Medvedka, ko kabeji na lambu shine ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin cutar kwari ta polyphagous na amfanin gona. Kwaro ya bazu ko'ina cikin Turai ta Federationungiyar Rasha, Caucasus da CIS. Kusan dukkanin amfanin gona kayan lambu (musamman ma seedlings), guna da kayan amfanin gona (dankali) sun lalace ta wannan polyphage. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, beyar yana zaune a wurare masu laushi, a kan hasken wuta mai kasa wanda ke da wadatar halitta. A kan tsiron ƙasa, ya fi son dung da takin tsiro, gadaje na rana tare da kayan lambu.
Arancin Gaske (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa). © David GENOUDBayanin beyar
Gwayar ta zama nau'in orthoptera ne. Launin launin duhu ne tare da canzawa zuwa ciki a cikin launi na zaitun. Tsawon kwaro da gashin baki da cerci (kayan adon fil fil a cikin bayan ciki) ya kai cm cm 8. Manyan idanu da kayan kiftawa na bakin ciki suna kan cephalothorax. Hannun gaba na gaba yayi kama da yayi kama da sifofin da aka siyo (kamar tawadar Allah). A baya akwai fuka-fukai masu ƙarfi da taushi, waɗanda a cikin yanayin dumin yanayi suna taimakawa tashi daga wuri zuwa wuri.
Yawan maza da mata
Mutanen da suka manyanta sun mamaye “ɗakuna”, waɗanda ke yin bayan ƙasar daskarewa (1.0-2.0 m) ko ɗora da tarin takin. Kwayoyin suna fitowa daga ɓarkewa yayin da ƙasa a cikin babban yadudduka ta kai + 8- + 10ºС. Yawan abinci mai gina jiki don abinci mai gina jiki da haifuwa bayan baccin hunturu ana lura da yanayin zafin rana + 12- + 15ºС. Babban wuraren kiwo shine taki, humus, takin. A daidai wannan lokacin, matar maharbi ta kasance mai shiga kuma ta shiga aikin ginin kasa mai gida wanda bai wuce 10-20 cm daga doron kasa ba. A lokacin bazarar 10-15 cm, tillage na iya rusa gidaje na beyar.
A cikin bazara, kafin fara aiki, ya wajaba a bincika gadaje na lambu.
Gida tare da qwai na bear bear. © naturguckerWurin da yake da beyar yana da sauki a tantance shi ta hanyar “dunƙulewa” wanda yake fitowa daga ƙasa a gefen hasken rana na gonar. A kusa da "kwari" spring ciyawa suna "mowed" by 20-30 cm domin mafi girma damar hasken rana zuwa gida. Idan ƙasa mai laushi ce, hanyoyin da suke kai wa zuwa gida suna bayyane bayyane, inda har zuwa qwai 400 masu girma. Qwai da beyar masu launin shuɗi-rawaya, kaɗan ƙarami fiye da fis. Ya danganta da yanayin, ci gaban tayi na kwana 10-25. A cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Mayu, larvae (nymphs) na bear, haske, launin ruwan kasa-launin shuɗi tare da farawar fikafikan, sun bar gida kuma suna fara ciyarwa da himma. Reminiscent na translucent datti mai kwari. Abincin larvae yana da yawa sosai: humus, earthworms, kwari na ƙasa, tsire-tsire (musamman ma seedlings m). A wannan lokacin girma da ci gaba, bears matasa na iya lalata kusan kashi 50 na tsirrai da albarkatu. A cikin haɓaka su, matasa mutane (nymphs) suna tafiya daga 5 zuwa 10 molts kafin su kai ga balaga. Lokacin haɗi da girma yana ɗaukar shekara guda zuwa biyu, gwargwadon yanayin muhalli. Kamar bears na manya, ƙuruciya matasa ba za su iya tsayayya da sanyi ba kuma suna zuwa zurfin zurfin mita 1-2 na hunturu, idan babu taki, tarin tsiro da sauran wuraren dumi a kusa. Bayan molt na biyar, mace tayi balaga ta hanyar jima'i kuma suna da ikon kiwo.
Hanyoyin da za a magance beyar
Matakan hanawa
Babban kasuwanci
- A cikin gona na mutum, ana buƙatar wani tsari don adanawa da fitar da taki da takin. Idan an zubar da taki a rukunin yanar gizo a cikin rikici, rarar abinci ta warwatse, to, beyar (da sauran kwari da cututtuka) sun haifar da ingantaccen yanayi don hunturu da kiwo.
- Taki da takin zamani sun fi dacewa su kawo cikin ƙasa bayan balaga. Idan gabatar da sabon taki ne ake hasashen, to ana jigilar shi zuwa gonar bayan an girbe shi kuma a sanya shi a cikin karamin inan matattara a cikin tsarin duba. A wannan yanayin, an haye gonar a ƙarshen kaka. Kafin yin tono, tarin tsiran yana da tarko, tsufa na bebi mai ƙwaya daga cikin sanyi an zaɓi, ciyawar ta warwatse ko'ina cikin shafin kuma ya haƙa har zuwa zurfin 25-30 cm.
- Garangwani “mai shaye ne” kuma baya jure kamshi mai daɗi da yake fitowa daga abinci. Ciki har da shi bai yi haƙuri da ƙanshi na tushen secretions na alder da ceri tsuntsu. Yawancin lokaci, kwaro yayi ƙoƙarin kada ya keta iyakokin maƙarƙashiyar, amma ƙanshi mai daɗin 'ƙanshi' yana sa ya bar mazaunin da wuri-wuri. Abubuwan da suke sanya maye a jikinta sune marigolds da calendula. Gadajen dankali, kayan kwai, da tumatir da aka shuka tare da irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba bears ya ziyarci wurin lokacin girma ba, suna zuwa wasu wurare.
Matasa larvae na beyar. Im Rimantas ViliusAgrotechnical
- Kulawa da kyau na lambun yana ba da damar aiwatar da m na asalin tushen fasahar aikin gona - lura da sauyawa al'adu. Daidai ne rarar amfanin gona wanda ke taimakawa aiwatar da duk ayyukan kulawa da tsirrai a cikin lokaci, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga raguwar adadin kwari a kowane yanki naúrar.
- Shredding of plant-girbi shuka tarkace, zurfin tono (a cikin yankuna na kudancin shi ne mafi alh withri tare da wani tafki na tafki), high quality-rani-rani-safiyar jiyya-sanya hanyoyin haifar da mutuwar har zuwa 70-90% na kasar gona da shuka kwari. Epaddamar da ƙasa mai zurfi (12-15 cm) jeri-layi yana da tasiri musamman ƙarshen ƙarshen Yuni, tunda ba su lalata ƙananan Tushen tsire-tsire da aka dasa ba, amma suna lalata hanyoyin sadarwa na wuraren hunturu na beyar kuma suna lalata ƙwai da larvae.
- A kan acidified ƙasa, gabatar da mai yawa ash a cikin furrows tare da dasa kewaye da hanyõyi tare da kwaro. Hankali! A tsaka tsaki da ƙasan alkaline, ƙara ash a cikin mai yawa ba da shawarar ba. Theara alkalinity na ƙasa yana hana amfanin gona da yawa kayan lambu.
- Yarda da tsarin ban ruwa ya ba da tsire-tsire tare da kyawawan yanayi don samuwar amfanin gona, yana ƙaruwa da juriya ga kwari. Yawancin danshi yana haifar da ƙaruwa sosai a cikin lambobin su.
- Duk matakan kariya dole ne a aiwatar dasu bisa ga hanyoyin haɓakar kwaro, gami da beyar. Kare wuri ko jinkirta ba zai samar da sakamako mai ma'ana ba. Mutane manya na iya mutuwa, amma samari masu karamin karfi (mutane 300-400 daga kowane gida) za su mamaye gonar.
Matakan aiki don magance beyar
A cikin yankuna masu zaman kansu, matakan abinci don sarrafa bera sune mafi kyawun magance ƙarshe. Wannan ya faru ne saboda lafiyar manya da yara, dabbobi, tsuntsaye da sauran mazauna wurin da ke iyakantaccen sarari na karamin yanki na shafin. Sabili da haka, tsarkake shafin kwari yana da kyau koyaushe a fara da matakan kariya na nazarin halittu. Zai fi kyau amfani da shirye-shiryen sunadarai a lokacin mulkin epiphytotic na rukunin yanar gizon by bear of all of age (3-5 sq.m a kowace murabba'in mita).
Kayayyakin halittu
An shirya shirye-shiryen halitta bisa ga rayuwa, ingantaccen ƙasa microflora wanda ba ya cutar da lafiyar iyali da dabbobi masu jin jini. An rarraba shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu zuwa rukuni 2: ramuwar gayya da share fiyayyun kwari.
Arancin Gaske (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa). Ré Jérémie LapèzeDaga kwarewata
Na yi shekaru fiye da 25 ina aikin gida na rani. A cikin shirin lambun, lura da sauyin al'adu, Na noma babban jerin kayan lambu da wasu albarkatu na shekaru. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ta samar da hanyoyin ta na ma'amala da beyar, wanda a yanzu hakan ba shi da mahimmanci a gonar.
Na yi amfani da maganin, Na yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Otmed. Kyakkyawan samfurin kayan masarufi dangane da ruwan ganyayyaki da ruwan gyada na cayenne, tsutsa, madara, man tafarnuwa, tar da kifin kifi. Kafin dasa shuki, na tsabtace ruwa mai ƙanshi a cikin 5 l na ruwa, tsoma tushen tushen kuma dasa al'adun. Bugu da ƙari, ciyayi ƙasa tare da bambaro ko wasu kayan haske waɗanda ke haifar da sarari mai sanyi a kusa da tsire-tsire. Daga ƙanshi mai sanyin sanyi da sanyi, beaarsan bears ba sa kusantar da saukake. Amma wannan magani kawai ya kange kwaro don 1 kakar.
Samfurin halittar Boverin yana da tsawon rai, tushen sa shine maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na Boveria. Ina saro maganin kashe kwari tare da ragowar tsoffin ƙwayoyin sunflower kuma ƙara cokali mai ƙanƙan a cikin man ƙanƙan ƙanana waɗanda ke kaiwa zuwa gida. Ciyar da kwari suna fitowa daga ciki. Idan bani da lokacin tattarawa, tsuntsaye ne suke cin su, kuliyoyi, shinge, ƙwayayen, gwoza ƙasa, tururuwa, shush. Daga maganin, dabbobi ba su mutu, amma suna iya yin rashin lafiya. Saboda haka, yana da kyau a tattara beyar.
Sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 3 Ina amfani da samfurin halitta na Rembek. Abun da ya ƙunsa na ɗan adam da sauran masu jin daɗin cutar ba shi da lahani. Ayyukan mai tasiri yana ɗaukar kwanaki 25-30 kawai, don haka a lokacin haɓaka girma kana buƙatar sake maimaita hanya, musamman tare da marigayi da maimaita tsire-tsire. Na yayyafa ƙasa a kewayen shuka tare da shiri (a zahiri 'yan hatsi). Lokacin da ake sake amfani da ni, na aikata a wata hanya dabam: Na ciyar da furrow tare da zurfin 5 cm, dan kadan moisturize, yayyafa shirye-shiryen zuwa ƙasa kuma ya rufe shi da wani ƙasa mai ƙima (ba fiye da cm ba). Saka kayan abinci yana lalata beyar duk shekaru.
Kwanan nan, sabon samfurin samfurin "Kurkliai" ya bayyana. Wannan kwayar halitta ba ta da kariya ga muhalli; idan aka shigar da ita cikin gona, to ta lalata bear da larvarta ba tare da cutar da muhalli ba.
A gida tare da larvae na beyar. Spring Nigel SpringChemical
Idan bears ya mamaye lambun kuma matakan muhalli basu kawo sakamakon da ake tsammani ba, dole ne a ɗauki matakan tsattsauran ra'ayi. Theungiyar masana'antar sunadarai tana ba da jerin manyan magunguna waɗanda ke kashe beyar. Wadannan sun hada da magungunan Thunder, Prestige, Medvetox-U, Phenaxin +, Karbofos, Aktara, Aldrin da sauransu. Hanyoyin yin amfani da kwayoyi suna da halaye na kansu, wanda yawanci ana ba da umarnin a kan maganin ƙwayar, amma ƙarshen sakamako ɗaya ne - mafi yawan adadin kwari ya mutu a cikin al'amari na kwanaki ko makonni.
Don haka, don kare barkono Bulgarian, tumatir, eggplant, kabeji, suna yawanci amfani da shirye-shiryen Aktara, daga kowane ɗayan kowane shekaru suna mutuwa a cikin awanni 1.5-2.0. Ana shirya maganin aiki don tsire-tsire masu sarrafawa a cikin adadin 1.5 g / 1 l na ruwan dumi.
Don dankali, da tumatir da kabeji, zaku iya amfani da "Medvetoks-U", waɗanda suke yin furzuran da aka yi tsakanin layuka tsakanin 3-5 cm. Daga sama, an rufe furrow tare da karamin Layer na kasar gona da rijiya mai laushi (ba tare da ambaliyar ruwa ba).
Dakatarwa "Prestige" yana da kewayon aikace-aikace. Magungunan yana magance tushen kowane tsiro. Tushen Seedling kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa zai iya tsayayya da sa'o'i 2-3 a cikin bayani (10 ml / 1 l na ruwa) martaba.
Kamshi mai ƙanshi na ɗanɗano phenoxin + musamman mata suke so. Suna ƙoƙarin kusantar da gida a cikin abinci mai daɗi. Bayan cinye maganin, kwari suna mutuwa. Ana amfani da Phenoxin + don aikace-aikacen a cikin furrows ko cikin ɓacin rai a cikin taki, humus, takin. Dole ne a rufe Granules da ƙasa. Idan ba a yi amfani da su don manufar da aka nufa ba, sannu a hankali suna narkar da ƙasa ba tare da lahani ba.
Arancin Gaske (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa). Block Andrew TarewaCooking guba baits
Ina amfani da gubar guba sau ɗaya a cikin kowane shekaru 4-5, sannan na juya ga hanyoyin kariya da aka bayyana a sama (duba sashin "daga kwarewata)". Na shirya ƙura mai guba kamar haka. Ina dafa kilogiram na 2 na alkama har sai dafaffen rabin, mai sanyi, ƙara metaphos ko 1-2 ampoules "BI-58", ƙara 2-3 tablespoons (zai fi dacewa da ƙanshi na gida) man sunflower. Mix sosai. A cikin gonar, bayan 50 cm, Ina yin furrows 3-5 cm mai zurfi tare da ko'ina. Nakan watsar da ƙugar a hankali cikin huhun gilashi tare da safofin hannu in rufe shi da ƙasa na cm cm 2-3 Idan shasshin ya bushe, yalwa da rafi na bakin ciki daga magudanan ruwa. A karo na farko da na aikata wannan aikin, na tattara rabin kwanon ruɓi 5 na dabbobin da suka girma. A wannan shekara - 'yan guda.
Tuna! Dukkan sinadarai suna da guba sosai. Kar ku manta ɗaukar matakan kariya na mutum (gown, safofin hannu, goggles, headgear, respirator ko rigar daɗaɗɗa da yawa) lokacin aiki. Bayan aiki tare da magungunan kashe qwari, kuna buƙatar yin wanka da canzawa zuwa sababbin tufafi.
Arancin Gaske (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa). Nt Laurent SchwebelHanyar mutane da yawa na yakar beyar
An ba da adadi da yawa da ake kira hanyoyin jama'a a shafuka kuma a cikin takaddun bayanan da suka dace. Ba dukansu suna da tasiri ba, wasu basa bada sakamako kwata-kwata. Idan kuna buƙatar sakamako, to kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan "al'adun" beyar. Suna da sha'awar ƙanshin barasa. Don haka:
- tanki da giya mai tsami a cikin makircin zai zama tarko mai kyau,
- Gilashin gilashin lita 2-3 tare da wuyan fadi, mai daga ciki (a cikin yankin buɗe wuya) tare da zuma, zai jawo hankalin bear da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Zaku iya zuba dan wuta kadan mai haske a kasa. Sanya kwandon ya zube tare da ƙasa, rufe shi da karamin ciyawa da ciyawar rabin rabin. Ya faɗi ƙasa na can, beyar ba zai iya fita ba.
Ba sa yin haƙuri da ƙanshi na wasu ganye da ƙwayoyin fure. Dasa tsakanin amfanin gona (dankali, tumatir, eggplant), calendula, marigolds, chrysanthemums, tsoratar da beyar, kazalika da rarraba tushen sirrin.
Passididdigar shuki kayan lambu, idan kun sami beyar, zaku cika ruwa mai soapy wanda aka shirya daga sabin wanki ko kayan wanki. Choking, bearan beyar yayi nishi zuwa saman ƙasa. Tare da tarin lokaci, suna da sauƙin lalata.
Zaku iya yayyafa busasshen kaji a bushe. Arsaarsan Bears ba su yi haƙuri da ƙanshi, sun bar.
