Wani kwaro wanda yakamata a bayyana shi daki-daki shine mealybug. Wasu sun yarda cewa ba shi da haɗari musamman Amma duk da haka, wannan ba haka ba. Mealybugs sun sami damar cutar duka a cikin gidaje da dakuna da ma a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar tsotse ruwan itace daga tsire-tsire, zaluntar su, ba da gudummawa ga asarar bayyanar su, yawan amfanin ƙasa, da rage rigakafi. Duk wannan na iya haifar da shan kashi na wadannan tsirrai ta wasu cututtuka da kwari. Zamu tattauna matakan matakan rigakafi da sarrafa mealybug a cikin labarin.
Mealybug.
Wace irin mealybug ce?
Ruwan mealybug na iya fara tsotse ruwan sutturar kwayar halitta daga shukar furanni, tsirrai, da albarkatu na kayan fasaha har ma da waɗanda ke girma a cikin gidajen katako. Sau da yawa, kasancewar an kori koren shinkafa a kan gidan yanar gizon ku an hana wannan kwaro, sayen sabon kayan shuka, ku da kanku, ba tare da sanin hakan ba, na iya kawo kwaro a cikin rukunin ku kuma harba shi da ƙasa da tsirrai. Ganin wannan duka, yakar mealybug ya zama dole kuma nan bada dadewa ba.
A mealybug, daga Turanci Mealybug ko Latin Pseudococcidae, ba ya cutar da tsire-tsire, ba ya son tatsuniyar tsirara suna cin wani ɓangaren ganye, ko kuma kamar ƙwaro mai ƙyalƙyali yana buɗe ɗakunan iri, amma yana lalata zahiri a duk sassan tsirrai, daga 'ya'yan itatuwa zuwa mai tushe da ƙyallen ganye, da har da furanni tare da ovaries.
Dukkanin aikin mealybug na da kyau kuma yana kunshe ne a cikin tsotsewa (wani lokacin a cikin yawa mai yawa) ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga tsirrai, yayin da yake keɓe sakamakon aikinsa mai mahimmanci a cikin nau'ikan zaki, mai narkewa mai narkewa, wanda, kamar ambaliyar aphid, suna da matukar son tururuwa kuma waɗanda, a sake , kazalika a kan warewar aphid, mai daɗaɗa naman alade ya ɓata bayyanar da shuka a zaune.
Wannan kwaro ya sami sunansa mai ban sha'awa "mealybug" saboda, kasancewa a matakin ƙarancin lokaci, kuma a lokacin balaga, jikin mealybug yana rufe da farin, gari-kamar fataccen ɗakin, da gashi mai sananne.
Fasali na haifuwar mealybug
Ya juya cewa babban haɓaka a cikin wannan kwaro yana ba da gudummawa ga karuwar yawan zafin jiki na wani lokaci na shekara, da kuma adadin kuzari na takin zamani daban-daban a cikin ƙasa, gami da adadin takin mai magani na nitrogen, wanda hakan ke haifar da rauni gaba ɗaya na jikin tsiron, wato, rage raguwar garkuwar jikinta.
Mutane kalilan ne suka san cewa a cikin filin buɗe ido da ba da kariya a cikin kakar wasa ɗaya, har zuwa ƙarni biyu na mutanen wannan kwaro na iya kyankyasar lokacin bazara-bazara. A cikin rufaffiyar ƙasa, wato, a cikin gidajen ƙasa, hotbeds da makamantan su, har ma da ƙarin mutane na iya bayyana, wannan kuma ya shafi wuraren rufewa inda ciyawar furanni suke girma.
Kuna buƙatar sanin cewa mealybug mace ɗaya kaɗai ke iya yin kwanciya har ƙwai ɗari shida a kowace kakar, wanda, kuke gani, ba ƙaramin abu bane. Matar ta sanya ƙwai a cikin jaka na musamman, wanda ta ke gina kanta daga abubuwan da ke cikin kakin zuma. Hatching larvae suna da matukar rikitarwa kuma masu hannu da shuni, wasu yan lambu da kuma lambu suna wasa da suna "tsintsaye" saboda a zahiri basu zauna bane.
Da zaran waɗannan ɓarayin guda ɗaya masu yawo, suna motsawa koyaushe, haɗu da wani abu wanda ya dace da mahimman ayyukan su wanda za a iya amfani dashi cikin sauƙi don dalilai na abinci, nan da nan suka fara amfani dashi don abinci. Mealybug zai canza wurin ciyar da shi ne kawai bayan an ba da izinin halitta, ko kuma kawai lokacin da ake bukatar sa cikin gaggawa, ka ce, abinci ya ƙare a wannan yanki ko kuma yawan ɗimbin gasa sun bayyana a kusa kuma gwagwarmaya maras muhimmanci don haɗin kai ya fara.
Kafin fara kwanciya qwai, macen mealybug ta zabi wani wuri domin wannan na wani lokaci mai tsayi, yana bada fifiko ga yankin da yafi dacewa da lafiyayyen aiki. Yana jan hankali, da farko, ta hanyar lalacewar injina daban-daban ga tsire-tsire: haɓaka haushi, wuraren da aka lalata, tsirrai daban-daban. Gabaɗaya, kowane yanki inda akwai gajeren laushi ko tsayi mai sanyin yanayi, ya dace don haifuwar su.
Kiwo a cikin irin wannan yanayi, mealybugs yana lalata da yawan tsire-tsire, a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa da kariya (greenhouse, greenhouses, da sauransu). Har yanzu muna sake maimaitawa - don kada ku kawo mealybug a cikin rukunin yanar gizonku, tabbatar da bincika kayan dasawa, kuma mafi mahimmanci, fara dasa wadannan tsirrai a cikin ƙananan sassan gonar, suna samar da abin da ake kira tsire-tsire masu rarrabe don bincika su.
Ganye Agave shafi mealybug.
Cutar Mealybug
A zahiri a kowane mataki na ci gaban, mealybugs ciyar, kuma quite na rayayye, a kan ruwan itace shuke-shuke, ko ta yaya shafi ko lalata matasa harbe, matasa ganye, fure buds, kuma lokaci-lokaci - kwarangwal harbe da kuma shekara-shekara girma a cikin lambu.
A gaban manya-manyan tsutsotsi a kan bishiyar 'ya'yan itace guda ɗaya, mahimmancin aikin su na iya haifar da kututturar kututturar macen ƙwanƙwasawa za su fara karyewa, ƙyallen za ta fara aiki, har ma tabewar rawaya za ta bayyana a kan ƙyallen ganye, wadda daga baya ke girma kadan kuma ta haifar da ƙwayoyin ganye. juya rawaya.
A zahiri, irin wannan muhimmin aiki na mealybug ba zai zama mai yiwuwa ba: tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa na rasa yawancin kwalliyar su, ana hana su girma da ci gaba, tsayawa a fure ko kuma bazai wanzu kwatankwacinsu ba, har ma da samuwar 'ya'yan itatuwa kuma, a hakikanin,' ya'yan itace, Kuma idan an bar ciyawar da ba a kula da su ba, za su lalace.
Tsutsotsi suna cin abinci fiye da yadda suke bukata. Duk yawan abincin da suka ci ba tare da ƙima ba, suna haɓaka haramtacciyar hanya, suna tuƙa kansu, a cikin yanayin raɓa na zuma. A naman alade naman alade zaune da sauri a kan wadannan secretions kuma fara ci gaba a can. Sakamakon haka, saman tsire-tsire inda naman alade mai daɗin fata ya sauka, fara duhu kuma ya zama kusan baki. Menene wannan ke tsoratar da tsirrai, ban da bayyanar unsightly: akwai raguwa mai girma da kuma hana ayyukan tafiyar matakai masu daukar hoto da ke faruwa a cikin tsirrai, yanayin numfashinsu ya karu.
Amma wannan ba duka bane, mealybug yayi aiki sosai yana fitar da rayayyen zuma, da tururuwa, da kuma ƙarancin aphids, suna gudu zuwa gare shi daga ko'ina cikin tururuwa kuma suna tsayayya da ɗan kwari masu rai waɗanda zasu iya cin naman mealybug. Akwai lokuta da yawa yayin da tururuwa har ma suka jan ƙwai na mealybugs daga wani wuri zuwa wani wuri don ba a hallaka su ba.
Tabbas, mealybug yana ƙaunar yawancin tsire-tsire masu ƙyalƙyali, musamman waɗanda ke da babban taro na ganyayyaki, wato, banally overfed tare da nitrogen, ya raunana, tare da rage rigakafi. Kuma ba shi da wata matsala ko suna cikin buɗe ko kuma ƙasa mai kariya (greenhouses, hotbeds, da sauransu). Koyaya, a cikin gonar talakawa, kwaro wani lokaci yana da yawa.
'Ya'yan tururuwa sune masu kariya daga ƙwayoyin cuta.
M matakan da mealybug
Don haka, idan kuna son mealybug bazai hau shafin ku ba kafin ku sayi karamin seedling, bincika a hankali idan tana da aibobi masu raɗaɗi. Furtherarin gaba, bayan sayan, dole ne a keɓe tsire, watau, sanya shi wani wuri a nesa kuma lura dashi. Yawancin lokaci, idan inji ya kamu, to, maza na wannan kwaro na iya bayyana a kusa da shi, za su yi ƙawance ko'ina cikin shafin yanar gizon kuma a hankali su bincika eka da ganye.
Daga cikin ingantaccen tasiri sama da dubawa mai sauƙi, matakan kariya sun haɗa da haɗakar ruwan shayi na lokaci-lokaci (yin ruwa tare da zazzabi kimanin +30 digiri) da rinsing tare da ruwa tare da zazzabi na kusan digiri 50 na windows a cikin lambun lambu.
Ta halitta, dole ne mu manta game da cire bushewar sassa na tsire-tsire saboda wasu dalilai. Idan kun lura da tsire-tsire waɗanda a cikin ɗan lokaci kawai ke lalacewa ta hanyar mealybug, to, zaku iya cire shi tare da hancin talakawa ko goge shi a cikin kowane akwati tare da goga mai ƙarfi. Tsire-tsire, wanda bisa ga dabi'arsu suna da epidermis mai tsananin yawa, duk da haka, ba tare da shafawa da kakin zuma ba, dole ne a bi da su kamar haka: goga a baya wanda aka goge da kerosene, tsoma giya ko maganin sabulu na yau da kullun na wasu secondsan seconds da kuma goge duk wasu sassa na shuka tare da wannan goga.
Matsakaicin iko na sakandare a kan mealybug shine lalata anthills da ke can. Za a iya lalata duwatsun ta hanyoyi uku - zuba su da ruwan zãfi, wanda ba kowane ɗan adam ba ne, yi amfani da kwari, wanda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, kuma yana iya cutar da muhalli, kuma kawai tattara duk tururuwa cikin jakar filastik mai yawa kuma kwashe su nesa da wurin, kuma Saki shi a can (hanya mafi kyau).
Talakawa masu kanti na yau da kullun suna taimaka wajan shawo kan matsalar mealybug. La'akari da yanayin halittar maza mealybug maza don tashi zuwa cikin haske da dare, abin da kawai yakamata ayi shine gyara matsanancin rakodin kusa da hasken wutar ya bar ta tsawon daren. Maza suna manne wa wanna tsinkaye, za ku kan sabunta wadannan matakan lokaci-lokaci.
Magungunan magungunan gargajiya don mealybug
Mun yi magana game da wasu magunguna sanannu, kuma za mu yi suna kaɗan. Misali, maganin sabulu mai wanki shine magani mai amfani ga mutane don magance cutar kyanda. Don waɗannan dalilai, zaku iya amfani da ko dai 18-20 g na sabulu mai kashe ƙwayar cuta, ko rabin sabulu na wanki da tsarma duka a cikin ruwa na ruwa. Sakamakon da yakamata yakamata a ba shi damar yin ta har tsawon kwana ɗaya, sannan a tsage shi sau biyu sannan a kula da tsirran da cutar ta shafa, tare da tazara sau ɗaya a kowace kwana 8-9.
Wani zaɓi don magani na halitta: kuna buƙatar ɗaukar g 150 na busassun bushe kuma zuba 1.5 lita na ruwan zãfi, sannan ku kawo shi zuwa zafin jiki na ɗaki kuma, ba tare da diluting ba, kuna iya fara bi da tsire-tsire waɗanda abin ya shafa.
Kyakkyawan zaɓi shine cakuda lita na ruwa da cokali biyu na man zaitun, zaku iya fesa tsire-tsire kai tsaye tare da wannan maganin.
Wadanda suka yi amfani da wannan hanyar suna magana sosai da shi: ya zama dole a dauki maganin sabulu kwakwalwan kwamfuta, a nika kamar g 10 na sabulu a kan grater, sannan a zuba shi da karamin ruwa (0.5 lita) warmed zuwa zafin jiki daki, a hade sosai a kara sosai ruwa don samun lita na mafita shima a zazzabi a daki. Ya rage don ƙara kusan 20 ml na barasa ko, mafi kyau, vodka da haɗu da komai sosai.
Kafin amfani da wannan magani, kuna buƙatar rufe ƙasa a hankali tare da kayan suturar da ba a saka ba don mafita ba ya shiga cikin ƙasa. Za'a iya aiwatar da jiyya na shuka kowace rana, sannan yana da kyau a shayar da tsire-tsire ta hanyar yayyafa kuma kawai bayan hakan cire kayan sutturar da ba ta saka ba. Ana iya aiwatar da wannan jiyya don mafi girman sakamako sau ɗaya a mako.
Kuma wata hanya mai sauri kuma wacce take da kyau wacce za'a magance mealybug: ana bukatar shan cokali shida ko bakwai na tafarnuwa mai zafi sosai a yanka ko a murkushe shi, sannan a zuba matsewar a cikin lita 0.5 na ruwan zãfi sannan a bar shi a cikin rufaffiyar ganga na tsawon awanni 3-5 . Bayan wannan lokacin, jiko yana buƙatar tace ta hanyar gauze kuma za'a iya amfani dashi don kula da tsire-tsire masu cutar mealybug.
Dumi mai dumin gaske shine rigakafi mai kyau game da mealybug.
Muna yin yaƙi tare da mealybug tare da taimakon sunadarai
Idan saukakken magunguna na mutum bai taimaka ba, to zaka iya ɗaukar sunadarai lafiya, ala, babu wata hanya. Ana iya lura da mummunan tasirin amfani da magunguna a daidai lokacin da kwaro yake ɗan saurayi, lokacin da jikinsu baya rufe da kakin zuma mai kariya.
Koyaya, ba duk abin da yake mai sauƙi ba ne: a lokaci guda, a kan shuka iri ɗaya, zaku iya lura da mealybugs a cikin matakai daban-daban na ci gaban su. A wannan batun, ya dace a yi amfani da kwari ba sau ɗaya ba, amma sau uku ko sau huɗu tare da tazara tsakanin mako biyu, ko ma kwana goma, idan kamuwa da cuta ya kasance mai tsanani sosai.
Kafin amfani da ilmin sunadarai, sake bincika tsire-tsire: alal misali, idan akwai 'yan larduna kaɗan, to yana yiwuwa a cire su kawai ta hanyar yanke ƙwayoyin cutar tare da almakashi tare da mulkin mallaka ko ta tsaftace su da haƙorin haƙora tare da m villi, amma idan akwai dauloli da yawa, to ba za su iya ba dauke shi.
Yawanci ana fahimtar cewa akwai zuriya kuma yana bunƙasa lokacin da suka gano gawar mace mai mealybug, wanda ke nufin cewa zuriya na iya kasancewa a wani wuri kusa. Maganin mealybug shine mafi yawan aiki a cikin awanin 25-30 na farko, wannan shine mafi kyawun lokacin don amfani da magungunan kashe qwari tare da aikin tuntuɓar, amma ba koyaushe ba zai yiwu a ƙayyade lokacin.
Girma kwari tare da murfin kakin zuma mai kariya, a wannan lokacin ciyar da rayayye kuma yana da wuya a wargaza su. A wannan yanayin, ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da magungunan gargajiya waɗanda ke shiga daidai cikin tsarin rayuwar ɗan adam, alal misali, Fufanon, Likita, Novaktion, Kemifos, Tagore, Danadim, Gwanaye da sauransu. Don sakamako mafi girma, ba mu bada shawarar amfani da kwayoyi iri ɗaya koyaushe, yana da kyau a canza su kowace shekara.
Wannan shi ne abin da muke so in gaya maka game da mealybug a cikin lambu. Idan kuna da hanyoyin kanku na ma'amala da wannan kwaro, za mu yi godiya idan kun yi musayar su a cikin ra'ayoyin ga labarin.
