Mun sanya gonar pear, wasu fasalolin dasa shuki

Yawan rayuwa, cigaba, lokaci zuwa shigar itace, yawan aiki da tsawon rai daga itacen ya dogara ne akan ingantaccen tsiro.

Zai fi kyau dasa pear a cikin bazara, kodayake ana yin karɓar dasawar bazara. Ya kamata a aiwatar da dasa shuki bayan ganye sun faɗi, kuma ya wajaba a gama su kafin farkon yanayin zafi.

Tare da dasa shuki, mafi kyawun lokaci shine shekaru na uku na Afrilu. Ana shirya ramin rami daga kaka ko bazara, kwanaki 7-10 kafin dasa shuki.

Tsarin dasa shuki don pear a kan tsayin daka mai tsawon 4 × 6 m. Shuka bishiyoyi cikin ramuka, ƙasa da yawa a cikin ramuka. Tushen aiki mai amfani da pear a kan tushen katako mai tsayi suna kasancewa a zurfin 60-80 cm.

Digging rami, kasar gona ta sama, kusan zuwa zurfin shebur, ana hado ta bangare daya, kuma denser da karancin m na kasan yadudduka - a daya. Atasa a ƙasan ramin da aka toya yana da kyau kuma an kakkarye gungume mai ƙarfi na wannan tsayin daka zuwa tsakiyar saboda ɓangaren na sama ya kai farkon reshe na kambi na seedling.

A daren Hawan shuka, kasar da aka cire daga ramin dole ne a wadatar ta da takin mai magani kuma a sake sanya su cikin ramin. Da farko, ana ƙara takin gargajiya zuwa ƙasa - ciyawar tumatir, peat, takin. Wadannan takin zamani ba wai kawai suna dauke da abubuwan gina jiki da yawa ba ne kawai don shuka, har ma suna inganta tsarin kasar gona: yumbu mai nauyi yana sa ya zama iska ga iska, kuma yashi mai yashi yana riƙe da danshi. Bugu da ƙari ga takin gargajiya, phosphorus-potash, takin ma'adinai kuma, idan ƙasa ta kasance acidic, an kara lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa da aka yi niyya don sake rami. Duk wannan ya hade sosai.

Kafin sauka, da ramin dole ne a cike da baki. Ana zuba ƙasa a cikin tsakiyar ta don ƙirƙirar tuddai. An sanya seedling a kan wannan tudun a gefen gungumen arewa. Lokaci mai mahimmanci a wannan lokacin shine ƙaddara zurfin saukowa. Ya kamata a dasa itaciyar domin bayan dasa, tushen wuyansa ya zo daidai da ƙasa. Don yin wannan, yawanci tushen wuyan sabon itacen da aka dasa ya zama 4-5 cm sama da matakin ƙasa. Don kada a kuskure, kafin sauka a gefen ramin sai su sanya katako ko kuma matakalar shebur kuma a sa alama a matakin gungumen. Sedimentation na kasar gona ya dogara da na inji abun da ke ciki, a kan yawa daga cikin rami shiryawa, a kan adadin takin gargajiya wanda ya mamaye sosai a lokacin bazuwar.

Tushen tushe shine wurin da tushe yake zuwa tushen. Anan, launi canzawa daga launin ruwan kasa-kasa-da-shuɗi na kara zuwa mafi haske na tushen a bayyane bayyane. Amma sau da yawa yan lambu suna rikitar da tushen wuya tare da shafin alurar riga kafi, wanda zai iya zama mafi girma akan kara.

Smallarancin dasa shuki yana kaiwa ga fallasa asalin bayan kabarin ƙasa da bushewarsu. Tare da dasa zurfi, musamman akan yumɓu na yumɓu, bishiyoyi suna girma da talauci kuma suna iya mutuwa.

Za'a iya gyara babban dasa ta hanyar ƙara ƙasa. Zai fi wahala tare da saukowa mai zurfi, kodayake ana iya gyara wannan matsala. Don yin wannan, a cikin kaka ko bazara, a gefe ɗaya, a nesa na 30-50 cm daga gangar jikin, ana yanke Tushen. Daga gefe guda, itaciyar a hankali yana tashi tare da taimakon levers, kuma sakamakon da ya ɓata a ƙarƙashin tushen yana cike da ƙasa. Koyaya, irin wannan aikin yana cin nasara ne kawai a cikin kananan bishiyoyi.

Zai fi dacewa a dasa itace tare. Tare da hannun hagu yana sanya seedling a kan ƙwanƙwasa, saita shi a tsayin da ake so, kuma tare da hannun dama yana shimfiɗa Tushen a cikin kwatance daban-daban. Wani ya cika Tushen da ƙasa kwance.

Mafi mahimmancin buƙata lokacin dasa shine a cika dukkan sarari tsakanin tushen tare da ƙasa kuma a tabbata cewa ya yi daidai da tushe. Itace dan girgiza dan kadan domin duniya ta farka mafi kyau tsakanin asalin sa. Thrownasar da aka jefa zuwa tushen an murƙushe ta da ƙafa. Ya kamata a dasa itaciyar sosai da ba tare da gagarumin ƙoƙari ba za a iya fitar da ita.

A kusa da kara a iyakar ramin, an shimfiɗa ƙasa, saboda haka yana samar da rami don ban ruwa. Shayar nan da nan bayan dasa a cikin kudi na biyu da uku buckets da shuka. Watering wajibi ne ba kawai don moisten kasar gona, amma har don hazo da mafi kyau Fit zuwa asalinsu. Bayan ruwa, da'irar akwati an mulched. An ɗaure itace a kan gungume. Ana yin gerter a cikin sifa guda takwas, mai rauni, ba tare da jan gangar jikin kusa da gungume ba.

Darasin aikin lambu

• Don dasa shuki, seedlings-seedling biyu sun fi dacewa. A cikin shekaru biyu da shekaru seedlings, kambi yakan ƙunshi jagorar harbi kai tsaye da kuma rassa uku zuwa huɗu ingantattun rassan lafiya waɗanda aka ɗora akan sa, a ko'ina aka rarraba su kuma suna jagoranta ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
• Idan seedlings suna ɗan ɗanɗana bushewa, kafin dasa shuki, ya kamata a saukar da tushen sa zuwa cikin ruwa na kwana ɗaya, kuma idan sashin da ke sama ya bushe, an tumɓuke seedlings cikin ruwa har tsawon kwana ɗaya zuwa kwana biyu.
• Haka ma, wannan bu mai kyau zuwa jiƙa tushen rashin lafiya, da seedlings lafiya kafin dasa shuki cikin ruwa ko a cikin wani bayani mai ruwa-ruwa na ƙasa da mullein - a cikin abin da ake kira talker - na rana daya.
  Kafin dasa, ana cire ganye daga shuka. Gaskiyar ita ce ganyayyaki suna ci gaba da fitar da danshi, kuma tushen tsarin seedling baya aiki a wannan lokacin.
• Lokacin dasa manyan seedlings tare da ganye, yana da mahimmanci don rage ƙaura daga rassan gajarta. Don yin wannan, saka jakar m akan kowane reshe kuma ɗaure shi a saman, in ba haka ba rassan zasu overheat a rana. Wannan dabara tana ƙaruwa da darajar ƙwayar cuta.
• Ya kamata ka sa sabo, ba overripe taki a kasan ramin, wanda ba ya decompose na dogon lokaci kuma zai iya haifar da cutar seedling.
• Lokacin sayen takin don pears, kula da lakabin, wanda ya jera abubuwan abubuwan da ke ciki, yayin da babban darajar shine cobalt, molybdenum da boron.

Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su:

• Isaeva Irina Sergeevna - Likita na Kimiyyar aikin gona, mai aikin gado na gado, masanin kimiyya ne. Jagoran kanun lambun a cikin shahararrun jaridu na tsakiya da yanki da mujallu. Gardenwararren mai aikin gona ne wanda ke da alaƙar haɗin kai tare da lambu mai son a duk faɗin ƙasar. Memba na Ilimin Kimiyya na Cibiyar Kula da Aikin Noma na Moscow (VSTISiP), memba na kwamitin edita na jaridar "Garden".