Kotovnik asalin halittar ganye ne daga dangin Yasnotkovye, yana da nau'ikan 250, wanda aka samu fiye da 80 a cikin Tarayyar Rasha - mafi yawa a cikin tsaunukan tsaunukan Transcaucasia da Tsakiyar Asiya. Wannan bishiyar sanannen sanannen itace don ƙanshi na musamman wanda ke jan hankalin wakilai na gidan cat, har ma da kaddarorin warkarwa.
Yawan nau'ikan Cattleman da nau'in halitta
Kayan cat mutanen da aka yiwa lakabi da "catnip." Ana iya fadada rasuwarsa a tsayinsa zuwa 40-100 cm, yana da kullin launin toka. Fushin da aka nuna gaba yana kuma habba. Furanni na inflorescences a cikin nau'i na farin goge masu launin shuɗi suna cike da kananan aibobi masu launin shuɗi. Daga garesu akwai kamshi mai daɗi, mai kama da na lemun tsami, wanda kuliyoyi basa da ƙima kamar na Valerian.
A cikin Rijistar Jiha akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 2 irin wannan. Ofayansu shine catnip basilio, wanda aka fasalta ta hanyar jan tsana, da aka harba, daɗaɗɗen kusurwa uku-tare da geffuna masu ƙima da ƙamshin mai daɗi.
Shanun lemun tsami Ya bambanta da wasu cikin sharuddan ƙamshi mai daɗin yaji da ƙamshi mai ma'ana da kuma '' ƙonawa ''. Yawancin lokaci, tsayinsa yakai 40-60 cm, amma wasu samfurori zasu iya kaiwa zuwa cm 150. Dukansu matattatu masu siyayyun matsi da kuma harbe kuma suna narkarda, ƙarshen yayi kama da sifar.
Yankunan aikace-aikacen wannan shuka suna da fadi - ana amfani dashi don samin ingancin abinci mai tsafta da abin sha mai taushi, a matsayin dandano da kamshi, a turare da magani. Babban ingancin maganin rigakafi na lemun tsami kayan masarufi mai mahimmanci a cikin yaƙi da ƙira da fungi an tabbatar dashi.
Kotovnik Mussini yana da ƙananan haɓaka (ba fiye da 20 cm ba) idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in, amma yana da girma. Ganyayyaki masu kamshi suma sun sha bamban - sunada yawa, da kuma zuciya. Lavender-blue color ne halayyar lebe-dimbin yawa, wanda aka tattara a rassan, inflorescences.
Tsarinsa shine Fassen's catnip (ko kyankyasar kyanwa) tsayi da fure mai yawa tare da launi na lavender, duk da haka, wannan za'a iya faɗi game da namo a tsakiya da kudanci. Tsawon girma fassen zai iya wuce 50 cm.
A iri iri iri fassena masu tafiya low Fushin yana da ƙananan, kunkuntar, jagged, da ƙananan furanni na launuka masu launi na Lilac waɗanda suke da ƙyalƙyali masu fasali.
Majiya Siberian (ya - kama babban-flowered), mai suna bayan placesan asalin wuraren haɓaka, yana da madaidaiciya harbe 60-100 cm tsayi tare da farfajiyar ƙananan gashin glandular. Ganyen wannan nau'in yana da zurfin-lanceolate, dentate ko serrate a gefuna. An sako tassels na inflorescences na zane da shunayya.
Kayan lambu
Wakilin tsire-tsire ne mai ɗanɗano. Bushesasussuwan 40-centimita suna kama da za su cika tare da bitamin C, carotene, salts ma'adinai da sauran abubuwa masu amfani (wanda aka samo a cikin ganye da matasa mai tushe). Erialashin sararin sama yana da dandano mai ƙanshi, kuma ƙamshin lemon tsami yana ci yayin bushewa. Yarinya na yaduwa ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin shirye-shiryen salads, kifi da nama, 'ya'yan itace da aka yi amfani da su, don shayi, da kanwa da ƙari.
Rajista na jihar ya ƙunshi iri-iri catnip kayan lambu centaur tare da farin furanni samar da ƙarya whorl a cikin babba na kara, triangular-ovoid lokacin farin ciki, dan kadan wrinkled, succulent, pubescent foliage na mai launi-kore launi.
Ɗan ƙasar Hungary mai kiwon dabbobi 50-120 cm tsayi tare da maƙewa mai ƙarfi na fure a saman da kuma biyunly pubescent ganye yana da mafi kyawun launi na inflorescences wanda aka haɗa da kore mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi ko farin ruwan hoda. An samo shi a cikin daji a cikin Rasha (ɓangaren Turai, yamma da gabas na Siberiya), Carpathians na Yukren, Crimea a cikin wuraren kiwo, gefuna da budewar kantuna.
Dabbobi masu ƙarfi a cikin shagunan wakilcin sa catnip shuɗin magana. Wannan iri-iri ne halin da furanni da yawa da tsawo (duk lokacin rani), a lokacin da gonar ke rufe da tassels na shuɗi inflorescences da launin shuɗi-kore leafy magana. Growtharancin haɓaka (25 cm) na wannan nau'in ya ba da damar yin amfani da shi azaman murhun ƙasa.
Catman na Caucasus 60-65 cm tsayi fure a cikin shuɗi da shuɗi a watan Mayu-Agusta. Wannan wani nau'in halitta ne na masassara mai ɗimbin yawa da Mussini, mai wadataccen mai. Ana amfani da ganyensa a cikin shirye-shiryen toas teas.
Cattleman suna tseren keketh 15-40 cm tsayi fure a ruwan hoda, fararen, shuɗi furanni. a watan Yuni-Satumba. Musamman na ado cikin sharuddan launuka iri-iri, wanda, haɗe tare da ɗan gajeren salo da sifa mai kama da matashin kai, kawo shi zuwa cikin abubuwan da aka fi so a cikin abubuwan haɗawar Alpine.
Cattleman dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin filin ƙasa
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don kula da catnip sun sauko don ba shi zafi da danshi. Wannan perennial yana da ikon rayuwa a cikin rukunin yanar gizo tsawon shekaru, amma zai iya yin alfahari da mafi girman da ake samu don shekaru 2-3 bayan dasa. Don jeri, duka gadaje da lambun fure sun dace.
Doguwar hutu a wadatar danshi ba matsala ce ta kama khalifa, kamar yadda, hakika, canjin zafin ya ke. Amma yana da matukar talauci mai dangantaka da waterlogging na kasar gona, sabili da haka, a karkashin wani yanayi ya kamata ka mayar da hankali ga akai-akai da kuma yalwatacce watering - don haka tushen tsarin zai kawai rot. Ruwa na iya zama babu sau 2 a cikin kwanaki 30 in babu ruwan sama na halitta.
Ya fi dacewa a dasa catnip akan haske, ƙasa mai nauyi. Dole ne a sanya shafin da kyau kuma a kwance sau 2-3 a shekara. Hakanan ana bada shawarar yin ciyawa tare da peat.
Lokaci biyu a kowace shekara ana baje don ciyar da shuka: bazara tare da gabatarwar takin nitrogen da kaka tare da takin gargajiya.
Melissa tsire-tsire ne na magani, wanda kuma memba ne na dangin Iasnatkovye, ana samun sauƙin girma yayin dasawa da kulawa a cikin filin budewa kuma ana amfani dashi a maganin gargajiya. Shawarwarin don namowa da kulawa da wannan shuka za'a iya samu a wannan labarin.
Nianƙara alkama
Kafin isowar Yuli, yayin girma girma, ana bada shawara a datsa kwarjinin. Ya ƙunshi cirewar wilted inflorescences, wanda zai zama babban abin ƙarfafa ga sabon ci gaba har ƙarshen bazara. A wannan yanayin, yakamata mutum yayi la’akari da babban hankalin wannan shuka ga wannan hanyar.
Katako, wanda aka yanke zuwa tushen, ba zai iya rayuwa a lokacin sanyi ba, yankan 10-15 cm sama da tushen yana ba shi damar kashi 40 cikin dari na lokacin hunturu, yayin yankan zuwa girman 40-50 cm, yana ƙaruwa sosai - 80%. Ba a bi da pruning da sauran tasirin kayan masarufi a cikin hunturu mai kyau ba tare da tsari ba.
Dabbobi masu tasowa daga tsaba
Shuka tsaba zai fi aikata densely a cikin gandun daji. Lokacin da aka nuna 3-4 a cikin seedlings, ana iya dasa su a cikin dindindin, suna lura da tazara tsakanin 30x30 cm. Ba a buƙatar saurin tsinkaye, shuka iri yana faruwa bayan kwanaki 6-20. Shuke-shuke da aka shuka a cikin hunturu ana nuna su a cikin farkon seedlings da kasancewar furanni a farkon shekarar, yayin da 'ya'yansu ba su yi fure ba.
Game da shuka irin shuka, fargaba ba ya yin fure nan da nan, yana kaiwa 25-25 cm ne kawai na girma. Farawa daga shekaru 2, dukkanin tsirrai suna farawa na tsawon fure da 'ya'yan itace na yau da kullun. Idan kun kiyaye ka'idodin kulawa da aka bayyana a sama, kowane mai shekaru 2 da shekaru masu yawa zai ba da 7 7 har zuwa tsawo na 140 cm.
Niarfafa kiwo ta rarraba daji
Ana yin haifuwa ta hanyar rarraba daji ana aiwatar da shekarun 2-3 shekara a farkon bazara ko kaka. Kowane sashi mai raba jiki ya kamata ya sami tushen kuma ba zai wuce 5 buds ba.
Cutar da kwari
Catnip yana da kyakkyawan rigakafi da babban juriya ga hare-hare kwaro. Har ma yana tsoratar da wasu (alal misali, aphids da bedbugs), amma malam buɗe ido suna jin daɗin ƙanshi na ƙanshin lemon tsami a darajar ta ta gaskiya, yayin da suke cutar da shuka ta hanyar kwan ƙwai.
A cikin yaƙar su, magungunan halitta suna taimakawa mafi kyau, tunda sunadarai suna tsoratar da ƙudan zuma. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, catnip ɗin ba shi da saukin kamuwa da kowace cuta.
Kotovnik magani kaddarorin da contraindications
Tushen shuka na catnip ya ƙunshi kusan 0.2-0.4% na man mai mahimmanci, ya ƙunshi citral (13%), geraniol (12%), citranellol, limonene, dipentene, tannins da sauran abubuwa.
Magungunan gargajiya suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da jiko na ruwa don ƙara yawan ci, kula da anemia, ƙarancin numfashi, jaundice, tare da ciwon kai da matsaloli tare da tsutsotsi. An nuna amfani da waje don cututtukan fata daban-daban.
Don girbi ciyawa, lokacin fure daga Yuni zuwa Yuli yana da kyau - kuna buƙatar yanke firan ba tare da harbe-harbe ba, to ciyar da shuka tare da cakuda lambun da aka saba. Bugu da kari, catnip kyakkyawan shuka ne na zuma.
