Kirkazon, ko aristolochia - iko mai ban sha'awa

Tsakanin kurangar inabin-kore, ana daukar kirkason watakila shine mafi kyawun filin manyan esan jirgi a tsaye. Manyan furanni masu girma, masu ban sha'awa, masu haske sosai suna da kyau a cikin manyan taskoki na kore, a kan arches da pergolas. A lokaci guda, yawaitar murfin yankewa da kyan tsari yasa ya zama mai sauƙi ya rufe ko da dazuzzuka. Amma duk da gaskiyar cewa kirkazon yana ba da alama ta al'ada, duk da haka manyan tsire-tsire masu daraja, wannan itacen inabi yana da yawancin abubuwan ban sha'awa da abubuwan mamaki.

Furen fure na aristolochia yana daya daga cikin ainihin asali a cikin dukkanin amfanin gona na lambu. M launi da sabon abu siffar da furanni a kan bango daga a kwantar da hankula da m taro na ganye ze ba kasa da m. Kuma a cikin namowa, kirkazon mai haƙuri-inuwa yana da hanyoyi da yawa sosai takamaiman kuma ya bambanta da abokan aikinsa a cikin aji mafi girma.

Babban Kirkazon-tsallake, ko tubular kirkazon (Aristolochia macrophylla). Pot Tom Potterfield

Ofarfin marmari na marmari na daga mafi tsananin tsananin inabbai

Muna da halin muhawara game da wannan itaciyar. Kirkazon yana da kusan abubuwan banmamaki na magani kuma ana amfani dashi a madadin magani, galibi ana ɗaukar tsire ɗin a matsayin mai amfani kuma baya kula da kyan gani. Wannan liana an daɗe ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin majiɓincin tsarkaka na haihuwa, amma a yau an ɗaukaka shi azaman mai warkarwa na duniya. Aristolochia har ma ya sami sunan ta don girmamawa ga Girkanci "aristos" (mafi kyau) da "lochein" (haihuwa). Amma daidai yake da kayan kwalliyar kwalliyar aristolochian waɗanda suke mafi fito fili, masu mahimmanci da ƙarfi. Kuma kyakkyawa da wannan katon itacen inabi mai sauƙi ne a yaba daga ƙuruciya.

Kirkazon, ko aristolochia (Aristolochia) - Harshen halittar masarufi, woody, manya-manyan creeping vines, sau da yawa wuce 10 m ba ga tsawo. Babban mahimmancin su shine rawanin tiled, saurin girma da girma. Ga dukkan, ba tare da togiya ba, aristolochias ana saninsa da manyan ganyayyaki masu yawan tsalle-tsalle. Siffar ruwan tabarau shine mafi yawan lokuta zuciya-mai siffa, kuma launi tana cike da haske koren kore, sabo, mai haske, mai kwalliya da kyau tare da kayan girkin gargajiya.

Babban fasalin kircasone ba shine girman ganyayyaki ba, amma matsayin su. An sanya su a sama da ɗayan kamar fale-falen buraka, ƙirƙirar kayan ado masu ban mamaki waɗanda ke kama da wasan dambe. Amma mafi kyawun fasalin asali na aristolochius daidai la'akari da ainihin inflorescences. Wani bututun ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, mai yatsun hannu mai yaɗuwa da launi mai fitarwa suna ba da haske game da tsaftar yanayin wurare masu zafi. Gaskiya ne, saboda girman da ikon ganye, don ganin kyawawan rassa da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kuna buƙatar gwadawa: galibi ana ɓoye su, a ɓoye suke a kambi. Furanni suna yin fure na kwanaki 5-25, fure yana farawa a cikin aristolochias daban-daban yana da shekaru 5 zuwa 8. Kuma akwatunan 'ya'yan itace masu elongated akan waɗannan vines suna da kyan gani.

Yankin Circason (Aristolochia litattleis). Kurmi & Kim Starr

Iri da nau'in kirkazon (aristolochia)

A cikin halittar Aristolochius - kimanin nau'ikan 180 ne ke girma a zahiri a cikin duniya. Thanasa da nau'in dozin tare da ganyayyaki masu ban sha'awa da furanni "sun ɗauki tushe" azaman tsire-tsire masu ado.

Mafi na kowa daga cikin kirkazons da muka dace da la'akari da manyan-leaved. Babban circason-leaved, ko Kirkazon bututu (Aristolochia macrophylla, suna na biyu - tirkalar kirkazon - sanannen sanannu ne) - babban itacen daji mai saurin girma, mai iya tashi zuwa tsawo na 12. M. otsan buɗe ido suna danda, kore, mai sassauƙa. Fushin wannan aristolochia yana da ban mamaki sosai: babba, mai ban sha'awa, ganye mai kama da zuciya tare da diamita na har zuwa 30 cm samar da kyakkyawan tsarin kambi mai kyau, ya kawo sakamako na ornamental zuwa gonar. Haɗe mai launin kore, mai haske yana haɗe tare da mai ba da baya. Ganyayyaki, kamar duk kirkazons, suna zaune a dogon petioles har zuwa 6-7 cm. Furanni na fitowa ba wai kawai saboda kwari ne ke lalata su ba. Single, axillary, tasowa a cikin nau'i na bututu mai siffa-v, mai siffa, sun kai 3 cm tsayi kawai kuma an yi masa kambi tare da reshe mai launin diski mai ban mamaki. Saboda ta musamman, gashin da aka ambata a ciki a cikin corolla, kwari ba za su iya fita ba har sai da tsintsiya ta tashi sai gashi ya bushe. Bayan pollination, da furanni amusingly rufe, droop. Bayan an gama fure wannan creeper, hexagons na 'ya'yan itatuwa har zuwa 8 cm tsayi an ɗaure su tare da tsaba cikin sauri saurin shuka su.

Circason Manchu (Aristolochia manshuriensis) - kyakkyawan kyakkyawan itacen inabi, wanda ƙarshen harbe zai iya daskarewa a cikin yanayin tsaka-tsaka (amma duk da wannan, Manchu kirkazon baya buƙatar kowane kariya). Trearfin treetop mai ƙarfi ya kai mita 10 a tsayi, ana kuma rarrabe shi ta manyan santimita talatin na ƙyalli mai ban sha'awa, da kuma kambi mai haske mai ban mamaki, wanda cikin sauƙi yake rufe ko da aristolochia manya-manya, da launuka mai haske, launi mai haske, da kyawawan adon kaka mai haske. Furanni suna da yawa, a cikin kamannin kamannin jaka, launin ruwan kasa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari zuwa 8 cm tsawo kama cucumbers. Iyakar abin da wannan ja da baya shine cewa yana fure daga shekara-shekara, kuma fruiting ya dogara da dalilai da yawa. Wannan shi ne ɗayan itaciyar itaciya mai saurin girma, wanda ke da ikon samar da haɓaka na 3 m a cikin ɗayan kakar a cikin ƙasa mai laushi kusa da rafuffuka ko ƙananan kwari.

Circason zaki-mai siffa, ko Kirkazon talakawa (Aristolochia clematitis) - 'Ya'yan itaciya mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin girman. An girma a matsayin mai sauri tara, an na rayayye girma herbaceous shuka. The harbe kai tsawon ba fiye da 1.5 m, ganye suna da kyau, zuciya-dimbin yawa, elongated, tare da matte mai haske surface. Furanni suna kama da furannin ruwa, hasken rawaya, fure a cikin axils na ganye. Wannan kirkazon blooms na kimanin wata 1 a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon lokacin bazara, 'ya'yan itacen kusan ba a ɗaure su ba. Ya bambanta da sauran, aristolochias su ne clematis fari-resistant.

M circason (Aristolochia elegans). © cat_collector

A matsayin daki, ko kuma lambun da ke tare da hunturu a ɗakunan gida, muna girma Liana na wurare masu zafi Kirkazon alheri (Aristolochia elegans). Wannan itace kullun Amurka ta Kudu wanda zai iya ƙirƙirar murfin tsaye tsaye mai ban mamaki da allo na ɗan lokaci. Bar babba-zuciya, sosai na ado. Yana da kyakkyawan kirkazona, bisa ga yawancin masoya, mafi kyawun fure da asalinsu. Ba kamar sauran itorsan takararsu na hunturu-Hardy ba, a cikin wannan aristolochia sun kai tsawon ba yawa, amma 10-12 cm tare da kusan fadi ɗaya na reshen corolla. A siffar, fure mai kamar tubular yayi kama da tsoffin gramophones - swirling, curving, kamar katon katako ko karkace, yana jawo hankalin tuni tare da tsarinta. Amma furanni suna ƙara launi zuwa yanayin fata: mottled, pockmarked, launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi akan farar fata da haske a bangon baya, palette yayi kama da ƙira akan fatalwar dabbobi kuma da alama ba kawai asali ba, amma na musamman. Wannan aristolochia shima yana da makerin magabaci: pollinating kwari, saboda tsattsarkar gashi a cikin furen furen, bazai iya fita waje ba har sai lokacin da aka fitar da gashi kuma gashin da aka umarce shi a ciki baya bushewa. Kyakkyawan fure kirkason fure a tsakiyar bazara, yana ci gaba da yin ado da lambuna har daren farko na sanyaya a cikin bazara, wanda ya zama alama don motsi da shuka zuwa wuraren shakatawa.

A cikin yankuna na kudanci, asalin nau'in ornamental na al'ada an cika shi da wata shuka mai haƙuri mai sauƙi. Aristolochia ji (mun fi sani kamar Kirkazon Fluffy (Aristolochia tomentosa) - mai ban mamaki, babban liana na Arewacin Amurka. Ya kai tsawo na 10 m, amma a cikin al'adun gargajiya shi ne yawanci m. An rarrabe ta da mai kauri, Fluff fringe na matasa harbe, mai duhu launin toka launi daga cikin haushi a lignified rassan da mamaki kyau wrinkled-tsaye fasa. Ganyen suna da girma sosai, har zuwa 15 cm a diamita, kusan zagaye a siffar tare da maƙallan zagaye. Farfajiyar fitila mai haske ce, mara nauyi ce, dan kadan ne, take ji a jikinta. Fushin yana zaune akan petioles har tsawon cm 7. Furen yana cikin axils na ganye guda a lokaci guda, har tsawon 3-4 cm, mai siffa bututu, suna mamakin tare da dogon farfajiya, da gefuna a waje, da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, da reshe mai launin shuɗi uku farfajiya.

Babban Kirkazon-tsallake, ko tubular kirkazon (Aristolochia macrophylla). Maja Dumat

Kifezon Laciferous, ko kirkazon talakawa (Aristolochia clematitis). Kir William Kirby

Kirkazon ƙwanƙwasa (Aristolochia tomentosa). End Wendy Cutler

Kirkazon (aristolochia) a cikin amfani da kayan lambu:

kamar yadda mafi kyawun itacen inabi tare da tsattsauran hoto a kambi;
don shinge na tsaye a kan babban yanki da tsayi;
don ƙirƙirar tushen kore mai ban sha'awa;
kamar kayan aiki na gargajiya tsayayye mai tsari;
azaman ɗayan kuɗin itacen masking mafi sauri, yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar hotunan kore da fuska a cikin watanni.
kamar yadda mafi kyawun ganye na shuka kore don shimfidar wuri pergolas, arbor da trellises;
azaman kyakkyawan ganye mai launin kore don shimfidar shimfidar wurare, bango, gami da kan manya-manyan gine-gine;
don gyara baranda da baranda;
ƙirƙirar ɗakunan kore a cikin iska;
azaman itacen ɓaure na musamman don trellises da ginshiƙai, adon tsoffin tsoffin bishiyoyi;
a cikin kirkirar kofofin kore, rufi, da sauransu.

Cutar kirkazona (aristolochia)

Aristolochias sune tsire-tsire masu iya canzawa da mamaki wanda basa buƙatar haske mai haske don bayyana duk kyawun su. Yawancin kirkazons suna girma cikin girma a cikin inuwa m, kirkazon da ke da tsattsauran ra'ayi na iya daidaitawa har zuwa wurin Inuwa. Amma kirkazon alheri saboda yanayin motsi na wurare masu zafi yana buƙatar samarwa tare da wurare na kudanci, wuraren rana, mafi kyawun yanayi tare da bushewar rana, ganuwar gine-gine mai zafi. Wannan aristolochia, koda a cikin mafi sauƙi penumbra, bazai yi fure ba kwata-kwata.

Wannan shi ne ɗayan mafi tsayayya don gurɓataccen yanayi, yanayin birni mai narkewa, wanda baya jin tsoro ko da mafi yawan wurare masu kyau da daidaitattun wurare kusa da hanyoyin mota. Amma irin wannan rashin daidaituwa yana daɗaɗawa tare da ƙin yarda don zane-zane: duk aristolochies da za a iya girma a cikin tsakiyar band ko arewa za su fi son wuraren kariya. Batun ba wai kawai cewa masu hawa dutse za su rikice ba a girma: ganye a cikin iska suna tsagewa a zahiri. Tsarin kambi mai tayal mai kyau kawai za'a iya sha'awar shi a cikin kwanciyar hankali, wurare masu tsari.

Ba tare da togiya ba, duk kirkazons suna haɓaka mafi kyau akan ƙasa mai laushi, sako-sako, ƙirar inganci, tare da ɗimbin yawa na humus. Don kirkazons, sabo ne, ƙasa mai laushi mai sauƙi an fi son. Aristolochia babban-leaved yana da mafi yawan bukatun na karshen siga: wannan liana fi son ya zauna a kan ƙasa rigar, yana kula da yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali da m. Don sauƙaƙe kulawa da kuma warware matsaloli tare da riƙe zafi yana da sauƙi ta zaɓar wuraren kusa da rafuffuka, tafkunan, a cikin ƙananan kwari.

Kirkazon har abada (Aristolochia sempervirens). Law Steve Law

Landing of kirkazona (aristolochia)

Wannan itacen za a iya dasa shi a cikin wani wuri na dindindin a damuna da damina. Winter-Hardy aristolochia daidai daidaita da hunturu a cikin wani sabon lokacin da dasa shuki a watan Satumba, amma m, m Kirkason ana dasa a cikin m wuri kawai a watan Mayu. Don hunturu-Hardy aristolochs, ana amfani da seedlings na shekaru biyu zuwa uku (ana amfani da seedlings shekara-shekara ne kawai ta hanyar itace).

Ga kowane aristolochia, kiyaye nesa ga tsire-tsire makwabta yana da matukar muhimmanci. Saboda tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi, ba da shawarar nesa tsakanin tsire-tsire ba da shawarar ba. Babban aikin - 80-100 cm ga "maƙwabta".

Aristolochias ana shuka su ne a cikin manyan rami mai saukarwa tare da zurfin kusan rabin mita. Kafin saukowa, ya zama dole don kafa wani tallafi, la'akari da cewa mafi kyawun tsayi daga tushe don aristolochias ba tare da samuwar ba ya kai 8 m, liana yana da nauyi kuma zai iya ɗaure kansa da tallafi kai tsaye. Tushen wuya na seedling ya kamata ya kasance a matakin ƙasa. Tushen akan tsire-tsire dole ne a taqaitaccen: mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi - 1/5, mai rauni - 1/3 na tsawon. Daidaitan sassan yashi da humus, yumɓu don haɓaka ƙarfin danshi da kashi na cikakken takin ma'adinai wanda aka haɗe tare da kilogiram 9-10 na kwayoyin halitta ya kamata a ƙara ƙasa a cire shi daga ramin saukowa. A kasan ramin a cikin ƙasa mai nauyi, shimfiɗa rufin magudanar ruwa, an rufe shi da yashi a saman.

Babban Kirkazon-tsallake, ko tubular kirkazon (Aristolochia macrophylla). © Ruud de Block

Kula da kirkazon (aristolochia)

Manyan kirkazon, kamar kowane nau'in aristolochia, in ban da lomonosovidnoy, ƙanƙantar da haƙuri da fari kuma suna buƙatar maimaitaccen ruwa. Tare da zaɓin da ya dace na yanayin girma, sanya wuri kusa da tafkunan ko a kan ƙasa mai laushi, ana buƙatar hanyoyin kawai cikin matsanancin zafi da fari, an zaɓi fifiko a kan ƙasa na al'ada. A cikin mafi yawan kwanakin aristolochia suna godiya da karɓa ga spraying.

Duk wani aristolochia ya gamsu da takin gargajiya sau 1-2 a kowace kakar (a cikin ruwa mai ruwa ko kuma a mulmula). Sauran kulawa sun gangara zuwa:

mulching tare da takin da bai dace ba ko ganye mai shekaru rabin, wasu kwayoyin;
ƙawance ciyawa;
haske, har zuwa 8 cm zurfi kwance ƙasa, a lokacin da kuke buƙatar yin hankali sosai da ƙoƙarin kada ku lalata tushen asalin.

Kwantar da itacen inabin ya rage zuwa ga rage dogon harbe da ke tafe da tallafi, iyakance ci gaban da ya cancanta da kuma tsabtacewa - cire rassan bushe ko lalacewa.

M aristolochia m na bukatar yawan ruwa da kuma kayan miya a duk tsawon lokacin ci gaban aiki. Wannan nau'in kirkazonov musamman yana son saman miya tare da jiko na mullein. Amma zaka iya amfani da takin gargajiya, da kuma abubuwan hade ma'adinai. Ana gudanar da ruwa a duk lokacin da ya cancanta, tare da mafi ƙarancin fari don kula da danshi na ƙasa.

Kirkazon a cikin zanen gonar. Ud hudsonvalleygardens

Win kirkazona (aristolochia)

A aristolokhii sanyi juriya aka bayyana ne kawai tare da shekaru, matasa amfanin gona da kafe cuttings ne m kuma yana da mafi alh tori ga girma su a seedling ridges tare da tsari domin hunturu. Yana da sauƙi don kare matasa aristolochias daga sanyi: ga wannan itacen inabi ya isa ya samar da mulching tare da bushe bushe zuwa tsawo na 7 cm cm Daga shekaru 2-3, buƙatar tsari don hunturu ta ɓace. Ko da tukwicin da harbe harbe daskare a Manchurian aristolochia, da shuka zai murmure daidai kuma ya nuna duk kyakkyawa.

Duk da gaskiyar cewa kirkazon mai tsinkaye ana ɗaukar shi itacen zaitun ne kawai don yankuna na kudu, ana iya dasa shi a cikin ƙasa buɗe, har ma a tsakiyar yankin. Kawai tare da zuwan yanayin sanyi zai zama dole a canza shi zuwa kwantena, tsaftace don hunturu a cikin dakin. Don adana kanka daga samun tono babbar shuka daga ƙasa a kowace shekara sannan kuma dasa shuki, baya da amfani a dasa kircazone kai tsaye a cikin manyan kwantena, kwantena. Amma duk iri ɗaya ne, kuna buƙatar yin la'akari da cewa yana da sauƙi kamar yadda za'a iya magance sauran cad cad. Digging da sa a cikin dakin dole ne a da za'ayi kafin sanyi. Yanayin hunturu mai mahimmanci don kirkazon a cikin yanayi mai haske kuma a ɗaki ko kuma yanayin zafi kaɗan.

Kwaro da Cututtuka

Aristolochias koyaushe suna tsayayya wa cututtuka da kwari. Zasu iya yin barazanar ta hanyar aphids da kuma mites gizo-gizo a cikin kusancin tsire-tsire masu kamuwa, amma da wuya matsaloli su tashi.

Farfagandar kircazone (aristolochia)

Ana la'akari da Kircasones a matsayin mai sauƙin yada vines. Zai fi sauƙi don samun sabon ƙarni na tsire-tsire daga tsaba ko matakai, amma ana amfani da hanyar yanka sau da yawa.

Yawan rooting of peran ne low, matsala tare da su ne mafi girma daga tare da sauran vines. Yanke sune mafi kyawun hanyar yaduwa kawai don kirkazona, wanda a cikin kyawawan yankuna suke farfadowa. A cikin bazara, bayan nasarar wintering daga rassan, zaku iya yanke cuttings kuma ku sa su a ƙarƙashin tafiya a cikin kowane kayan abinci mai gina jiki da danshi. Haka kuma, rooting yana da sauri kuma dasawa zuwa cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa ko tubs za a iya aiwatarwa a ƙarshen Mayu-Yuni. Ga ragowar aristolochii, ya kamata a yanke itace ko dai kafin a buɗe furannin a cikin bazara, ko a ƙarshen Satumba da kuma farkon shekarun Oktoba, zaɓin shekara-shekara, amma an riga an fara harbe. Yankuna na hunturu aristolochias ya kamata a kafe a cikin ridges, ƙara yashi da peat a cikin ƙasa da zurfafa cuttings 20 cm tsawon obliquely, barin kawai 1 ko 2 buds a farfajiya. Bayan an shigar da tsiron a cikin ƙasa, tomo yana buƙatar a shayar da shi sosai kuma a mulled da peat. A cikin kaka, ba lallai ba ne don rufe peran; a lokacin bazara, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar tsari daga gado daga gilashin ko filayen fim. Shuke-shuke da aka samo ta hanyar itace ana canzawa zuwa wuri na dindindin a cikin kaka na ranakun bazara da damuna mai zuwa na kaka.

Kirkazon Felted yana ba da tsire-tsire masu yawa, amma sauran aristolochias, kodayake mafi ƙaranci ga shugaba a cikin ikon su na haifar da harbe-harbe da yawa, a cikin yanayi mai kyau, suna iya haƙa sababbin vingin kowace shekara. Amma domin kada a jira bayyanar tushen zuriya, ya fi sauƙi a cire tushen: an tono harbe da shuka a cikin bazara, ana sanya su cikin ƙasa, suna kwance su a kwance, kuma ta kaka za ku sami cikakkiyar tushen shuka.

Manchurian circason (Aristolochia manshuriensis). Ol Lolita Afanasjeva

Abubuwan duk kirkazons da sauri suna rasa shuka, dole ne a yi amfani dasu a cikin 'yan watanni bayan tarin. Shuka mafi kyau an yi shi a ƙarshen kaka, kafin hunturu (idan ya zama dole a jinkirta shuka har sai lokacin bazara, ana ɗaukar matsin lamba a zazzabi kusan 5 digiri Celsius). Za a zaɓi gadaje don shuka iri ɗaya daga cikin wuraren penumbra. Kamar yadda seedlings suka bayyana, matasa tsire-tsire suna buƙatar samun haihuwa a nesa na 20-30 cm kuma girma a kan wani keɓaɓɓen gado har zuwa shekaru 2-3. Aristoloch seedlings suna haɓaka a hankali kuma yana da kyau a yi haƙuri don haɓaka.

Lomonosovid aristolochia yana yaduwa ba kawai ta hanyar farawa da tsaba ba, har ma da sassan rhizomes.