Wrinkled ya tashi - m kyau

Nativeasar asalin jinsunan tsuntsaye masu kyan gani, Wrinkled Rosa, ko Rugosa fure (Rosa rugosa), daga nau'in rukuni sun samo asali, Arewacin China da Japan ne. An san nau'i biyu na wardi: nau'i na farko tare da fararen furanni, na biyu tare da ruwan hoda mai duhu ko ja.

Wrinkled ya tashi (Rosa rugosa)

Daga cikin yawancin kyawawan kwatangwalo, kayan aikin gida, koda a zamanin da, na da sha'awar Rosa rugosa, ko Rosa rugosa (Rosa rugosa) da kodan sa (kungiyar Hybrid Rugosa, abbr. HRg).

Ya girma a gabas ta gabas, Korea da Arewacin China. Yana girma cikin kungiyoyi ko a cikin maɗaukaki a kan yashi ko ƙyallen bakin teku, a kan ciyayin bakin teku. Mesophyte na hoto, microtherm, edificator of thickhip rosehip thickets. An kiyaye shi a cikin ajiyar ajiya.

Tsintsiya mai tsayi har zuwa tsayi m 2.5. Babban nau'in halittunsa yana da manyan furanni masu kamshi masu launuka daban-daban, daga 6 zuwa 12 cm a diamita. Furanni suna da guda ɗaya ko 3-8 a cikin inflorescences, mai sauƙi ko ninki biyu, tare da adadin filayen fure daga 5 zuwa 150. Sun yi fure duk lokacin rani, musamman a Yuni da yawa, sau da yawa akai-akai, don haka a daji za ku iya ganin fure, furanni da 'ya'yan itaciya. Flowing biyu a cikin harbe na shekara ta yanzu, da kuma a cikin harbe na shekarun da suka gabata. Ganyayyaki sun lalace sosai, tare da nuna launin toka-kore a farfajiyar, har zuwa tsawon cm 22, daga ganye 5-9. A cikin siffofin matasan, ganye wani lokacin m, m. Rnsayayuwa sun yi ja, sun yi ƙasa, da yawa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu girma ne, ruwan hoda-ja, mai launin fata, har zuwa 2.5 cm a diamita.

Ruwan fure mai fure, ko rugosa wardi. Maja Dumat

Wannan itace mai sauƙin gane shi da kauri, ƙanƙannen madaukai madaidaiciya da sikirin da ke rufe ganye da ganyayyaki. Ya shahara sosai a tsakanin mutane. Bayan duk, ya lilac-ja, mai rauni-numfashi, manyan ba furanni biyu fure Bloom duk bazara. Kuma a cikin kaka, fure furanni ɗaya ne kusa da daji tare da albasa mai zaki. Rashin bayyanar da wannan kare ya tashi, lokacin sanyi da juriya da cutar ma ba "kwance akan hanya ba".

A zahiri, a yanayi da al'adu, akwai fararen fata, da ruwan hoda, da terry, da siffofin rabin Rugosa. Tuni a cikin karni na sha tara da farkon karni na ashirin. da yawa daga cikin waɗanda suka kirkiro Turai (Michurin da Regel a Rasha) sun fara amfani da Rose Rugosa da nau'ikanta don huduba tare da nasara. Yawancin ire-ire na wannan lokacin har zuwa yau suna cikin tarin lambuna na duniya. Amma a cikin keɓancewar wuraren kiwon keɓaɓɓun arean raka'a.

'Ya'yan halittar Rosa Rugosa, da sunan da sunan Grootendorst ya bayyana, sun kasance cikakken gwajin lokaci. Shekaru 100 da suka gabata, mai shi F.Y. Grootendorst sanannen sanannen ɗan ƙasar Holland ne. Kuma a zamaninmu, kasuwancin sa ya ci gaba kuma yana haɓaka ta hanyar gandun daji "Rosbergen und Grootendorst".

Iri daban-daban

F.Y. Karafawa.

Goan fari na wannan layin ya sami izinin zama dan ƙasar Belgium De Goy don girmamawa ga abokin aikinsa na Dutch. A wannan shekarar 1918 ne “mallakin fure” F.Y. Grootendorst ya gabatar da shi a cikin ɗakin kulawarsa don kiwo, kuma daga baya ya yi amfani da shi a cikin kiwo. Initialarin farko na nau'ikan shine Rosa rugosa rubra, wanda aka haye tare da polyanthus wanda ba a san shi ba. Ita ce ta bai wa bunsurun furanni furanni, wanda yakai 5-20 kowane. fure akan tsauraran kafaɗa. Rasberi-ja terry, furanni masu numfashi masu ƙarancin jiki sun fi ƙarancin girma na R. rugosa: diamita su 3-4 cm (a kan 6-12 cm). Nasarar da ba a taɓa ganin irin wannan fure ba ta samu tabbaci ta yanayi biyu: furen fure da aka saba da furanni da fure mai dumbin yawa har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin girma (kamar yadda yake cikin polyanthus). Saboda haka, iri-iri sun sami suna na biyu 'Nelkenrose' (Jamusanci - Clove fure). Tsawon daji a cikin yanayinmu shine 1-1.5 m (ana iya daidaita shi da yankan); kafa madaidaiciya. A ganye ne duhu kore, m. A tsakiyar rariya, da shuka shi ne quite hunturu-Hardy, kawai a cikin mai tsananin Winters shi dan kadan freezes.

Masu ruwan 'Pink' - Manyan Gashi.

Rosa Pink Groungiyoyi.

Pink iri-iri na baya iri. Wannan shine daya daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki. Goge 1.5 m tsayi, pyramidal-sprawling, bar haske kore, wrinkled, m. M haske mai ruwan hoda mai kauri-fure-fure mai ban sha'awa tare da diamita na 3-4 cm, ninki biyu (30-40 petals) tare da sassaka gefuna na petals, a cikin inflorescences na 5-15 inji mai kwakwalwa., Shin sun fi kama da bouquets na carnations. Suna da kyau sosai tsakanin amonganyen fure mai haske. Flow yana da yawa. Dasa cikin kungiyoyi, shinge, a cikin nau'i na bushes guda. An gyara iri-iri sosai a bazara.

Grootendorst Suprem - Mafi Girma.

Dark Crimson ja wasanni.

Rosa Grootendorst Mai Girma (Grootendorst Supreme). Toutenun

Farin Kasuwanci - Farin Kasuwanci.

Tsarkin farin melkotsvetkovy terry iri-iri tare da fa'idodi iri ɗaya.

Rosa Farin Kasuwanci. Rea Andrea Moro

Abubuwan da aka sani tare da wasu nau'in da nau'ikan iri an san su, daga cikinsu akwai mafi ban sha'awa:

“Kabilar”- wani daji har zuwa 2 m tsawo, yawanci na pyramidal siffar. Furannin furanni masu launin shuɗi ne, mai kamannin kofin, tare da diamita na 5-6 cm, rabin-biyu, tare da filayen 14-18, ɗanɗano kaɗan, 13-40 kowane. a kan peduncle. Yana blooms profusely kuma ci gaba. Hunturu-Hardy. Yayi kyau don dasawa cikin rukuni da shinge.
“Agnes" Furanni masu launin shuɗi mai laushi, duhu zuwa tsakiyar, babba (7-8 cm), ninki biyu (40-60 petals), mai kamshi.
“Georges Ken". Furanni masu duhu ja, mai kamanni-cup, babba, Semi biyu, mai kamshi sosai.
“Conrad Ferdinand Meyer”- tare da ninki biyu, mai haske mai haske-ruwan hoda, fure mai kamshi, tare da kyawawan furanni masu kyau.
“Hammerberg”- wani daji har zuwa 50 cm high, m, m. Ganyen suna da yawa, yana wrinkled. Furannin suna da fitila mai haske-ja, cuff, 9 cm a diamita, mai rauni-terry (petals 17), mai kamshi, 5 kowannensu. a cikin inflorescence. A fure ne yalwatacce, remontant. Winters ba tare da tsari.
“Rosere de l'3". Furannin suna da launi ja, babba (8-10 cm), ninki biyu (30-40 petals), mai kamshi.
“Suv de Filemon Coche" Furannin furen suna farin tare da cibiyar fure mai ruwan hoda, da aka fizge, manyan (8-9 cm), mai ninka sosai (ƙyallan 140), mai kamshi sosai.
“Sarauniyar Arewa”- tare da ja, furanni biyu, mafi girman kayan wardi biyu don arewacin yankin tsakiyar yankin Turai na Rasha.
“Hansa" Furanni masu launin shuɗi-ja, babban (cm 8 cm), ninki biyu (30-40 petals), mai kamshi sosai.

Duk iri da kuma hybrids na wrinkled wardi da kyau hunturu hardiness sabili da haka hunturu ba tare da tsari.

Wanda ya fusata ya tashi. S Kirsten Skiles

Girma

Wuri: wadannan tsire-tsire masu daukar hoto ne. Yankunan Kudu ko lebur, wuraren rana da aka kiyaye su daga iska masu ƙarfi ana fin so.

Kasar gona: na bukatar m, ƙasa mai-da ruwa, m zuwa aikace-aikace na ma'adinai da takin gargajiya, mulching.

Saukowa: dasa a cikin bazara kafin a buɗe buds ko a kaka (zai fi dacewa a lokacin bazara). Ana sanya tsire-tsire a nesa na 1.5 m daga juna bisa ga tsarin 3 x 1.5 m. Lokacin ƙirƙirar babban shinge, dasa daskararru a cikin layuka shine 50-100 cm, tsakanin layuka 50-70 cm; matsakaici-high - a cikin layuka da tsakanin su - 10-60 cm. Kafin dasa, ana amfani da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai: 8-10 kilogiram na humus ko peat, 10 g na superphosphate, 50 g na potassium gishiri (a 1 m²). Dasa zuwa zurfin 10-15 cm Bayan dasa, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da ruwa sosai da mulching. An datse ɓangaren sararin samaniya, ba barin fiye da 1/3 na tsawon tsalle.

Amfani: A cikin keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa, ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, a gefuna. Daya daga cikin fa'idodin kyawawan siffofin kayan kogi. wrinkled - babban daji size, yayin da farashi, lokacin farin ciki rassan ba sa bukatar goyon baya. Shinge na ado daga kogin. wrinkled zai kare shafin daga prying idanu da baƙi m. A ƙarshen Satumba, ganyen wasu nau'ikan fure da suka lalace suna da kyawawan launuka masu launin ja, kuma bushes ya zama ainihin adon lambun kaka. A ƙarshen bazara da kaka, ana yin rassa rassan ba kawai tare da furanni ba, har ma da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Haske mai haske ko ruwan lemo mai duhu, suna tsayawa waje ɗaya da bangon kore mai haske. Babban taro na 'ya'yan itatuwa daga 7 zuwa 10 g, diamita ya kai 34 mm, tsayi - 24 mm. Daga wani daji zaka iya girbi daga 2, 5 zuwa 3, 6 kg. Idan an tsabtace 'ya'yan itatuwa na tsaba da hairs, to, zaku iya sanya kamshi, bitamin jam, jam, jam ko compote daga gare su. Furanni ma ba kayan ado bane kawai, harma suna warkarwa. Ana iya shayar da shayi mai amfani, mai kamshi daga busassun ganye, sannan a goge fuska da jiko maimakon a wanke shi.

Kulawa

Tsire-tsire ba sa takin na farko na shekaru biyu; a cikin bazara ta uku, an kara urea (15-20 g a 1 m²). Bayan farkon fruiting a cikin kaka, sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 3-4, ana amfani da takin gargajiya (kilogiram na 10-15) da ma'adinin ma'adinai - 50-60 g na superphosphate da 20 g na potassium g da 1 m2. Tsarin tushen tsirrai masu shekaru 6-7 na iya isa zurfin mm 2.5, saboda abin da suke jure wa fari fari. Don hana wuce gona da iri na daji a cikin nisa saboda tushen ci gaban, yankin kan abin da fure girma ya kamata a fired tsaye tsaye tare da dug zanen gado na tsohon yin rufi baƙin ƙarfe ko wasu irin abu.

Don sa shuka suyi kyau, fure sosai kuma su bada ,a ,an, dole ne a kai a kai. Wannan ba karamin aiki bane, mai wahala, amma aikin tilas. Shekaru biyu bayan dasa shuki, ba a sare daji ba, akan na ukun - an cire dukkan rauni da kwance akan rassan ƙasa, kazalika an cire tushen tushe daga nesa daga tushe na daji. Ragowar harbe an yanke shi a tsayin 15-18 cm, yana barin rassan shekaru 5 masu ingantaccen shekaru. Lokacin da harbe suka bayyana a kan kututture suka kai tsawon 70 cm, sai suka yatsun kafa (suka rage ta 1/5), wanda yake haifar da ci gaban rassan gefen, yana sanya fruiting. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, girbi kambi ya ƙunshi cirewa na yau da kullun na rassan 4-6an shekaru 4-6 da suka fito, da kuma rashin ingantattun abubuwa da gaɓa.

Ya kamata a tuna cewa yawan rassan dole ne a daidaita su. A lokacin cikekken fruiting (farawa daga shekara ta 6 bayan dasa shuki) tare da girki na yau da kullun, yakamata a sami rassa 16-20 a cikin daji yana da shekaru 1 zuwa 4. Nan gaba, ana barin matashi mai karfi na 2-3 a kowace shekara, kuma ya lalace kuma yan shekaru 6 sun lalace.