Kudan zuma da aka yi wa kwalliya da kuma na cucumbers ba gasa bane; suna dace da juna. A lokaci guda, duk da cewa ga samuwar greenhouses a kudan zuma pollinated siffofin, da pollination tsari ake bukata, kudan zuma pollinated cucumbers da dama ab advantagesbuwan amfãni. Da fari dai, Zelentsy kudan pollinating hybrids sun fi amfani, kamar yadda suke da saboda samar da tsaba da karuwa abun ciki na biologically aiki abubuwa, bitamin da kuma carbohydrates. Abu na biyu, shi ne kudan zuma-pollinated hybrids na kokwamba da ke samar da mafi ingancin albarkatun kasa don salting na gargajiya, don samun kyankyakin Rashan da aka zana wanda ya yi fice. Haka kuma, an kirkiri samfurori na musamman waɗanda ke haɗuwa da dandano na tsoffin nau'ikan tare da cikakken juriya ga cututtuka, juriya sanyi, haƙuri inuwa, superbeam da sauran halaye masu mahimmanci.
Beean kudan zuma na zamani suna sanya ruwan ɗabi'ar bazara ta zamani don zaɓar Agrofirm "Manul" - nau'in fure na mace (irin waɗannan nau'ikan samari sune mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa); don ingantaccen pollination, kashi 10% na pollinator an shuka su ne. A saboda wannan dalili, kamfanin kiwo da iri na kamfanin "Manul" ya kirkira kayan kwalliyar pollinating na musamman: farin-spiked F1 Nectar da baƙi-baƙi F1 Bumblebeehalin dogon furanni na namiji furanni. Kokwamba hybrids F1 Nectar da F1 Bumblebee ba wai kawai samar da ingancin pollination na tsire-tsire tare da adadi mai yawa na furanni mata ba, amma su da kansu suna samar da amfanin gona na cucumbers tare da halaye masu ɗimbin yawa. Pollinating Hybrids F1 Nectar da F1 Bumblebee da gudummawa ga karuwa a yawan amfanin ƙasa kudan zuma pollinated cucumbers da kuma ƙara ƙima a gare su.
Bee Bee pollinated bisa ga hadaddun halayen halitta da na tattalin arziki za'a iya kasu kashi uku.
Bee pollinated bazara hybrids na kokwamba tare da bunch tsari na ovaries a cikin nodes: F1 haruffa, F1 amintattun abokai, F1 Acorn, F1 Captain, F1 Compass, F1 Teremok, F1 Saltan.
Wannan rukunin ya hada da kudan zuma mata da ke sanya kudan zuma irin na fure na fure tare da kyawawan halaye. Tsire-tsire suna da ƙarfi, jeri daga rauni (F1 Abokai na Gaskiya) zuwa aiki (F1 Saltan - wani hade da wani bangare mai nuna bangaranci).
Hutun kudan zuma-pollinated bunch hybrids ya bambanta da wasu a cikin yawan ƙwayoyin ovaries, da manyan masu girma dabam, wanda zai ba ku damar tattara ƙwayoyin ƙura-ƙura a matsayin karamin-pickles don canning a cikin ƙananan kwalba. A kowane kumburi, daga 2-3 zuwa 6-8 - 12 ke haifar. Tsawon 8-12 cm tsayi, m-humped, baki-ko fari-spiked, da yawaitar tsari na tubercles ne matsakaita ("Rasha irin pubescence"). Kyaftin F1 da F1 Acorn mallaki sabon fasali mai mahimmanci - jinkirin saukar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, hana haɓakar haɓakar su tare da girbi mai sauƙi. Wannan fasalin yana da mahimmanci ga yankuna na masana'antar canning, har ma ga yan lambu waɗanda suka zo dabarun lambun kawai a karshen mako. Waɗannan samari masu haɓaka na zamani waɗanda aka kirkira don kayan ɗakin girke-girke na gargajiya (daidaitaccen ganye) da kuma canning (ganye na daidaitaccen nau'in girki).
F1 ABC
Bee pollinated farkon ripening katako gherkin matasan mace irin fure don bude da kuma kare ƙasa. Yana shiga fruiting a rana ta 39-42 daga germination. Branching yana matsakaici ko ƙasa da matsakaici. A cikin nodes, daga 2-4 zuwa 6-10 ovaries an kafa. Zelentsy tuberous (mita na tsari na tubercles yana da matsakaita), baƙar fata, baƙar fata, syl-cylindrical a sifa, tsawon 8-11 cm, cm 3,0.5.5 a sikelin, 90-115 g a nauyi. Gishirin da dandano suna da yawa. An tsara shi don ganga ganga, har da canning mini cucumbers a cikin kwalba. Resistant zuwa itacen zaitun, ƙwayar ƙwayar mosaic na kokwamba, mildew powdery, jurewa zuwa mildew mai ƙwanƙwasa. Kashi 10% na pollinator ana shuka shi ne ga tumbin .aruwar dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa shine plantsan itace 3-5 / m2, a cikin gida mai tsire-tsire 2.5-3 tsire-tsire / m2.
F1 Abokai na Gaskiya
Wani sanannen, farkon farkon kudan zuma pollinated katako gherkin matasan wata mace fure irin domin bude ƙasa, tunnels, spring greenhouses. Yana fitar da 'ya'yan itace a ranar 37-39th daga tsiro. A cikin nodes, daga 2-3 zuwa 5-8 ko fiye da ovaries an kafa. Cold jurewa. Branching mai rauni ne, wanda zai iya sauƙaƙe kulawar tsirrai sosai. An halin mai yawan fruiting a kowane yanayin girma. Zelentsy tuberous, baƙar fata, baƙo, m-silili a cikin sifa, tsawon cm cm 8. Salting da palatability suna da girma sosai. Cold-resistant, resistant zuwa zaitun zaitun, ƙwayar Musa kokwamba na talakawa, mai jure yanayin mildew mai ƙwai da fari.
F1 Acorn
Girbi kudan zuma-pollinated katako matasan na gherkin nau'in bude da ƙasa mai kariya. An mai suna ga m crispy ganye na babban pickling halaye. Tsire-tsire suna daga nau'in fure na mace, yin sa alama yana iyakantacce (harbe-harbe a takaice, nau'in tantancewa). A cikin nodes, daga 2-3 zuwa 10-12 ana kafa ovaries. F1 Acorn - A matasan tare da jinkirin girma daga cikin 'ya'yan itacen, wanda saboda wannan rauni ba ya outgrow tare da rare girbi. An tsara shi don ganga ganga, har da canning mini cucumbers a cikin kwalba. Zelentsy m, fari-spiky, mai tsananin kore a launi, 8-10 cm tsayi; Matsakaicin wuri na tubercles shine matsakaici. Resistant zuwa zaitun zaitun, ƙwayar Musa ta kokwamba na yau da kullun, mai haƙuri ga mildew powdery, mildew downy.
F1 Teremok
High-samar da kudan zuma-pollinated katako aramin nau'in gherkin don bude da ƙasa mai kariya. Mace mai tsire-tsire, fure, matsakaici matsakaici ko ƙaramin matsakaici. Zelentsy mai fajirci ne, baƙar fata, mai launin shuɗi, 8-12 cm tsayi, na ƙara ɗaukar hoto da ƙima. A cikin nodes, siffar ovaries 3-4 zuwa 6-9. An tsara shi don ganga ganga, har da canning mini cucumbers a cikin kwalba. Resistant zuwa itacen zaitun, ƙwayar ƙwayar mosaic na kokwamba, mildew powdery, jurewa zuwa mildew mai ƙwanƙwasa.
Kudan pollinated bazara hybrids tare da na lokaci daya da yawa yawan greenhouses a kan shuka: F1 Farmer, F1 Ubangiji, F1 Maisky.
Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan kudan zuma na gargajiya-pollinated don buɗe ƙasa mai kariya. Godiya ga tsarin tushen iko, juriya sanyi, haɓakar kyakkyawan harbe, a hankali suna fruita fruitan itace har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Mai hankali ya mallaki babban tsami da dandano. Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan halittar mata ko yawancin nau'in fure na mata, don haka an ƙara 10% na pollinator a gare su.
Manoma F1
A classic kudan zuma-pollinated matasan na mace ko galibi mace irin fure. An tsara don bude ƙasa, greenhouses, rafukan ruwa. Branching shine matsakaici ko sama da matsakaita. A cikin nodes, an kirkiro ovaries 1-2. Zelentsy m, fari-spiky, 10-12 cm tsawo, mai yawa, crunchy; pickling da canning halaye ne sosai high. M shuka girma, mai iko tushen tsarin, aiki girma na a kaikaice harbe, haɗe shi da sanyi juriya da kuma cikakken jure cutar, sa dogon lokacin da fruiting kaka har zuwa lokacin sanyi kaka. A matasan ne resistant zuwa powdery mildew, zaitun spotting, talakawa kokwamba mosaic cutar, m to milyw fari.
F1 Ubangiji
Girbi tsakiyar kaka-classic classic kudan zuma-pollinated matasan na galibi mace ko mace fure irin. Yada girma a cikin bazara-bazara canjin a bude da kuma kare ƙasa. Branching shine matsakaici ko sama da matsakaita. A halayyar fasalin da matasan ne m girma daga cikin manyan lash da m fitowan gefen harbe, tare da ci gaban da wanda ya zo da ganiya na taro tsawo fruiting. Cold juriya da juriya na shuka ga cututtukan phyto suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar haɓaka kuma a ƙarshen watan Agusta - Satumba - a cikin yanayin rashin jin daɗi ga nau'ikan da yawa. A cikin nodes, an kirkiro ovaries 1-2. Zelentsy kyakkyawa launin launi mai haske, farin farin-clumped, tsawon 10-12 cm; 'yan itace, canning da dandano suna da matukar girma. A matasan ne resistant zuwa powdery mildew, zaitun spotting, talakawa kokwamba mosaic cutar, m to milyw fari.
Mashahurin salatin kayan zaki mai jure yanayin-yanayi na yanayin sanyi-na damina-zangon-Ruwan Farin-zãfi: F1 Relay, F1 Olympics, F1 Manul, F1 Marathon, F1 Ladoga, F1 Lights na Arewa.
Waɗannan su ne cucumbers da ke da dandano mara ƙima da ƙanshi, waɗanda ba su da analogues a duniya. Hybrids sune madaidaiciyar ma'aunin gargajiya na kokwamba na Rasha. Tsawon zelenets shine 15-22 cm, farfajiya tayi kama-da-kaɗa, mai sheki ko kuma rabin-matte, yawan tsari na tubercles na matsakaici ne, fatar jiki na bakin ciki (nau'in salatin), naman yana daɗaɗɗe, ƙanshi. Tsire-tsire suna da ƙarfi, masu ƙarfi, inuwa mai jurewa, tare da yin jigilar ƙarfi, a lokacin rani suna yin yalwar ba da 'ya'ya a cikin gidajen kore da kuma a buɗe ƙasa. Don kyakkyawan pollination, ana shuka iri-iri tare da 10% na pollinator (F1 Nectar, F1 Bumblebee). A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, F1 Relay, F1 Olympics, F1 Manul sun sami babban mashahuri a tsakanin lambu da manoma.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa tsire-tsire na hybrids na Relay formotype a farkon fure na iya samun adadi mai yawa na furanni na namiji, ƙila basu isa don tabbatar da pollination na dogon lokaci ba. Ana yin furanni na maza fiye da kan manyan tushe, kuma a lokacin taro mai girma na gefen harbe na tsakiya da babba daga cikin tsiro ya zama "mace". Idan yayin girma na seedlings ko bayan dasa, yanayin yayi sanyi, faɗar mace a cikin tsire-tsire yana ƙaruwa. Saboda haka, yana da kyawawa don dasa pollinator ga irin wannan hybrids.
F1 Relay
Girbi tsakiyar kakar kudan zuma pollinating matasan na galibin mata fure irin. Yin sabo a lokacin rani yana da ƙarfi. Tsawon 15-20 cm tsayi, bututun ƙarfe, fararen fata, mai daɗi sosai. Ya haɓaka haƙuri da inuwa, matuƙar ductility ga abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli. A matasan ne resistant ga talakawa kokwamba mosaic cutar, in mun gwada da - don tushen rot.
Wasannin F1
Haɓaka mai tsayi, tsaka-tsakin tsakiyar tsaka-tsakin nau'in haɓaka mai ƙarfi tare da saka alama mai ƙarfi. Zelentsy tuberous fari-spiked, tare da ƙima mai ɗanɗano da ƙamshi, tsawon 16-19 cm; iskar shaka shine matsakaici, tubercles babba ne. Wasannin F1 ya mallaki filastin yanayin halitta, yana da juriya ga kwayar cutar kokwamba ta talakawa, da jure wa tushen lalacewa.
F1 Ladoga
Girbi tsakiyar kakar kudan zuma pollinating matasan na galibin mata fure irin. An halin m girma, yana da babban yawan aiki m. Zelentsy tuberous white-spiked, 16-18 cm tsayi, kore mai haske a launi tare da madaidaiciya madaurin haske, dandano mai mahimmanci da ƙanshi. Hanyoyin bugun jini suna da yawa, yawan saurin tubercles yana da matsakaita. Matsakaici zuwa saka alama mai ƙarfi. Hybrid tare da fadi da yawan zafin jiki mafi kyau duka, tsayayya wa tabon zaitun da ƙwayar wamba na talakawa.
F1 Hasken Arewa
Girbe kudan zuma-pollinated matasan tare da m greenery. Tsire-tsire suna da ƙarfi, tare da yin kyau iri. Zelentsy fari ce mai launin fari, mai tsawon 16-19 cm. Tsarin tubercles yana da girma, ana iya samun saurin tsari na tubercles. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu launi mai haske tare da ratsi mai haske mai haske. Hybrid tare da fadi da yawan zafin jiki mafi kyau duka, tsayayya wa tabon zaitun, ƙwayar Musa kokwamba talakawa.
Kokwamba na tsire-tsire na iya samar da furanni iri uku: furanni na mata, fure na namiji, furanni hermaphroditic.
Furen mata - koyaushe tare da ovary (karamin kokwamba), don haka ana iya bambanta su da furanni namiji kafin fure. A cikin nau'ikan parthenocarpic, ovary ya girma zuwa greenery ba tare da pollination ba (misali, ba ƙudan zuma da sauran kwari ba, ba kuma ana buƙatar pollination na wucin gadi don samun amfanin gona ba). A cikin kudan zuma pollinated cucumbers, da girma na ovaries (kuma, saboda haka, da samuwar 'ya'yan itãcen) na bukatar pollination na fure fure tare da pollen daga namiji fure. Yawan furanni na mata a cikin kulli na iya zama 1, 2 (don girke-girken girke-girke) da ƙari - har zuwa 10-12 (na tumbin da yawa).
Maza furanni - ba tare da ovary ba, a waje shine furanni rawaya akan bakin furen. Ma'anar ilimin halittar namiji furanni shine pollination na furanni mata (duka kudan zuma da yayansu da kuma nau'in halittar halittar mace) don samun zuriya. A cikin siffofin parthenocarpic, korebacks ba tare da pollination ba, amma ba su da tsaba; don samun tsaba a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwahenhenhencarpic, dole ne a yi fure furannin mace.
Female furanni suna kafa a cikin nodes babban tushe da kuma a kaikaice harbe, a matsayin mai mulkin, a bunches - da yawa kowane.
Furen furanni na furanni namiji yana da danshi, mai nauyi, baya samun isasshen bacci, i.e. pollination by iska ba ya faruwa a cikin kokwamba, amma da za'ayi ne kawai daga kwari.
Tsarin furanni na kokwamba
Furanni na maza sun ƙunshi ƙwayar calyx, corolla petals, stamens. Guda biyar, kowannensu yana ƙare da ƙullin pollen - wani ruwa, wanda a ciki yake hatsi da dabbobin (pollen).
A cikin furanni mace, maimakon stamens, akwai kwaro wanda ya kunshi stigma, shafi da kwai. Ovary m, yawanci uku-celled, tare da dama layuka na ovules a kowane gida.
Pollination na cucumbers
Abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙwayar ganyayyaki na cucumbers suna fitowa ne akan ƙashin ƙwayar mace na furen mace nan da nan, kuma a cikin nau'ikan bututun pollen suna ratsa ta cikin kwafin kwaro a cikin ovules waɗanda ke da ƙwai. Bayan pollination na qwai a cikin kudan zuma pollinated cucumbers, wani aiki girma da ovaries faruwa. A cikin cucumbers na parthenocarpic, ovaries suna girma ba tare da pollination ba.
Maza da mata fure na kokwamba a cikin yanayi mai kyau a buɗe da sassafe - a faɗuwar rana. Idan ranar da ta kasance mai sanyi (kusan + 15 ... + 17 ° С) da kuma gajimare, furanni suna buɗe mara kyau kuma ana iya buɗe su rabin.
A cikin furanni maza, pollen ya balaga kwanaki 1-2 kafin su buɗe. Anthers suna buɗewa a ranar furanni, amma idan yawan zafin iska ya kasance ƙasa +16 ... + 17 ° C, anthers na iya buɗewa washegari kawai (kuma, sabili da haka, ba za a yi pollen ranar da namiji fure ya buɗe ba).
Pollen yana da mafi girman tasirin daga lokacin da furanni suka buɗe har zuwa sa'o'i 11-12 na rana, to, ƙwayar pollen ta ragu, kuma da sanyin safiya ana iya ɓace gabaɗaya. Babban iska zafin jiki don pollen shine +20 ... + 30 ° C. A low (+ 14 ... + 16 ° С) kuma babba (sama da + 40 ° С) yanayin zafi, ana rage raguwar yawan pollen sosai.
Furanni maza da kansu kwana 1-2 da suka wuce, bayan wannan sun bushe.
Furen fure na mata yayi tsawon kwana 2. Idan ba su yi pollinated ba, suna riƙe da sabon bayyanar su kwanaki da yawa, yayin da launi na fure ya zama ƙasa mai haske. A cikin aiwatar da pollination, galibin fure mai fure da na maza suna da hannu ciki. Ana iya bambanta su da wasu furanni waɗanda suka yi fure a rana ɗaya ko fiye a baya, gwargwadon launi mai rawaya mai haske na kayan fure. Hakanan an samar da wasu (an (fruitsan) da dama daga uponan uponyan itãcen marmari daga fure furanni a ranar bayan buɗersu.
Yadda ake samun babban amfanin gona na kudan zuma pollinated cucumbers
Idan kudan zuma-pollinated matasan shine na nau'in fure na mace (watau, akwai fure fure na mace akan tsirrai), ko kuma nau'in fure na mata mafi yawa (tsire-tsire galibi furanni ne na mata, akwai flowersan furanni maza), ya zama dole a shuka 10-15% na pollinator don samun amfanin gona (don tsire-tsire na 9-10 na ainihin matasan, tsire-tsire 1 pollinator). Pollinators iri ne ko kuma hybrids na namiji irin fure, samar da babban adadin namiji fure a kan babban tushe da kuma a kaikaice harbe.
Pollination a cikin kokwamba na faruwa tare da taimakon kwari: ƙudan zuma, bumblebees, kwari, da tururuwa. Domin kwari pollinators tashi zuwa kananan-sized greenhouses, da rana (sanyin safiya) taga da kofofin da greenhouse an bar ajar.Don jawo hankalin kwari-pollinators zuwa cikin gidajen kaka, a yayin da ake yayyafa tsire-tsire a kan matsakaita sau 1-2 a mako tare da maganin shayarwa na zuma ko sukari mai girma (1 teaspoon a kowace lita na ruwa). Ana iya ƙara dropsan saukad da na ƙanshin mai a cikin maganin. Wani lokaci ana shuka tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin zuma tare da ƙanshin ƙanshi mai ƙarfi a cikin greenhouse: alissum, colza. A cikin ƙasa bude, a matsayin mai mulkin, pollinating kwari suna da yawa.
Cikakken bayani game da sabon salo da kuma nau'in kayan kayan lambu na zaɓi na kayan amfanin gona na Agrofirm "Manul", ana iya samun fasahar fasahar aikin gona a gidan yanar gizon: Tsarin haƙƙin kayan lambu na kayan lambu
