Dukkan shigarwa na lantarki da tsarin aiki suna buƙatar aiwatar da matakan ƙwararrun lantarki don ƙayyade yanayin gaba ɗaya, aminci da aiki na hanyoyin sadarwar lantarki, gami da aikin tabbatar da sigogin juriya. Don waɗannan ma'aunai, kuna buƙatar aiki tare da megohmmeter, na'urar da aka tsara don gano ƙarancin lahani. Don amfani da megaohmmeter, ya zama dole a yi nazarin halayensa na fasaha, ƙa'idar aiki, na'urar da takamaiman fasali.
Na'urar Megaohmmeter
Megaohmmeter na'urar da aka ƙera don auna manyan darajar juriya. Babban fasalin shi shine aiwatar da ma'aunai a manyan voltages da aka samar ta mai canzawa har zuwa 2500 volts (girman girman wutar lantarki ya bambanta a cikin samfuran daban). Mafi yawan lokuta ana amfani da na'urar don auna juriya daga abubuwan kebul.
Ko da wane nau'in, na'urar megohmmeter ta ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:
- hanyar lantarki;
- ammeter tare da sikelin kayan aiki;
- yayi bincike wanda wutar lantarki daga megohmmeter ya wuce zuwa abin da aka auna.
Aiki tare da megaohmmeter mai yiwuwa ne saboda dokar Ohm: I = U / R. Na'urar tana auna halin wutar lantarki tsakanin abubuwa biyu da aka haɗa (alal misali, firam 2, da fiɗa-ƙasa). Ana yin aunawa tare da wutar lantarki ta calibrated: la'akari da sanannun halin yanzu da kuma ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki, na'urar tana ƙayyade juriya.
Yawancin samfurin megaohmmeter suna da tashoshin fitarwa guda 3: ƙasa (3), layi (L); allo (E). Terminals Z da L ana amfani dasu don dukkan ma'aunin naúrar, E yana nufin ma'aunai tsakanin wasu sassan biyu masu kama da irin wannan.
Iri megaohmmeter
Akwai megohmmm iri biyu a kasuwa yau: analog da dijital:
- Analog (bayanin megaohmmeter). Babban fasalin na’urar shi ne janareta (dynamo), wacce aka fara ta juyawa daga abin rikewa. Analog ɗin na'urori analog tare da sikelin tare da kibiya. Ana auna juriya ta iska ne sakamakon aikin magnetoelectric. Ana saka kibiya a kan layi tare da maɗaurin firam, wanda ya shafi filin magnet ɗin dindindin. Lokacin da halin yanzu yana motsawa tare da murhun firam, kibiya ya karkata ta hanyar kwana, girmansa ya dogara da ƙarfi da ƙarfin lantarki. Nau'in ma'aunin da aka nuna yana yuwuwu saboda dokokin shigo da lantarki. Amfanin na'urorin analog sun haɗa da sauƙi da amincin su, rashin amfanin su shine babban nauyin su da yawa.
- Dijital (megaohmmeter na lantarki). Mafi yawan nau'in mita. A sanye shi da wani matattara mai ƙarfi na injin da ke aiki ta amfani da transistors na sakamako. Irin waɗannan na'urorin suna sauya madadin yanzu zuwa na yanzu kai tsaye; baturi ko cibiyar sadarwa na iya yin aiki a matsayin tushen yanzu. Ana gudanar da samfuri ta hanyar yin amfani da faɗakarwar wutar lantarki a cikin kewaye tare da juriya na daidaituwa ta amfani da amplifier. Ana nuna sakamakon aunawa akan allon na'urar. Abubuwan zamani suna da aikin adana sakamako a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don ƙarin bayanan kwatancen. Ba kamar megaohmmeter na analog ba, kayan lantarki suna da ƙananan girma da ƙarancin nauyi.
Yi aiki tare da megaohmmeter
Don yin aiki tare da na'urar, kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ake iya ɗaukar juriya tare da megohmmeter.
Dukkanin tsarin za a iya rarrabashi bisa ka'ida zuwa matakai uku.
Shirye-shirye. A wannan matakin, wajibi ne don tabbatar da cancantar masu aikatawa (kwararru tare da rukunin aminci na lantarki na akalla 3 an ba su damar yin aiki tare da megohmmeter), warware wasu batutuwan ƙungiyoyi, nazarin yanayin lantarki da kashe kayan lantarki, shirya kayan kida da kayan kariya.
Babban daya. A tsarin wannan matakin, don yin daidai da aminci amintaccen juriya, an samar da hanyoyin da za a yi aiki da megohmmeter:
- Aunawa da juriya na jure wayoyi. Theimar da aka ƙayyade kada ta wuce VPI (iyakan ƙimar babba) na na'urar.
- Saita iyakantaccen ma'auni. Idan ba a san darajar juriya ba, an saita iyaka mafi girma.
- Ana bincika abu don rashin ƙarfin lantarki.
- Disabon na'urori na semiconductor, masu ƙarfin wuta, duk sassan da rage rashi.
- Roundaukar da'irar a ƙarƙashin gwaji.
- Gyara karatun bayan minti na aunawa.
- Thearƙar karantawa lokacin auna abubuwa tare da babban ƙarfin aiki (alal misali, wayoyi babba mai yawa) bayan an ƙarfafa kibiya.
- Ana cire cajin da aka tara ta hanyar saukar da ƙasa a ƙarshen ma'auni, amma kafin cire haɗin megohmmeter.
Na karshe. A wannan matakin, an shirya kayan aikin don amfani da ƙarfin lantarki kuma an zana takardun don ɗaukar ma'auni.
Kafin ci gaba da ma'aunai, dole ne ka tabbata cewa na'urar ta yi aiki mai kyau!
Akwai wata hanya don bincika megaohmmeter don sabis. Wajibi ne a haɗa wires ɗin zuwa tashoshin na'urar sannan kuma a taƙaice fitowar kayan aikin. Sannan ana buƙatar wadatar da wutar lantarki kuma ana buƙatar bincika sakamakon. Megohmmeter mai aiki lokacin da auna gajeriyar hanyar ke nuna sakamakon "0". Sannan an yanke iyakar kuma an aiwatar da ma'auni sau da yawa. Darajan "∞" ya kamata a nuna shi akan allon. Wannan ƙimar shine juriya ta iska tsakanin iska tsakanin abubuwan fitarwa na na'urar. Dangane da dabi'u na waɗannan ma'aunai, zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa na'urar ta shirya don aiki da ƙwarewar aiki.
Dokokin aminci lokacin aiki tare da megaohmmeter
Kafin fara aiki tare da mita juriya, dole ne ku san kanku da aminci lokacin amfani da megohmmeter.
Akwai da yawa na asali dokoki:
- Yakamata a gudanar da bincike na musamman don wuraren da aka kebe iyakance;
- Kafin a haɗa megaohmmeter, yana da mahimmanci a tabbata cewa babu wutar lantarki a jikin injin din sannan kuma babu wasu mutane marasa izini a wurin aikin.
- Wajibi ne a cire saura wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa mai ɗaukar nauyin tashar da aka auna. Kada a cire haɗin ƙasa kafin a shigar da bincike.
- Dukkanin aiki tare da megaohmmeter bisa ga sababbin ka'idoji ana gudana a cikin safofin hannu masu kariya.
- Bayan kowane ma'auni, ana ba da shawarar haɗin haɗi don sauƙaƙe ƙarfin lantarki.
Don aiwatar da aiki tare da megaohmmeter a cikin shigarwa na lantarki, na'urar dole ne ta wuce gwaje-gwajen da suka dace kuma a tabbatar dasu.
Aikin jikewar juriya na wayoyi da kebul
A megohmmeter yakan gwada juriya na samfuran kebul. Ko da don masu ba da wutar lantarki na novice, tare da ikon yin amfani da na'urar, ba shi da wahala a duba kebul ɗin da-core. Gwaɗin kebul na da yawa zai zama lokaci-lokaci, saboda ana yin ma'auni ga kowane ƙyalli. A lokaci guda, sauran hanyoyin da suka rage suna haɗuwa cikin haɗuwa.
Idan kebul ɗin yana aiki, kafin a ci gaba da auna ƙarfin juriya, dole ne a cire shi daga tushen wutan lantarki kuma a cire kayan da aka haɗa.
Wutar lantarki mai sarrafa kanta lokacin da kebul na megohmmeter ya dogara da irin ƙarfin lantarki na cibiyar sadarwar da ke cikin kebul ɗin. Misali, idan waya tana aiki da karfin 220 ko 380 volts, to don ma'aunai wajibi ne don saita wutar lantarki ta 1000 volts.
Don aiwatar da ma'aunai, bincike guda dole ne a haɗa shi da cibiyar USB, ɗayan zuwa kayan yaƙi, sannan amfani da wutar lantarki. Idan darajar ma'aunin ta kasa da 500 kΩ, to, lalacewar waya ta lalace.
Dubawa da juriya na iska
Kafin fara bincika motar lantarki tare da megohmmita, dole ne ya kasance mai kuzari. Don yin aikin, wajibi ne don samar da damar yin amfani da ƙarshen yankewar iska. Idan ƙarfin wutar lantarki na motar lantarki shine 1000 volts, ya cancanci saita 500 volts don ma'auni. Don ma'aunai, binciken daya dole ne a haɗa shi da gidan motar, ɗayan bi da bi zuwa kowane fitarwa. Don bincika haɗin windings da juna, an shigar da binciken a lokaci guda akan windings biyu. Saduwa yakamata ya kasance tare da karfe ba tare da alamun zane da tsatsa ba.
Wannan labarin bayani ne don shiriyar kawai. Cikakken bayani cikakke kuma ingantaccen bayani yana ƙunshe cikin umarnin don amfani da megohmmeter, takardun fasaha da tsarin aiki.
