high yawan aiki da kyau iyawa.
Kabeji Kale Black Tuscany" - yana da launi mai launin kore-kore na ganye, waɗanda suke shirye don girbi a watan Yuni kuma sun girma har sai sanyi na farko.
Kabeji Kale "Scarlet" - wani yanayi wanda ya nuna tsawon lokacin yinsa, damuna hunturu, ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi-kore da tsinkaye wanda wani lokaci yakan kai mita.
Kabeji Kale Redbor" - ganyen wannan iri-iri yayi girma a shekara mai zuwa, idan an bar wani ɓangaren gangar jikin zuwa hunturu a cikin ƙasa. Ganyayyaki suna da abin burgewa. Itace kanta tayi tsayi sosai, yawanci tana wuce mita mita.
Kabeji Kale Reflex" - iri-iri tare da wadataccen rikodin da hardiness hunturu, wanda aka san shi ta hanyar tsawon lokacin farfadowa, yana da launin kore mai launin kore da ganye tare da haɓaka abun ciki mai amfani a cikinsu.
