Irin misalin melaleuka (itacen shayi) yana da alaƙa kai tsaye ga dangin myrtle. Ya haɗu da kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan bishiyoyi 200 da bishiyoyi. A cikin yanayi, ana iya samun su a Indonesia, New Caledonia, Australia, Papua New Guinea, da kuma a cikin Malasiya.
Takaddun ganye masu sauƙi suna da lanceolate ko siffar ƙetare, kuma suna kan ƙananan harbe a mafi yawan lokuta kuma. Wasu nau'ikan basu da petioles kwata-kwata, yayin da wasu gajeru. Ana tattara furanni masu kamshi a maƙarƙasarar inflorescences, suna da siffar ƙwallo ko silinda, sun yi kama da bayyanar faranti ko goga. Kwarewar ilimin inflorescences shine kowane ɗayansu ya ci gaba da sabon haɓaka. Furen yana kunshe da stamens, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin bunches 5. Itatuwansa na fadi lokacin da dazuwar fure ta fara. Lokaci zuwa lokaci, karfi, rufewar capsules ya bayyana akan shafin furanni, a ciki wanda akwai iri. Wadannan capsules suna matsi sosai ga rassan.
Irin wannan tsire-tsire ba wai kawai yana da inflorescences na wani sabon abu ba, har ila yau, yana da haushi mai laushi, fentin a cikin inuwar launi mai haske. Akwai wasu nau'ikan da ke da bakin ciki, manyan manyan ƙuraje, haushi, shi yasa ake kiran itacen shayi da sunan Paperbark itacen.
Kuma waɗannan bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire masu magani ne, wanda magungunan hukuma suka gano a farkon karni na 20. A kowane bangare na shuka akwai mayuka masu mahimmanci a adadi mai yawa, waɗanda ke lalata kwayoyi, ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi.
Shawar itacen shayi a gida
Wannan inji ba sosai capricious kuma ana iya girma sosai a gida. Koyaya, don fure mai fure na yau da kullun, dole ne a samar da itacen shayi tare da yanayin mafi dacewa.
Cakuda ƙasa
Asan da ta dace ya kamata ya zama ɗan acidic ko tsaka tsaki da kwance kwance. Don shirya kai na cakuda ƙasa mai dacewa, ya wajaba don haɗa ƙasa sod, peat da yashi a cikin rabo na 1: 2: 1. Lokacin dasa shuki mai kyau melaleuki, kuna buƙatar ƙara yawan yashi.
Taki
Dole ne a dasa tsire a lokacin girma sosai sau 2 a wata. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin gargajiya don tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
Yadda ake ruwa
A cikin daji, itaciyar shayi ta fi son girma a kan bankunan kogin, har ma da wuraren lalatattu. A wannan batun, dole ne a shayar da ruwa sosai. Idan muka kyale cikakken bushewar ƙasa, to, shuka, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya mutu. Amma bai kamata a ba shi damar yin tururuwa a cikin ƙasa ba, saboda wannan na iya tayar da tushen tushen sa.
Don ban ruwa amfani da ruwa kafaffen ruwa. Don laushi ruwa mai wuya, lambu mai gogewa ya ba da shawara ƙara ɗan acetic ko citric acid a ciki.
Tare da hunturu mai sanyi, kuna buƙatar shayar da shuka ɗan ƙasa kaɗan. Don haka, ana yin ruwa bayan saman Layer na substrate dan kadan ya bushe.
Haushi
Ana buƙatar zafi mai zafi. Don haɓaka shi, ana buƙatar spraying na zamani (musamman a kwanakin rani mai zafi). Hakanan, don ƙara danshi a cikin kwanon rufi, zaku iya zuba lãka da aka faɗaɗa kuma ku zuba ruwa.
Haske
Yana buƙatar haske mai haske, amma daga tsakar rana kai tsaye yana buƙatar girgiza shi. Ya kamata hasken rana ya zama na awanni 12, kuma matakin haske - 6000-7800 lux. Idan babu isasshen haske, to, dole ne a haskaka shuka da phytolamps na musamman. A yayin da itacen shayi yake kama hasken duk shekara, yana iya maimaita fure a cikin hunturu. Idan babu haske kaɗan, to, harbe-harben ya zama elongated, kuma wani ɓangare na ganye ya faɗi.
Yanayin Zazzabi
Idan ba a samar da haske ga shuka ba, to lallai lokacin sanyi zai yi sanyi (kimanin digiri 10). A lokacin rani, melaleuka yana jin daɗi ko da a cikin yanayin zafi ne, duk da haka, hasken rana kai tsaye na rana zai iya barin ƙonewa a cikin ƙoshin.
Turawa
Ana buƙatar pruning na zamani. Za'a iya ba da daji kowane irin tsari, sannan kuma a sanya shi a itace ko ciyawa. Hakanan, a lokacin pruning, zaka iya cire rassan da suka riga faduwa, saboda kwalaye iri na sakamakon kwatankwacin fitowar shuka.
Dole ne a yanke matasa plantlets. Domin daji ya zama reshe mafi kyau, an yanka a tsayin 10 cm. Bayan haka, kowane sabon tushe ya kamata a girbe shi har sai kun cimma saƙar da ake so.
Siffofin Juyawa
Yayin da itacen shayi yana ƙarami, dole ne a sake haɗa shi sau ɗaya a shekara, yayin da ake zaɓin tukunya mafi girma a diamita fiye da wanda ya gabata. An ba da samfuran tsofaffi ga wannan hanya kamar yadda ya cancanta, alal misali, lokacin da tushen ba su dace da tukunya ba. Ba za ku iya canzawa cikin wani tukunya ba, amma kawai yanke tushen tsarin kuma maye gurbin saman Layer na substrate.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Wannan shuka za a iya yaduwa ta tsaba, kazalika da lignified shekara-shekara cuttings. Tsaba suna sauƙaƙe a kan ƙasa mai laushi, alhali ba sa buƙatar zurfafa. Sa'an nan kuma an rufe ganga da gilashi kuma a sanya shi a wuri mai kyau. Ana iya ganin harbe-harbe na farko bayan kaɗan fiye da mako guda, amma idan zafin jiki ya kasa da digiri 20, zai iya ɗaukar makonni 4. Da farko, haɓakar seedling yana da matuƙar jinkirin kuma yawancin tsire-tsire matasa na iya mutuwa. Itace mai shayi wanda aka girma daga zuriya na farko a cikin shekara ta 6 na rayuwa.
Semi-lignified cut na iya samun tsawon 6 zuwa 8 santimita. Kuna iya tushen su duka a cikin ƙasa da gilashin ruwa. Don haɓaka dama na tushen, zaka iya amfani da kayan aikin da ke ƙarfafa haɓaka tushe.
Cutar da kwari
Mafi sau da yawa, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo za su zauna a kan shuka mai girma a ɗaka, amma mealybugs powdery na iya farawa. Don lalata su, ya zama dole don aiwatar da magani tare da magungunan kwari masu dacewa. Misali, zaku iya ɗaukar Akarin, Actellik ko Fitoverm.
Mafi sau da yawa, da shuka ba shi da lafiya saboda take hakkin dokokin kulawa. Don haka, yana iya faduwa da dukkan ganye ko kuma ya ƙone akan sa daga hasken rana kai tsaye, tushen tsarin rots ko itacen shayi gaba ɗaya ya mutu.
Ya kamata ku sani! Za'a iya samun sauƙin ƙwayar melaleuka tare da leptospermum mai tsoro (kuma ana kiranta manuka ko itacen shayi na New Zealand). Don haka, galibi ana amfani da hotunan wani don bayanin kwatancin ɗaya. Haƙiƙa suna kama da ganye, amma furanninsu gabaɗaya ne. Hakanan, waɗannan tsire-tsire sun bambanta a aikace-aikace da kaddarorin. A wannan batun, lokacin shirya wasu nau'in potion na jama'a, yana da mahimmanci don gano ainihin wane tsire-tsire ake nufi.
Babban nau'ikan
Don narkar da gida, ana zaɓi mafi yawan jinsunan masu zuwa.
Melaleuca alternifolia (Melaleuca alternifolia)
Ko kuma itacen shayi na Australiya - wannan nau'in galibi ana girma a gida. Plantan asalin ƙasa daga arewa maso gabashin Australia. Wannan karamin itace ne, wanda halayyar jinkirin haɓakawa da ganye mai faɗi ƙanƙanta ta girma, waɗanda suke da alaƙa da sikirin spruce. A tsayin daka, sun kai santimita 1-3.5, kuma a faɗin - kimanin 1 milimita. Yana toshe daga ƙarshen bazara zuwa farkon lokacin bazara, yayin da furanni yake yalwatacce. Snow-white dense inflorescences a tsawon kai 3-5 santimita, kuma daga waje suna kama da ƙananan goge-furen cylindrical.
Melaleuka diosmolistny (Melaleuca diosmifolia)
Ko myrtle na koren zuma shima yana daya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan a cikin aikin lambu na gida. Ya yi fice daga Yammacin Australiya. Wannan karamin shuki yana da ƙananan (kusan 1 centimita tsayi) ganye kore. Suna located a kan mai tushe sosai tam a karkace, yayin da ciwon m siffar. An tattara furanni na lemo-lemo cikin ƙananan (har zuwa 5 santimita a tsayi) inflorescences a cikin siffar Silinda, waɗanda ke kan gajeriyar a kaikaice. Frowa tayi daga ƙarshen bazara har zuwa farkon lokacin kaka.
Flax Melaleuka (Melaleuca linariifolia)
Wannan tsire-tsire na asalin yankin gabashin gabas ne na New South Wales da South Queensland. Itace itacciyar bishiyar bishiyar fari, wacce tayi fice a hankali. Ganye-mai launin toka mai zuwa kamar lilin. A cikin tsayi, sun kai daga 2 zuwa 4.5 santimita, kuma a faɗin - har zuwa 4 millimita. A lokacin rani, furanni sun fara girma a cikin shuka, wanda ke da kamannin yanayin tsuntsayen tsuntsaye. An tattara su a cikin gajeren dusar ƙanƙara-fari (har zuwa 4 santimita a tsayi) inflorescences, wanda yayi kama da kwanon rufi. Saboda yawan furanni, wanda a lokacin da furanni ke rufe shuka kusan gabaɗaya, a wasu ƙasashen da ke magana da Ingilishi ana kuma kiranta da dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin rani, wanda ke nufin "Tsararren kankara". A cikin ciyawar cikin gida, dusar kankara da yawa ta shahara sosai, wacce itace nau'in dwarf flaxseed melaleuki.
Melaleuca kyawawan (Melaleuca pulchella)
Ko kuma Myrtle zuma mai laushi (Claw Honey myrtle) - asalinsa daga Yammacin Ostiraliya. Itace itaciyar yar iska mai rarrafewa. Ganyen duhunta mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-kadan-kadan, don haka sun kai tsawon milimita 2-6. Furen furanni-shunayya, da ke da siffar sabon abu, ana tattara su cikin mafi ƙarancin inflorescences. Furann suna da rukunoni 5 na dogayen tsummoki waɗanda aka haɗa su tare, waɗanda ke kusa da kabarin. Siffar fure tana lanƙwasa ciki saboda haka ga alama cewa a gabanku yatsu ne waɗanda ke yatsu a hanun matan. Domin wannan itaciya ana kiranta fure mai fila (Claw flower).
Melaleuca nesophila (Melaleuca nesophila)
Ko kuma ruwan zuma mai shadda ruwan hoda (Raunin Myrtle na Nuna) - wurin haifuwar wannan tsayi shine Yammacin Ostiraliya. Ganyen launin toka-ganye a tsawon ya kai santimita 2. Ana tattara furanni na Lilac-ruwan hoda a cikin ƙananan (har zuwa 3 santimita a diamita) inflorescences, suna da siffar ƙwallon ƙwal. Ana lura da yawo daga ƙarshen bazara zuwa tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Musamman shahara shi ne iri-iri "Little Nessy" (Little Nessie) - dwarf shrubs m.
A cikin shagunan abinci na musamman zaku iya siyan wasu nau'ikan itacen shayi iri ɗaya.
