Turnip

Tsirrai mai tsiro na turnip (Brassica rapa) na iya zama shekara da shekara; wakili ne na kabeji na dangin Kabeji, ko Cruciferous. Irin wannan tsohuwar al'adar tana daga Yammacin Asiya. An fara noma turnips kimanin shekaru 4 da suka gabata. Irin wannan kayan lambu a tsohuwar Girka da a cikin tsohuwar Misira ana ɗaukarsu shine babban abincin bayi da matalauta, amma a cikin Masarautan Roman an shirya duk azuzuwan daga gare ta. A kan iyakar Rasha, an dauki turnip shine mafi mahimmancin kayan abinci ga ƙarni da yawa, har ma a cikin tsofaffin tarihin akwai ambaton irin wannan al'ada. Sai kawai a cikin karni na 18, an maye gurbin turnips da dankali da aka shigo da su daga Amurka.

Turnip shine amfanin gona mai mahimmanci na kayan lambu wanda ke da iko na warkarwa mai ƙarfi. Ana amfani da wannan tushen amfanin gona don yin burodi, dafa abinci, shaƙewa, kuma an ƙara shi da salati. Yana da anti-mai kumburi, analgesic, antimicrobial, diuretic da rauni waraka illa. Kuma turnip taimaka inganta ci, hanzarta narkewa da kuma ƙara motsin hanji.

Short bayanin girma

Shuka. Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa bude don amfani a lokacin rani ana aiwatar da shi nan da nan bayan murfin dusar ƙanƙara ya narke, kuma don ajiyar hunturu - a watan Yuli ko a farkon watan Agusta. Wannan al'adar za a iya shuka kafin hunturu, yin wannan jim kaɗan kafin a fara yin sanyi. Turnip an shuka shi akan tsire-tsire a tsakiyar Maris, yayin da ake dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a buɗe daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Mayu.
Haske. Yankin da ya dace yakamata ya haskaka sosai.
Ilasa. Turnip ke tsiro da kyau a cikin yumbu haske tsaka tsaki ƙasa.
Watse. Watering turnips ya zama yalwatacce da kuma na tsari. Don mita 1 na gadaje ana ɗaukar buhun ruwa na 0.5-1. A matsakaita, kuna buƙatar shayar da ruwa sau 1 ko sau 2 a cikin kwanaki 7, kuma suna yin hakan da sanyin safiya ko da yamma bayan faɗuwar rana.
Taki. A lokacin girma, ana ciyar da irin wannan al'ada sau 1 ko 2, don wannan suna amfani da takin gargajiya ko hadadden ma'adinai. Mafi kyawun duka, turnips suna ba da amsa ga riguna tare da toka na itace.
Kiwo. Hanyar iri.
Cututtuka masu cutarwa. Cwararrun ƙyafe da gadaje, ƙudaje na kabeji, kwari na kabeji, aphid na kabeji, ƙyallen kabeji, kabeji da murhun fata, kabeji mai kara kuzari, ko tsutsotsi.
Cututtuka. Kila, phomosis, mucous da ƙwayoyin bugun jini, ƙafa na baki da launin toka.

Fasalin Turnip

Turnip yana da tushe, wanda shine tushen kayan lambu mai kauri mai kauri. Man dogo yana da ganye sosai. Farantin ganye na fure mai fure-fure mai launin furen ganye yana da tsayi mai tsayi da sikila mai zaren itace. Tushe tufan ganye faranti suna da sifar da ba a iya mantawa, su kadan ne ko kuma dandazon, da duka ko hakora. A cikin shekarar farko ta girma, sai kawai amfanin gona mai amfani da ake ci da kuma tushen ganye Rosette girma. Kuma a cikin shekara ta biyu na girma, tsiro mai tsiro ya girma a tushe, wanda aka kafa corymbose inflorescence, daga baya ya juya zuwa tseren tsere. A cikin furanni, ana sanya furen a cikin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Fruita isan itace madaidaici ne, gajarta, ƙulli-knotty; tsaba masu launin launin shuɗi-ja, waɗanda suke da sifar ƙwallon da ba na al'ada ba, suna girma a ciki.

Duk nau'ikan turnip sun kasu kashi-kashi da abinci. Ana kiran iri iri na abinci. Turnip ana ɗauka dangi ne na kayan lambu masu zuwa: farin kabeji, kohlrabi, sprouts na Brussels, kabeji ja, farin kabeji, kabeji, kabeji na kasar Sin, radish, radish, da sauransu.

Girma turnips daga tsaba

Shuka

Shuka iri ne na shuka iri domin shuka ana yin shi makonni 6-8 kafin a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Kafin fara shuka, iri ya kamata a ware, kuma duk wanda aka ji rauni, m, da iri mara kyau ya kamata a zaɓi. Sannan dole ne a narkar da shi a cikin gishirin gishiri (5%), don shirye-shiryen sa ya zama dole a hada miligramms na ruwa 100 a zazzabi daki da 5 gishirin gishiri. Dole ne a cakuda tsaba sosai, wanda zai cire kumburin iska daga farfajiya. Mummunan tsaba za su fito, waɗanda kuma suka dace da shuka za su nitse har ƙasa.

Bayan wannan, kuna buƙatar gurbata ƙwayoyin, kamar yadda kashi 80 na cututtukan suna gudana ta hanyar zuriyar. Zai fi kyau a dumama su da kyau, saboda wannan suna amfani da ruwan zafi. An zuba iri a cikin jakar nama, wanda aka sanya shi cikin ruwa mai ɗumi sosai (daga digiri 52 zuwa 54) na uku na awa ɗaya, sannan nan da nan za a saukar da shi cikin ruwan sanyi na mintina 2-3. Hakanan, ana iya lalata ƙwayar a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate (2 gram na abu ana ɗauka a kowace milligram na 100 na ruwa zazzabi), immersed na uku na awa daya.

Ya kamata a sanya zuriyar da aka wanke sosai a cikin ruwa don kwanaki don kumburi, yayin canza ruwa sau 2 a rana. Tsaba suna shawarar da za a shuka quite densely, amma masana shawara ta yin amfani da peat Allunan domin wannan. Don farawa, ya kamata a tsoma allunan cikin ruwa don kumburi, sannan tsaba 2 ko 3 sun bazu cikin kowane ɗayansu. Allunan an tsabtace su a karkashin tsayayyen tsari kuma an tura su zuwa wani wuri mai annuri wanda ke da kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Da zaran seedlings sun bayyana, dole ne a cire tsari.

Girma turnip seedlings

A ƙarƙashin kaho ana samun zafi mai yawa, wanda yake babba ga seedlingsan itacen turnip. Abubuwan harba suna canjawa wuri zuwa wuri mai sanyi (daga digiri 5 zuwa 15), dangane da wannan ana bada shawara don kiyaye su a kan veranda mara amfani ko kuma loggia mai tsananin sanyi. Bayan an buɗe cotyledons a cikin tsire-tsire, ya kamata a share su ta amfani da almakashi, saboda wannan, ana yanke ƙananan ƙwayoyi a matakin da ke ƙasa na substrate, saboda wannan ba zasu iya kwashe abubuwan gina jiki daga tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi ba. Bayar da girke-girken girke-girke na ganye tare da shayarwar lokaci, kayan miya da loosening na farfajiya na substrate, wanda dole ne a za'ayi a hankali.

Harden seedlings fara rabin wata kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude. Don yin wannan, ana canza shi zuwa titi kowane lokaci na ɗan lokaci, yayin da ƙara tsawon lokacin zama wajibi ne a hankali. Bayan seedlings na iya tsayawa a kusa da agogo a cikin sabon iska, ana iya dasa su a gonar.

Zaba

Daukana don turnip seedlings ba da shawarar, tun da wannan al'adar ta danganta matuƙar mummunar illa ga dasawa. A wannan batun, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da allunan peat don shuka, lokacin da seedlings suka girma kuma suka sami ƙarfi, ana dasa su tare da su a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, da nisan da ke tsakanin su ya zama aƙalla mita 0.3.

Waje turnip dasa

Wani lokaci don shuka

Turnip za a iya girma ta hanyar shuka, amma shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude ya fi zama sananne a tsakanin lambu. Yawancin lambu suna da sha'awar da wane lokaci don shuka turnips a cikin tsakiyar latitude? A lokacin shuka irin wannan amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa ana tasiri shi ta fasalin yanayin yankin, kazalika da dalilin namo shi. Misali, a Yankin Moscow don amfani da lokacin rani, ana shuka turnips a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Afrilu, ko a farkon Mayu, ko a farkon watan Yuni. Idan an shuka turnip daga kwanakin ƙarshe na Yuni zuwa tsakiyar Yuli, to, ana iya amfani dashi don dafa abinci da yawa, da kuma ajiyar hunturu. Don a samu yalwataccen turnips kwanaki 15-20 a baya fiye da yadda aka saba a lokacin bazara, ana amfani da shuka hunturu don wannan. Lingsa Seedan kwayayen sun bayyana a zazzabi na 2 zuwa 5, idan iskar ta yi zafi har zuwa digiri 18 da sama, to, mayan itacen na iya bayyana bayan kwana uku kawai.

Ƙasa mai dacewa

Matsakaicin hasken yumbu ƙasa yana da kyau don haɓaka irin wannan amfanin gona. A wannan batun, acidic ƙasa dole ne ya zama liming, in ba haka ba tushen tushen kiyayewa zai zama daɗa lalacewa.

Kafin ci gaba da dasa shuki, dole ne a hankali shirya wurin. Duk lokacin da aka yi shirin shuka, dole ne a yi shiri wurin. Abubuwan da suka dace na wannan shuka sune tumatir, dankali, wake da cucumbers. Kuma bayan irin albarkatu kamar na ruwa, daikon, horseradish, kowane irin kabeji, radish, radish da turnip, ba za ku iya girma turnips ba, tunda duk waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da kwari iri ɗaya da cututtuka. Dole ne a tona wurin da zurfin, tare da kilo 2 zuwa 3 na takin ko humus da aka kara a cikin kasar (ba za'a iya amfani da ɗanyen digiri ba), 10-15 na phosphate da takin nitrogen, da kuma gram 15-20 na potash a kowace murabba'in mita 1 mãkirci.

Dokoki don saukowa a fili

Ya kamata a shuka iri da aka shirya tare da kaset sau biyu, yayin da nisan dake tsakanin layin ya kamata yakai santimita 20. Nan da nan kafin shuka, ƙasa a yankin an kwance shi da kyau, sannan an mirgine shi. Kawai sai a cikin lambun zaka iya yin tsagi da zurfin milimita 10 zuwa 20. Yankin da ya kamata ya zama ya zama yakai kusan guda 2 a mil 10. A hankali ka cika tsaran tsaran kuma ka shayar da albarkatu.

Shuka hunturu

Shuka turnips a cikin hunturu ne da za'ayi jim kadan kafin barga frosts fara. A lokacin lokacin hunturu, iri zai sami rashi na halitta, kuma da farawar harbe-harben bazara wanda zai bayyana a gonar. Tare da shuka hunturu, ya zama dole don tono mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa kadan fiye da lokacin da shuka tsaba a lokacin rani ko bazara. Don cika tsaran, ya zama dole a yi amfani da yashi ko peat wanda aka shirya a gaba. An ba da shawarar kafa marataya a gefuna na gado na lambu saboda a cikin bazara zaka iya samun mãkirci tare da amfanin gona. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo, suna buƙatar jefa amfanin gona, yayin ƙoƙarin kiyaye ƙasan koda.

Turnip Kula

Haɓaka turnip akan rukunin yanar gizonku abu ne mai sauqi. Bayan bayyanar seedlings, ya zama dole don fitar da su, yayin da yake wajibi ne don tsage dukkanin tsire-tsire masu rauni. Sannan saman shafin ya kamata a rufe shi da murfin ash na itace, wannan zai kare turnip daga ƙwarya mai gurnani.

Kusa da gado wanda turnip ya girma, masana sun ba da shawarar girma Peas ko wake. Lokacin da shafin ya rufe ash, yakamata a yayyafa shi da wani yanki na ciyawa (bambaro ko hay), wannan zai rage adadin kwancewar ƙasa a saman gado. Amma duk da ciyawa, shafin zai ci gaba da bukatar a kwance shi ta hanyar tsari, da kuma sako. Lokacin da aka gama aikin na farkon, ana aiwatar da sakan na biyu bayan rabin wata.

Yadda ake ruwa

Irin wannan al'ada tana ƙaunar ruwa, a wannan batun, dole ne a shayar da shi cikin tsari da ɗimbin yawa, musamman yayin fari fari. A matsakaita, ana shayar dashi sau 1 ko 2 cikin kwanaki 7. Yawan ruwan da aka ɗauka a kowace murabba'in mita 1 na ginin kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayin ci gaban turniyya, da kuma yanayin yanayi, kuma ya bambanta daga lita 5 zuwa 10 na ruwa. Idan tsirrai ba su da isasshen ruwa, to tushen abin zai zama da wuya, naman kuma zai sami ɗanɗano mai ɗaci.

A lokacin tsirowar ƙwayar cuta, al'adar tana buƙatar shayarwar lokaci mafi dacewa, har ma yayin samuwar ƙwayoyin ganye na gaskiya kuma a mataki na haɓaka amfanin tushen amfanin gona. Bayan tushen amfanin gona ya kai yawan da ake buƙata, dole ne a rage adadin ruwan da ake amfani da shi don ban ruwa, in ba haka ba suna iya farawa.

An ba da shawarar yin jigilar ruwa da sassafe ko da yamma bayan faɗuwar rana. Ba za a iya amfani da ruwan sanyi don ban ruwa ba. A dandalin, ana bada shawara don sanya akwati mai amfani da wuta wanda ruwan famfo zai iya tsayawa daidai kuma yana cikin rana. Don ciyar da matasa bushes amfani da watering Can da tarar sieve, adult shuke-shuke dole ne a shayar daga tiyo.

Turnip miya

A lokacin girma, yakamata a ciyar da tsire-tsire sau 1 ko sau 2. Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da hadadden ma'adinai, kuma zaka iya ciyar da takin gargajiya ne kawai. Mafi yawan lambu sun tabbata cewa turnips amsa mafi kyau ga ciyar tare da itace ash. Saboda haka, yayin shirye-shiryen gadaje don turnips, ana yin wuta akan sa. Sauran ragowar ayyukan caji ya kamata a warwatse ko'ina cikin shafin, bayan wannan sun tona shi tare da su.

Bayan fararen ganye na farko na farko sun fara bayyana akan tsire-tsire, ana bada shawara don ciyar da su da takin gargajiya na ganye.

Cutar da kwari

Dukkan wakilan dangin Cubanage da kwari masu cutarwa iri daya ne, a wannan batun, ba a ke so a shuka su kusa ko kusanci da juna. Mafi yawan lokuta turnips suna shafar irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa kamar: Cruiferous fleas da kwari, kwari na kabeji, ƙwayar kabeji, aphid kabeji, sikelin kabeji, kabeji da fari, kabeji mai kara kuzari, ko cryptocetic. Wannan inji na iya shafar keel, phomosis, mucous da bacterioses na jijiyoyin, kafa na baƙar fata da launin toka.

Turnip sarrafawa

Don kare wannan shuka daga kwari da cutarwa, ya zama dole a bi ka'idodin jujin amfanin gona. Hakanan, lokacin dasa shuki da shuka irin wannan amfanin gona, dole ne mutum ya manta da ka'idodin aikin gona na turnips:

iri yana buƙatar m pre-shuka shiri, kazalika da miya;
Dole ne a fitar da tsire-tsire a waje;
aiwatar da weir akan lokaci;
a cikin kaka, dole ne a tsabtace wurin da tarkacewar shuka wanda ya kamata a ƙone;
gado yana buƙatar kyakkyawan digging bayan girbi.

Idan, duk da haka, bushes yana cutar da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, to, ya kamata a haƙa tsire-tsire masu ƙwayar cuta da wuri-wuri, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da magungunan jama'a don aiwatar da ragowar turken. Koyaya, idan bushes suna da lafiya, to ya kamata a fesa shafin tare da shirye-shirye na fungicidal, misali: Topsin, Fundazole ko wasu hanyoyi masu kama. Don lalata kwari masu cutarwa, ana kuma bada shawara don amfani da magunguna na mutane, alal misali, ƙawata filayen dankali ko tumatir. Don shirya shi, an hada fiɗa da ruwa kuma a dafa shi tsawon minti 30, bayan haka dole ne a tsabtace broth da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 3. Sannan a cikin bulo 1 na ruwa ya zama dole a narke 40 grams na sabulu da aka shafa akan grater. Wannan kayan aikin zai taimaka kawar da kwari iri-iri, gami da daga fata, kudaje, diro da kwari. Idan turnip yana matukar tasiri da kwari, to, za a buƙaci fesa bushes tare da kwayoyi masu kashe kwari, alal misali: Actellik, Karbofos, Metaphos, da dai sauransu.

Tsaftacewa da ajiya na turnips

Idan an yi komai daidai lokacin dasa shuki da girma turnips, wannan zai ba ku damar samun girbi mai albarka na wannan tushen amfanin gona. An riga an faɗi a sama cewa don ajiya a cikin hunturu, zaka iya amfani da turnips waɗanda aka shuka daga ƙarshen Yuni har zuwa kwanakin ƙarshe na Yuli. A Rasha, akwai al'adar girbi a kan daukaka, wato ranar 27 ga Satumba. Idan ka dauki lokaci mai tsawo ka girbi turnips, to, amfanin gona zai yawaita kuma zai rasa dandano.

Girbi yakamata ya fara a rana bushe, yayin da yakamata ku gwada kada ku cutar da turken, tunda amfanin gona mai lalacewa ya lalace a lokacin ajiya. Dug turnips bukatar datsa fi, yayin da tsawon sauran petioles ya kamata game da 10-20 mm, yanke duk tushen tushen. Cire duk wata ƙasa da ta ragu daga amfanin gona sai a ɗora su a cikin wani wuri mai duhu inda za su bushe.Bayan rarrabewa, an fara ajiye su don ajiya a ƙarƙashin wani ɓawon ciyawa, wanda aka cakuda shi da ƙasa, kauri ya kamata ya zama kusan santimita 10, sannan sai a sanya turnips a cikin gindin ko ɗakin, inda ya kamata a adana su a zazzabi na 0-3 digiri. Kafin sanya su a cikin cellar, dole ne a ninkaya a cikin akwatunan da aka cika da peat crumbs ko yashi bushe, yayin da dole ne a shirya su don kada turnips ɗin su taɓa juna. Idan an yi komai daidai, to ƙarshen turni zai riƙe sabo da yake da yawa na watanni. Idan amfanin gona masu tushe kalilan ne, to, za a iya rufe su da filastik kuma a saka su a kan shiryayyen firiji. Za'a iya adanar turnip a cikin filastik akan baranda. Tushen amfanin gona a cikin baranda kuma a cikin firiji zai iya kiyaye tsabtace su na kusan wata ɗaya. A zazzabi a daki, an adana turnips a kusa da jinjirin wata, to naman sa ya sami dandano mai daci. Tushen Tushen, wanda ya kai aƙalla 50 mm a ƙasan, yana da kyau a kiyaye sabo yayin ajiya.

Iri da nau'in turnips

Duk nau'in turnip ta manufa an raba shi zuwa abinci da cin abinci. Haka kuma, a tsakanin nau'ikan tebur akwai rukuni na nau'in salatin. Abincinsu shine tushen amfanin gona kawai ake amfani da shi don nau'in tebur, da kuma tushen amfanin gona da ciyawar domin salatin iri. Hakanan, dukkanin iri ta balaga sun kasu kashi biyu:

daskarewa da wuri - ya girma cikin kwanaki 40-60;
matsakaici na balaga - balagagge a cikin kwanaki 60-90;
marigayi ripening - ripen cikin kwanaki 90 ko ya fi tsayi.

Duk nau'ikan suna kuma raba don dandana. Wadannan nau'ikan da suka shahara sune:

Petrovskaya-1. Wannan tsakiyar-farkon iri-iri ne halin da kyakkyawan kiyaye ingancin, unpretentiousness da yawan aiki. Cakuda kayan lambu masu launin rawaya masu launin suna da zagaye mai ɗan ƙaramin launi da dandano mai ɗanɗano.
Daren Dare. Czech matsakaici-ripening iri-iri ne mai 'ya'ya. Tushen amfanin gona suna da nauyin kilogram 0.5; su, kamar dai ɓangaren litattafan almara, ana fenti da fari.
Geisha. Earlyan itace iri-iri na irin abincin da ya kawo wa Japan ɗin irin abincin dusar ƙanƙara yana da tsayayya mai ƙoshi da albarka. Yankakken fure mai siffa fararen kayan lambu suna da adadin kusan gram 200, ba su da kaifi-mai zafin gaske, wanda yake na wannan shuka ne, ana kuma amfani da fararen ganye mai ƙyalli don shirya salads.
Danta da. Thean farkon salatin saladan itace na salatin yana da ƙananan ƙananan fararen tushen fararen furanni, masu nauyi kimanin gram 60, an rufe su da fata mai kauri, naman jikinsu mai laushi da dumin jiki. Ana amfani da furen Vitamin don salads.
Mayu mai launin shuɗi-kai. Irin wannan nau'in ripening da wuri bai dace da ajiya ba, tushen abincinta yana da laushi mai laushi.
Safiyo. Irin waɗannan turnips na salatin suna da daraja sosai ga faranti mai laushi, mai laushi da ƙanshi.
Snow fari. Wannan sigar farkon inuwa-mai jurewa da saurin girke-girke iri-iri. Yawan taro na amfanin gona kusan gram 80 ne, suna da fari, kamar naman su, yana da matukar daɗi, m, mai laushi da taushi.
Kwallon zinare. Tsarin-tsami na tsaka-tsaki na wucin gadi mai ma'ana yana bambanta da juriya mai sanyi da ƙyamar ƙuruciya. Yawan taro na albarkatu masu launin rawaya na kusan zagaye shine kusan gram 150, an rufe su da laushi mai laushi da fata, naman jikinsu mai daɗi ne.
Farko cikakke purple. Wannan nau'in ya shahara sosai. Kayan lambu masu launin fari suna da siffar zagaye, a diamita sun kai daga 8 zuwa 12 santimita, kuma adadinsu shine gram 65-90. Abun saman su yana da launin shuɗi, kuma naman yana da santsi mai laushi kuma yana da fararen launi.

Wadannan nau'in turnip mai zuwa suna shahara sosai tsakanin masu lambu: Crunch, Tokyo Cross, Tura, Tura, ja, ƙwallo, ƙanƙan kankara, girman Rasha, tatsuniyar Rashan, Orbit, Presto, Rattle, Moon, May White, Little Red Riding Hood, Lira, Tortilla, Nurse, Comet, Dunyasha, Burnt sugar, farin Dutch, Gribovsky, Grandpa, Grandda Girl, da sauransu.