Hawthorn - ɗan itace ne ko ƙaramin itace tare da ƙaya, mallakar Rosaceae na dangi. Yana blooms a farkon lokacin rani (Mayu, Yuni) tare da ruwan hoda ko fararen furanni waɗanda ke haifar da wari mara kyau, da 'ya'yan itaciya (sun haɗu a watan Agusta, Satumba) suna da siffar m ko sifa da zaki, mai ɗanɗana haske.
Iri da nau'ikan hawthorn
Hawthorn na kasar Sin (cirrus) - Babban silar bayyanar wannan nau'in shine cikakkiyar rashin thorns. Kashi na sama na takardar yana da launin koren launi mai haske, daɗaɗɗen launi tare da ƙarshen nuna, kuma ƙananan sashin launi mai sauƙi.
Yana isa mita shida a tsayi, harbe-harbe matasa ba su da kwabo ko kaɗan ("tsirara"), yayin da akwati da tsoffin rassan suna da toka mai fashe. Inflorescences tare da diamita na har zuwa 8 cm suna da kimanin kananan furanni fari ashirin, waɗanda daga ƙarshe (a ƙarshen lokacin fure) suka sami launin ruwan hoda. Ja mai haske, tare da daskararren saman 'ya'yan itacen, suna da zagaye ko siffar m (kimanin 15 cm).
Kausar sanyi - bishiyoyi da tsirrai na wannan nau'in suna da tsayayyar sanyi. Itacen ya kai mita takwas a tsayi. A duhu duhu kambi kore (an rufe shi da jin murfi) ya samar da wata siffa mai siffar zobe siffar. Rnsayawan suna da bakin ciki, madaidaiciya (wani lokacin mai lankwasa), mai taushi mai laushi, launin ruwan kasa, har tsawon 9 cm
Ganyayyaki masu kyau suna da tushe mai ruɓewa kuma aƙalla nau'i-nau'i na ruwan wukake, nau'i mai siffa. Furannin furanni (2-3 cm a diamita) ana tattara su cikin inflorescences na 12-15 inji mai kwakwalwa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari (kimanin 2 cm tsayi) ana zanen su a cikin launuka masu duhu mai duhu da ɗimbin fari.
Hawthorn Maksimovich - mai suna bayan ɗan botanist na Rasha Karl Ivanovich Maksimovich. A tsayi, wannan nau'in hawthorn yakan tashi da mita 7. Gangar jikin da tsoffin rassan sun zama haushi a kan lokaci, kuma a farkon, harbe matasa ba su da kwalliya, suna da laushi. Spines a jikin bishiyar nan tana da wuya ko bata nan.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ƙananan, ba su fi 1 cm ba, zagaye. Da farko, akwai villi a saman 'ya'yan itacen, idan ya farfado, sai ya zama mai laushi, mai tsananin haske.
Hawthorn "Paul Scarlet" - itace ko itace (3-4 m tsayi), yana da fadi, mai yawa kuma ba kambin kampanin ba. Tsawon shekara guda, hawthorn yana tsawaita daga tsayi kusan cm 25 Wannan nau'in shine mafi yawan farashi. A rassan bushes suna da yawa strewn da kaifi biyu santimita spikes. A cikin kananan harbe, an rufe murfin tare da ja-kasa-gashi, a kan lokaci sun zama ja-ja.
Bar Bloom a farkon spring da kuma fada da sauri. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari (1-1.2 cm tsayi) na hawthorn na fata ne ko kuma m. Wannan nau'in da wuya yayi 'ya'yan itace. "Paul Scarlet" ana ɗaukarsa wani nau'in ado ne na hawthorn, ana shuka shi saboda kyawawan furanni. A sauƙaƙe yana yin hakki da shayarwa.
Hawthorn "Arnold" - Wannan ciyayi mai ƙayayuwa ne wanda ke da fasalin halayyar da ke bambanta shi da sauran wakilan wannan nau'in, wato: manyan saƙo, manyan kasusuwa (ƙwallan 9 cm tsayi), fruitsa fruitsan suna da dogon gashin fari a dadda.
'Ya'yan itãcen sun girma a baya fiye da sauran nau'ikan hawthorn, amma kuma sun faɗi da sauri. Idan ana aiwatar da haihuwa ta hanyar zuriya, to ana lura da fure ne kawai bayan shekaru 5-7, kuma idan an yi alurar riga kafi, to bayan shekaru 3-4.
Kawasaki kawasaki "Spienda" fasalin wannan hawthorn shine launi na ganye a launin rawaya-ja a cikin kaka. A tsayi, zai iya kaiwa mita 7. A cikin tsofaffin bishiyoyi, rassan gefen sun rataye, yayin da kambi ya samar da wani abu kamar tsarin bude. Yawo yana faruwa a watan Mayu ko Yuni na tsawon makonni biyu. A watan Satumba, zaku iya tsayar da cikakkiyar 'ya'yan itaciyar, wanda ke ci gaba har zuwa Disamba.
Hawthorn na yau da kullun (wanda kuma ake kira: farashi mai girma, jini ja, uwargida, boyar, yunwa, budurwa itace da sauran su.) - Wannan bishiyar ƙayayuwa ne ko itace 5-6 a tsayi. Inflorescences suna da yawa tare da fararen furanni. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kusan 1 cm a diamita, ja, zagaye, fure tare da farkon kaka.
Hawthorn Siberian ko jini ja ya girma biyu a cikin irin daji da itace. Spines na wannan nau'in ba kasafai ake shuka su ba, tsawon cm 4. Yana fara bada 'ya'ya bayan shekaru bakwai. The berries ne zagaye, jini ja.
Hawthorn karshkanin - Alama shine kasancewar kwayar kwaya daya kuma, sakamakon hakan, kashi ɗaya a cikin tayin. A cikin inflorescences na iya zuwa furanni 18. Spines yawanci ba su nan. Wasu wakilai kamar bishiyar bishiyar-hawthorn na iya tashi 17-19 m.
Tsarin Hawthorn da kulawa
An shirya murfin cikin abubuwan da ke gaba: masu turfy ƙasa, ciyawar duniya da humus (3: 1: 1). An bada shawara don ƙara 120-150 g na cikakken ma'adinan ma'adinai da kuma 150-200 g lemun tsami, a ko'ina ana rarraba su a ƙarshen ramin, guje wa hulɗa kai tsaye tare da tushen seedling. Tushen wuyansa na seedling ya kamata ya zama matakin ƙasan ƙasa. Bayan dasawa, dole ne a shayar da tsire-tsire sosai (lita 15 na ruwa).
An haɗa ƙaramin yanki na 15 cm a cikin rami mai dasawa Zai fi kyau shuka shuka da aka shirya a wuri mai ba da rana, don kyawawan furanni da cikakkiyar 'ya'yan itace.
Fertilizes hawthorn kafin fure (a cikin bazara) tare da dung soot.
Ana yin ruwa sau ɗaya a wata, amma yana da yawa, saboda haka kimanin lita 15 na ruwa kan faɗo ɗaya, idan yanayin ya bushe sosai, to ruwa sau da yawa a wata, duk yana dogara da yadda ƙasa ke bushewa da sauri.
Hawthorn dasawa
Yana yiwuwa a canza shi daga hawthorn ba daga baya ba yana da shekaru biyar, daga baya akwai babban haɗarin lalacewa ga tushen, tunda tsarin tushen yana daɗewa da kuma saɗaɗɗe, kuma kusan ba shi yiwuwa a tono irin wannan shuka gaba ɗaya. Don dindindin mazaunin seedlings ana shuka su ne aƙalla shekara biyu.
Ganyen hawthorn
Kula ya ƙunshi dacewar pruning na rashin lafiya, matacce kuma sun yi tsayi da yawa. Ana yin aski mafi kyau a cikin bazara. Kuna iya amfani da wannan shuka kamar shinge kuma ku ba nau'i daban-daban ta yankan. Lokacin girbi, ana cire ciyawa kuma ƙasa ta lalace. Amma lokacin tono ƙasa, kada kuci gaba zurfin cm cm 10.
Girbi hawthorn don hunturu
Don shirya magunguna daga hawthorn, ba 'ya'yan itace kawai ake amfani da su ba, saboda yana iya ɗauka a farkon kallo, har ma da furanni da haushi. Don tarin furanni, lokacin ƙarshen bazara ko farkon bazara ya dace kuma ana rana, ana zaɓar yanayin bushe. Bushewa ya fi kyau a bushe, wuri mai duhu.
'Ya'yan itãcen an girbe a cikin kaka, a wannan lokacin da ciyawar crumbles, kuma' ya'yan itãcen bayyane bayyane, dole ne a ripened. To, dole ne su bushe a cikin mai tsanani, amma ba murfin zafi ('ya'yan itatuwa da suka yi yawa sun rasa kadarorin warkarwa). Sannan a zuba a cikin jaka a ajiye a bushe, duhu. Don haka ana iya ajiye su har zuwa shekaru 7-8, yayin riƙe mai amfani.
Haɓakar zuriyar Hawthorn
Wannan hanyar ita ce wahala, tunda kwasfa na tsaba yana da kauri sosai kuma yana buƙatar sassauci (tsawon lokaci shine kusan shekara guda). Hakanan zasu iya tsiro na dogon lokaci (har zuwa shekaru biyu), kuma ba duka ba ne zasu iya toho, saboda yawancin tsaba babu komai.
An tattara tsaba na hawthorn ba cikakke ba ne kuma sosai na kwana uku a ruwa, sannan a goge da sandpaper ko yashi, sannan a kurkura. Sannan an sanya su a cikin kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na potassium nitrate na kwana biyu.
Yanzu ana iya yin layi a cikin ƙasa (ƙarshen faɗuwar rana). Dankin zai fara fitowa ne kawai a shekara ta biyu, kuma idan ya kai alamar tsayi na 60-65 cm, sai a yanke shi saboda akwai wasu ukun ukun da ke sama da tushe, kuma kada ya fi guda biyu.
Hawthorn yaduwa ta hanyar yanke itace
Tushen tare da kauri na aƙalla 2 cm an zaɓi, a yanka a cikin guda 10 cm kuma a haƙa cikin ƙasa a ɗan ƙaramin gangara, yayin da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarshen ya kamata ya zama matakin 2 cm. Shuka a cikin wuri mai dumuni, mai shinge (alal misali, a kori-kura). Kuna iya dasa duka biyu a cikin bazara da kaka.
Cutar da kwari
Kwayar cuta (mycelium tare da spores), abubuwan halittar naman gwari ne yake haifar da hakan powdery mildew. Ya bayyana, a matsayin mai mulkin, a farkon lokacin bazara. A wannan yanayin, ƙwaƙwalwar duhu tayi duhu tare da lokaci, ta bushe, kuma a ciki an sanya gawar fruita fruitan itace.
Tare da mummunan shan kashi, bushewa na ganyayyaki da bayyanar launin toka an lura, aibobi kuma suna bayyana akan bawo, harbe kuma ya lalace, ya juya.
- Jiyya: Ana yanke harbe-harben da ake shafawa, ana tattara ganyayyaki da suka faɗi, tunda ana adana naman gwari a ciki kuma yana iya sake lalata shuka. Bayan haɓaka sababbin ganye, an feshe hawthorn tare da Vectra, scor, shirye-shiryen cumulus. Tare da haɓaka mai ƙarfi na cutar, ana maimaita hanya, amma tare da tazara tsakanin makonni biyu.
Hankalin Ocher - Wani wuri a tsakiyar bazara, ƙananan aibobi launin ruwan kasa ba tare da iyaka sun bayyana akan ganyayyaki ba. Bar bushe fitar da fada prematurely.
- Jiyya: daukana ganyayyaki da dama na kaka da kuma fesawa bazara mai zuwa da bazara tare da cakuda Bordeaux kashi ɗaya, ƙwayoyin farin ƙarfe.
Haske launin ruwan kasa wurare masu launin ruwan kasa masu yawa (har zuwa 5-6 mm a diamita) akan ganye tare da iyaka. Bar ya fara bushewa.
- Jiyya: kama da ocher spotting.
Hankalin launin toka da yawa ƙananan launin toka mai duhu tare da duhu mai duhu a saman foliage.
- Jiyya: kama da ocher spotting.
Haske fari yana iya bayyana a tsakiyar bazara a cikin nau'i mai duhu launin shuɗi mai duhu, na tsawon lokaci, ana lura da haske mai ƙarfi, don haka ta kaka damannan sun zama fararen fata tare da iyakokin da aka ambata. Ganyayyaki masu illa sun fara jujjuya launin ruwan kasa, bushe bushe da faɗuwa.
- Jiyya: kama da ocher spotting.
Hawthorn da kaddarorin
Da fari dai, hawthorn ya ƙunshi fructose, saboda ana iya cin shi ta masu ciwon sukari, ƙari da akwai abubuwa da yawa masu aiki da abubuwa na rayuwa, bitamin, pectin mai yawa, wanda zai iya cire gishiri mai nauyi na ƙarfe da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa daga jiki.
Shiryayyen kayan ado na ganye yana inganta wurare dabam dabam na zuciya da kuma inganta aikin tsoka. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa amfani da hawthorn, a mafi yawan lokuta, ana ba da shawarar ga tsofaffi (idan babu contraindications daga likita halartar), wanda tare da shekaru rushe aikin zuciya, lalacewa ta hanyar rarraba jini a cikin tasoshin zuciya.
Hawthorn yana da amfani ga matasa, a lokuta inda zuciya take fuskantar matsananciyar damuwa bayan fuskantar mummunan cututtuka ko tsawan lokaci.
Ana amfani da kaddarorin magungunan ganyayyaki na hawthorn don bi da bile da hanta, ƙari, aikin thyroid an daidaita shi, kuma a wasu lokuta, ana lura da rage ƙarancin numfashi.
Cire hawan kuzari yana da tasiri mai yawa game da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. A decoction na haushi da matasa harbe na hawthorn taimaka tare da ƙarancin numfashi, menopause, dizziness, zawo.
Abunadari
Babu takamaiman dokar hana haihuwa, tunda hawthorn ba mai guba bane, kawai a wasu yanayi yakamata a cire shi, alal misali, tare da hypotension, bradycardia, idan an kara yawan jinin haila, haka kuma yayin daukar ciki da lokacin lactation.
Tincture na hawthorn
Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da hawthorn azaman tincture - wannan wataƙila magani ce mafi sauƙi, amma akwai sakewa - yana da rayuwar ɗan shiryayye. Ko da a cikin firiji, an adana tincture ba dare ba rana.
Saboda haka, an shirya shi a cikin rabo, lokaci daya. Wani abu, tinctures barasa, an adana su da yawa. Ana iya siyan tin tin na giya a kantin magani, ko zaka iya dafa shi da kanka.
'Ya'yan itacen tincture wanda aka shirya a cikin rabo na 25 g na berries da 100 g na barasa na likita (ko vodka) kuma ɗaukar 35-50 saukad da sau 3 a rana don mintina 15 kafin cin abinci.
Tincture na furanni Shirya ɗayan furanni don sassan biyu na giya, nace don makonni biyu da ɗaukar 35-40 saukad da sau 3 a rana mintina 15 kafin cin abinci.
Hawthorn Broth
Recipe don ƙirar fure ta hawthorn: Zuba tablespoon cokali guda na bushe tare da gilashin ruwan zãfi, bari ya sha don rabin sa'a, iri. Halfauki rabin gilashin sau uku a rana kafin abinci.
'Ya'yan itace girke-girke: Zuba tablespoon guda na berries a cikin thermos, zuba tafasasshen ruwa tare da gilashin daya, barin don sa'o'i 2-3, iri. 2-3auki 2-3 sau 3-4 sau a rana kafin abinci.
