Takin mai sauki ne, yana kunshe da kashi daya ne kawai, misali, nitrogen, phosphorus ko potassium, da hadaddun lokacinda akwai wasu abubuwan da ake dasu a hade irin wadannan takin. Cikakken takin zamani ana kiranta hadaddun. Dangane da abun da ke ciki, sun kasu kashi biyu, ma'ana, samun ma'aurata kawai a abubuwanda suka kirkiro, misali, nitrogen da phosphorus, nitrogen da potassium ko phosphorus da potassium da sau uku, suna dauke da abubuwa uku ko sama da haka, kace, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium da abubuwa masu gano su. .
Gabatar da hadaddun takin zamaniAbun cikin labarin:
- Raba takin gargajiya
- Takin taki
- Daidaitattun hadaddun takin zamani
- Cakuda taki
- Yawan takin zamani
- Gaurayawar takin zamani
- Mafi shahararrun hadaddun takin zamani
- Cikakken takin - amophos
- Cikakken takin - sulfoammophos
- Cikakken takin - sinadarin lu'u-lu'u
- Cikakken takin - ammofoska
- Cikakken takin - nitroammophos da nitroammophosk
- Cakuda takin gargajiya
Raba takin gargajiya
A zahiri, adadin takaddun takaddun ba za a iya kira shi mai mahimmanci da rikitarwa ba, har ma da samun ilimin farko da wannan kayan zai samar muku, yana yiwuwa a fahimce su ba tare da wahala ba. Yawanci, waɗannan takin zamani ne mai ɗauke da nitrogen (N) da phosphorus (P), misali nitrogen-phosphorus: ammophos, nitroammophos, nitrophos, da kuma takin mai magani na phosphorus (P) da potassium (K), musamman potassium phosphate ko monophosphate na potassium, har ma da ternary, suna da dukkanin mahadi uku, nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium (NPK): ammophos, nitroammphosph, nitrophos da magnesium-ammonium phosphate dauke da nitrogen, phosphorus da magnesium (Mg)
Baya ga irin wannan rarrabuwar rarrabuwa, akwai mafi hadaddun tsari, wato, gwargwadon zabin samun takin. An rarrabasu cikin hadaddun, hade (takaddun da aka cakuda-hade), gauraye, takin ƙasa da haɗewar takin zamani
Takin taki
Kashi na farko shine takin zamani mai rikitarwa, ya hada da potassium nitrate ko potassium nitrate (KNO)3) - diammophos da ammophos. Ana samar da irin takin ta hanyar hulɗa da sinadaran abubuwan farko. Misali, a cikin tsarin su, ban da sanannun NPKs - nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium, microelements, magungunan kashe qwari daban-daban (fungicides, acaricides, kwari) ko ganyayyaki (wakilai na sako) na iya kasancewa.
Daidaitattun hadaddun takin zamani
,Arin, haɗawa ko takaddun-gauraya takaddun, wannan rukunin ya haɗa da takin mai magani, sakamakon samarwa wanda tsari ne na fasaha guda ɗaya. A cikin karamin granule na irin wannan takin duk manyan abubuwan uku za'a iya ƙunsar, amma ba a cikin babban sunadarai ba, amma a cikin daban-daban. Ana iya samun su saboda tasirin sinadarai na musamman da na zahiri kan kayayyakin farawa.
Hakanan yana iya zama takin mai magani ko dai ya ƙunshi kashi ɗaya ko da yawa. Wannan rukunin ya hada da: nitrophos da nitrophoska, nitroammophos da nitroammophoska, kazalika da potassium da ammonium polyphosphates, carboammophos, matattarar phosphorus-potassium da kuma hadaddun ruwa. Matsakaicin abubuwan gina jiki da suke dauke da su ya dogara da adadin abubuwan farawa da ake buƙata don kerar su.
Cakuda taki
Cakuda takin zamani sune abubuwan gama gari gama gari na yau da kullun da ake samarwa a cikin masana'antu ko tsire-tsire masu tsini (yin takin zamani).
Cikakkun kayan abinci mai wuya-haɗe koyaushe ana san abubuwa da haɓaka abubuwan manyan abubuwa, sabili da haka, amfanin su shine raguwar abin biyan kuɗin ƙasa. A sauƙaƙe, idan kun saya da saka kowane ɓangare daban-daban, zai zama mafi tsada fiye da idan kun adana su gaba ɗaya, lokacin da aka haɗu a haɗe ɗaya.
Koyaya, irin wannan takin ma yana da halaye marasa kyau - alal misali, rarar sinadarin nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium a cikin waɗannan takin mai magani yawanci sun bambanta tsakanin iyakataccen kunkuntar. Menene wannan ke magana? Ka ce, idan kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali ga nitrogen, kuma kuna gabatar da takaddun takaddara wanda a cikin wannan sinadarin yake mafi yawa, zaku ci gaba da wadatar da ƙasa tare da phosphorus da potassium, kuma ba koyaushe a cikin mafi kyawun allurai ba.
Yawan takin zamani
Baya ga rukuni-rukuni na takaddun takaddun takaddun, akwai ƙari da yawa, alal misali, takin mai magani da yawa. Baya ga abubuwan asali, ƙananan microelements da biostimulants suna cikin su. Wadannan abubuwan suna da tasirin ingantawa da inganta ayyukan ci gaban tsirrai.
Gaurayawar takin zamani
Kar ku manta game da hada takin zamani, yanzu a kasarmu samar da wadannan takin yana kai sabon matakin. Gaurayawar takin zamani yana hade da injina kuma dole ne ya dace da kowane nau'in takin zamani. Abun hadewar takin zamani za'a iya bambanta shi baki daya, zai baka damar zabi takamammen rabo don amfanin gona, irin su kasar gona da ma yankin. A cikin kasashen Yammacin duniya, amfani da hada takin zamani wata sananniya ce kuma sananniyar hanya ce ta wadatar da kasar gona da abinci, amma ga kasarmu wannan, zamu iya cewa, har yanzu ba sabon abu ba ne.
Tsarin takaddun ma'adinai mai ma'anaMafi shahararrun hadaddun takin zamani
Bari muyi magana game da takaddun takaddun takamaiman kuma yawancin amfanin yau da kullun.
Cikakken takin - amophos
Bari mu fara da takin ammophos. Wannan shine monoammonium phosphate, ƙirar sunadarai na wannan taki shine NH4H2PO4. Takin mai da hankali sosai, itace granule dauke da nitrogen (N) da phosphorus (P). A lokaci guda, nitrogen a cikin wannan takin yana cikin tsari na ammonium. Takin yana da kyau saboda baya ɗaukar danshi kuma ana iya ajiye shi a ɗakuna na yau da kullun, lokacin da ake amfani dashi ba ya samar da ƙurar ƙura, a lokacin ajiya na dogon lokaci ba ya coalesce, sabili da haka, ba lallai ba ne a murƙushe shi kafin aikace-aikace. Rashin yawan hygroscopicity, duk da haka, baya tasiri ragowar taki a ruwa.
Abin lura ne cewa ɗaukar ammophos a matsayin tushen, zaka iya shirya adadi mai yawa na samfuran takaddun da aka hade da takin gargajiya. Wannan taki ana daukar inganci sosai kuma yana iya dacewa da mu. Ana iya amfani da ammophos zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙasa kuma ana amfani dasu duka don babban takin ƙasa kuma don ƙarin miya. Ammophos kuma mai kyau ne ga takin ƙasa na greenhouses da greenhouses. Mafi girman tasirin amfani da ammophos ana samun shi ne a wuraren da ake fama da fari a lokaci guda, bi da bi, takin ƙasa da ake buƙata na buƙatar ƙasa da takin mai magani na phosphorus.
Cikakken takin - sulfoammophos
Tsarin hadaddun takaddun takaddun gaba shine sulfoammophos, tsari na sunadarai (NH4) 2HPO4 + (NH4) 2SO4. Wannan taki ana ɗaukar ta ta ƙasa kuma cikakke narkewa cikin ruwa. A waje, waɗannan sune granules masu ɗauke da nitrogen (N) da phosphorus (P). Takin yana da kyau saboda ba a ɗaukar lokacin ajiya, saboda haka, kafin amfani dashi baya buƙatar murƙushewa. Takin ba shi da hygroscopicity, sabili da haka, ana iya adanar shi a cikin ɗakunan talakawa, ƙari, lokacin amfani da zubar da shi, takin ɗin ba ya yin ƙura.
Ba kamar ammophos ba, sulfoammophos yana haɗuwa da phosphorus, wanda yafi narkewa cikin ruwa; ƙari, rabo daga waɗannan abubuwan biyu sun daidaita. Abubuwa na nitrogen suna cikin tsarin ammonium, saboda haka, a hankali ana wanke nitrogen a cikin ƙasa kuma wani abu mai mahimmanci daga tsire-tsire za su sha.
Bugu da kari, sulfur (S) shima yana cikin abun hadewar sulfoammophos; idan ya hadu, alal misali, a karkashin alkama, yana kara yawan kwayar gluten. Lokacin takin kasar gona don sunflower, fyade da waken soya, sulfoammophos yana haɓaka abubuwan mai a cikin tsaba.
A cikin adadi kaɗan, kusan rabin kashi, wannan taki ya ƙunshi magnesium (Mg) da alli (Ca), suna da mahimmanci don cikakken rayuwar tsirrai.
Yi amfani da wannan taki akan kowane nau'in ƙasa, ya dace da kowane amfanin gona. Ana iya amfani da takin ƙasa zuwa ƙasa kamar yadda na farko da sakandare. An tabbatar da nasarar da ake amfani da ita a cikin gidajen katako da hotbeds, musamman a hade tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen da ke dauke da potassium. Ta amfani da sulfoammophos, za'a iya samar da takin gargajiya da yawa da yawa.
Cikakken takin - sinadarin lu'u-lu'u
Wani hadadden takin zamani shine sinadarin acid, a zahiri shine sinadarin hydrogen na phosphate, tsari na sunadarai yana da tsari (NH4)2HPO4. Wannan takin yana mai da hankali, ba shi da nitrates, yana narkewa cikin ruwa kuma yana wakiltar manya manyan abubuwa, manyan abubuwanda suke nitrogen da phosphorus. Abubuwan da ba a shakkar wannan takaddar ba shine rashin hygroscopicity, caking da ƙurar ƙura yayin amfani da ƙasa da zubar. Baya ga abubuwan asali a cikin takin zamani akwai sulfur (S).
Cikakken takin - ammofoska
Sananne ga yawancin ammofoska (NH4)2SO4 + (NH4)2HPO4 + K2SO4, - ya ƙunshi dukkanin abubuwa uku masu mahimmanci. An tabbatar da ingancin wannan takin sama da sau ɗaya, a zahirinsa wani mawuyacin takin zamani ne wanda potassium (K) da phosphorus (P) sune potassium sulfate (K2SO4) da phosphate, da nitrogen - ammonium sulfate. Ammofoska ba shi da hygroscopicity, caking. Nitrogen a cikin abun da wannan takin yake a zahiri ba a wanke shi daga kasar gona ba. Baya ga manyan abubuwa guda uku, sulfur (S) shima yana cikin ammophos, kuma alli da magnesium ma suna nan. Ganin babu sinadarin chlorine a cikin abun da ke ciki, ana iya amfani da wannan takin amintaccen a cikin kasa tare da gyada. Za'a iya amfani da wannan taki a matsayin babba ko ƙarin akan kowane irin ƙasa kuma a ƙarƙashin dukkan albarkatu. 'Ya'yan itace da tsire-tsire, da kuma kayan lambu da dama, irin su dankali, suna ba da amsar musamman ga ammophos. Ammofoska shine takin zamani mai kyau na matattakuna da greenhouses.
Cikakken takin - nitroammophos da nitroammophosk
Nitroammophos (nitrophosphate) (NP) da nitroammophos (NPK), duka waɗannan hadaddun takin mai magani ana samun su ta hanyar magance cakuda phosphoric da nitric acid tare da ammoniya. Wannan takin wanda aka yi daga monoammonium phosphate ana kiran shi nitroammophos, kuma idan aka kara potassium (K) a cikin abun da ya kebanta da shi, to ana kiranta nitroammophos. A cikin takaddun takaddun takaddun akwai karin nitrophosphate; ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki suna nan, rabo wanda zai iya bambanta.
Misali, ana iya samar da takin na nitroammophos tare da adadin nitrogen a cikin abin da ke hade wanda ya bambanta daga kashi 30 zuwa 10, phosphorus - daga kashi 25-26 zuwa kashi 13-15. Amma game da nitroammophos, a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin manyan abubuwan, shine, nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium (N, P, K), kusan 51%. A cikin duka, ana samar da samfuran biyu na nitroammophoski - alama "A" da alama "B". A cikin sabon samfurin "A" an rarraba abun ciki na nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium kamar haka - 17 (N), 17 (P) da 17 (K), kuma a cikin samfurin "B" - 13 (N), 19 (P) da 19 (K ), bi da bi. A halin yanzu, ana iya samun sauran nau'ikan nitroammophoski tare da sauran mahadi akan siyarwa.
Dukkanin abubuwan da ke cikin nitroammophos suna cikin tsari mai narkewa-ruwa, saboda haka zasu kasance cikin sauki ga tsirrai. Tasirin nitroammophoski daidai yake da in muka gabatar da kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan daban, amma a farashin da ya juya kusan kusan sau biyu mafi rahusa don amfani da nitroammophoska. Ana iya amfani dashi akan kowane nau'in ƙasa, duka a kaka, da bazara, ko lokacin bazara.
Gabatar da takaddun takaddun ma'adinai mai narkewa cikin ruwaTsarin Hadin Kaya
Da kyau, a ƙarshe, zamuyi magana game da takaddun takaddun ruwa ruwa, saboda lambu da lambu suna da tambayoyi game da su. Ana samar da takin mai ruwa mai lalacewa ta hanyar cire polyphosphoric da phosphoric acid tare da ammonia, tare da ƙari da takin mai magani da yawa waɗanda ke ɗauke da nitrogen, alal misali, urea ko ammonium nitrate, kazalika da potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, da abubuwa masu alama ana haɗa su cikin takaddun takaddun ruwa mai tsada.
Sakamakon shine takin zamani, wanda adadin abubuwan gina jiki, wanda suka dogara da sinadarin phosphoric, ya kai kashi talatin cikin ɗari, wannan ƙaramin ne, amma idan an sami ƙarin hankali, to a ƙarancin zafin jiki salts ɗin yayi kuka da hazo.
A cikin takin zamani mai hadaddun ruwa, mahallin nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium wani lokaci sun sha bamban. Misali, nitrogen na iya zama daga kashi biyar zuwa goma, da kuma phosphorus da potassium - daga kashi shida zuwa goma. A Rasha, ana samar da takaddun takaddun ruwa yawanci tare da wadataccen abinci mai nauyin 9 (N) zuwa 9 (P) zuwa 9 (K), kazalika 7 zuwa 14 da zuwa 7, sannan 6/18/6 da 8/24/0. abin da ke ciki ana yawan rubuta su a kan kunshin.
Bugu da kari, ana yin takaddun takaddun ruwa akan tushen polyphosphate acid, wanda a cikin kusan kashi 40 na abubuwan gina jiki, alal misali, na iya zama 10 zuwa 34 da 0 NPK ko 11 zuwa 37 da 0 na abubuwan guda. Wadannan takaddun takaddun ruwa za'a iya samu ta hanyar jikewa tare da ammoniya na superphosphoric acid.
Wadannan takin zamani wasu lokuta ana kiransu da asali, ana amfani dasu koyaushe don ƙirƙirar abubuwan da ake kira takaddun takaddun ruwa mai rikitarwa, abun da ya bambanta sosai. An ba shi izinin ƙara ammonium nitrate, urea ko potassium chloride zuwa abun da ke ciki. A kashin na karshen, mummunan tasirin chlorine an sanya shi.
Tabbas, takin takaddun ruwa mai hadaddun suna da raunin da suke da shi, babban shine wahala a amfani dasu. Don wadatar da ƙasa tare da abubuwan gina jiki tare da taimakon irin takin, ya zama dole a sami kayan aiki na musamman don jigilar kayayyaki, aikace-aikace da adanar ruwa mai gina jiki.
Amma game da aikace-aikacen kai tsaye na kowane takin, ana iya aiwatar da tsarin ta hanyar watsar da ƙasa gaba ɗaya kafin tono ƙasa ko huɗa, don takin lokacin shuka ko dasa shuki ko a jere jerawa lokacin ciyarwa.
Yanzu kun san menene takaddun takin zamani, idan har yanzu kuna da tambayoyi, to ku rubuta su a cikin jawaban, zamu yi farin cikin amsawa.
