Boxwood (Buxus) wata itaciya ce mai tsalle-tsalle ta itace ko kuma itace daga dangin Boxwood, wanda aka san shi da jinkirin girma da yaɗuwa a cikin yanayin Gabashin Asiya, Rum da Yammacin Yankin Indies. Wannan tsohuwar al'adar tana girma ne a cikin tubs, a cikin lambun a kan bude ƙasa, a matsayin tsintsiyar ciyawa ko kuma a matsayin shinge, a matsayin tsare kuma kamar yadda ake yin kwalliyar ado a kan wani shiri na mutum a cikin siffofin mutane, dabbobi da abubuwa daban-daban da aka kirkira yayin datsewa. A gida, za'a iya girma katako a matsayin itace mai dwarf a cikin karamin fure ikon. A cikin Moscow da yankin Moscow, ci gabanta da kulawa ba ta bambanta da sauran yankuna. Abinda kuke buƙatar kulawa da hankali saboda yiwuwar tsananin sanyi shine shiri na boxwood don hunturu.
Boxwood inji bayanin
An bambanta tsire da ganyayyaki masu launuka masu yawa na siffar da aka zagaye, inflorescences na ƙananan furanni masu ƙanshi da -a boxan itace-launuka tare da tsaba masu launin m. Kodayake al'ada ita ce shuka ta zuma, amma ba a cinye itacen zuma saboda yawan gubar da ke jikinta.
Boxwood na iya jurewa da girki, kuma kyawunta mai kyau na ganyen ganye mai mashahuri sosai a tsakanin masu zanen fili wadanda suke yawan amfani da shukakkun wurare domin yin shimfidar wurare da kuma adana filaye daban daban. Babban fasali na shuka shine babban kwalliyar sa, rashin yarda da inuwa da kuma yanayin rashin ma'anarsa.
A yanayin, akwai kusan nau'ikan 100 na wannan al'ada ta al'adun gargajiya, kuma a matsayin shuka mai shuka, mafi kyawun katako shine Evergreen, -an karamin-goge, Caucasian, Balearic. Shahararrun nau'ikan sune Jummu na hunturu, Faulkner, Elegans, Suffruticose, da Blauer Heinz. Duk nau'ikan da nau'ikan sun bambanta a cikin nau'i, girman, juriya ga sanyi da fari, launi na ganye, yawan girma da tsawon rai, compactness da babban maƙasudi, matakin adorati.
Boxwood saukowa
Yaushe shuka boxwood
Kowane mai lambu yakan zaɓi lokacin dasa abubuwa don itacenwood, gwargwadon kwarewar su. Zai iya kasancewa kowane yanayi sai lokacin hunturu. An yi imani da cewa yafi dacewa a shuka shukar furanni a cikin kaka daga kusan goma sha biyar na Satumba zuwa goma ga Oktoba. Kafin farko na tsananin frosts, akalla wata daya ya kamata ya kasance, lokacin da boxwood zai sami lokaci don samar da tushen tsarin kuma ya karfafa tsarin rigakafi.
Inasa a cikin yankin da aka zaɓa na iya zama yumɓu, danshi, tare da ingantaccen ruwa kuma tare da ƙarancin abun ciki na lemun tsami, kuma shafin da kansa yakamata ya kasance a cikin inuwa ko kuma inuwa, ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Hasken rana yana ƙonewa a cikin ganyayyaki.
Yadda za a dasa katako na katako
'Ya'yan itacen Boxwood da aka saya a cikin kwantena dole ne a shayar da su sosai kwana ɗaya kafin dasawa. Don haka tushen sashi ya fi sauƙi a fita daga cikin tanki tare da dunƙulewar ƙasa. Idan za ta yiwu, ana ba da shawarar jiƙa ɓangaren tushen ba tare da ƙasa ba har kwana ɗaya.
Girman ramin saukowa ya dogara da girman Tushen tare da dunƙule na ƙurar ƙasa. Ya kamata ya zama kusan sau 2-3 sau da yawa kuma ya zurfafa. Ofasan ramin dole ne a cika shi da santimita mai santimita uku (misali, perlite), kuma dukkanin ramin yana cike da cakuda ƙasa daidai daidai na ƙasa da perlite.
An sanya seedling a cikin rami, daidaita dukkan asalinsu kuma sannu a hankali yin barci tare da shirye-shiryen substrate, sannan kuma ɗauka da sauƙi tamp. Yana da mahimmanci cewa lokacin saukarwa a cikin rami babu cajin iska, kuma matattarar tsararren tsire ke tsaye a cikin madaidaiciyar matsayi. Bayan wannan, ana shayar da seedlings nan da nan. Ruwa na ban ruwa za'a iya tsaftace shi. Kowane tsire-tsire zai buƙaci bulo na ruwa kimanin 2.5-3.
Bayan shiga cikin ƙasa a cikin rami na dasawa, ya zama dole don ƙara cakuda ƙasa a gefuna ba tare da haɗa kuɗi ba. Ana shawarar iyakokin da'irar keɓaɓɓun shinge tare da ƙaramin tukunyar ƙasa da ke kewaye da kewayen, wanda zai hana ruwa ban ruwa yaduwa. Dole ne a rufe saman da'irar gangar jikin tare da santimita biyu na santimita na perlite.
Bude akwatin kulawa
Akwatin itacen mara misalai baya buƙatar kulawa da yawa kuma baya haifar da matsala da yawa.
Watse
Ana yin shayarwa ta farko bayan an dasa shuki bayan kwana bakwai, muddin ba a yi ruwan sama ba a wannan lokacin, ko kuma kwana bakwai bayan an fara ruwan sama. A cikin yanayin matsakaici a cikin lokutan bazara, ya zama dole don shayar da seedlings a kai a kai tare da ƙarawa na kimanin lita goma na ruwa tare da daji mai girma zuwa mita ɗaya. A cikin lokacin bushewa da lokacin zafi sosai, ana aiwatar da ban ruwa tare da iri ɗaya, amma a cikin adadi mai yawa. Ruwa yakamata ya shiga da'irar akwati. Lokacin da ba a dace ba don ban ruwa ya kasance da sanyin safiya ko kuma bayan faɗuwar rana.
Kasar gona
Bayan kowace ruwa, ana bada shawara don sassauta kasar gona da fitar da ciyawa, kuma tare da samar da yanayin daskararren yanayi (a ƙarshen Mayu), da'irar gangar jikin dole ne a rufe shi da mulching Layer na peat. Kauri daga ciyawa kada ya wuce 8 cm kuma ya kasance yana hulɗa da sassan shuka.
Aikace-aikacen taki
Boxwood yana buƙatar ma'adinai na yau da kullun ko abinci mai gina jiki. Lokacin farko za'a iya amfani da takin kawai bayan dasa tushen shuka (kimanin wata daya daga baya), amma wannan ya shafi seedlings da aka dasa a bazara. Daga Mayu zuwa Satumba, zaku iya amfani da takin mai magani tare da abun ciki na nitrogen, kuma a cikin kaka, ya kamata ya haɗa da potassium da phosphorus. Za'a iya amfani da takin zamani tare da ban ruwa na ruwa a lokacin damuna na kaka.
Juyawa
Kyakkyawan lokacin dasa tsire-tsire shine bazara. Don duk lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, katako zai sami lokaci don daidaitawa a cikin sabon wuri, samar da tsarin tushensa kuma shirya da kyau don yanayin hunturu. Lokacin dasawa da al'adun tsofaffi, tare da dunƙule na dunƙule, hanya zata tafi tare da ƙarancin damuwa game da shuka.
Turawa
Ana shawarar yin gyaran fuska da gyara daidai ana yin su sau daya a wata. Ana aiwatar da aski na farko a ƙarshen rabin Afrilu ko a farkon watan Mayu. Itace mai sauƙin yarda da wannan hanya, amma ana buƙatar ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki da ƙarin buƙatar ruwa don tallafa wa katako bayan yankan. Pruning yana jujjuya bishiyoyi a fasalin geometric daban-daban. Kwallon kafa, Cones ko cubes sunyi kyau a kan shafin, amma suna buƙatar gyara lokaci. Pruning matasa girma da ke shafar ainihin sifar kambi na tsirrai.
Boxwood a cikin hunturu
Don saturate kasar gona tare da danshi na dogon hunturu, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da yawan shayarwa a farkon makon Nuwamba kuma amfani da wani yanki na ciyawa a cikin akwati na peat ko allura. A matsayin tsari ga akwatinwood amfani da spruce, burlap, maras masana'anta a yawancin yadudduka, lutrasil ko spanbond. Don kiyaye amincin rassan, ana ba da shawarar a ɗaura su ko a ɗaura su zuwa tallafi.
Sake bugun Boxwood
Tsarin iri
Woodwaya iri na Boxwood yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, saboda haka ba a yawan amfani da wannan hanyar haihuwa.
Yayan da aka yanyanka shinkafan ya kamata a sakaya su a cikin wani ruwa mai ruwa mai dumi tare da haɓaka mai haɓaka (alal misali, Epin ko Zircon) na tsawon awanni ashirin da huɗu, bayan wannan ruwan an shafa, kuma an shimfiɗa tsaba a kan zane mai bushe kuma an rufe shi da mayafin mai ruɓa iri ɗaya. Ya kamata masana'anta koyaushe su zama dan abin yin ruwa har tsawon kwanaki 20-30. Wannan lokacin ya zama dole don bayyanar fararen fure. 'Ya'yan itaciyar da aka tsiro an dasa su a ƙasa kuma ana dasa su a cikin cakuda ƙasa daga daidai sassan yashi da peat kuma an rufe su da polyethylene ko gilashi. Kafin fitowar, kwandon ya kamata ya kasance a cikin ɗaki mai dumi a cikin wurin penumbra. Tare da zuwan seedlings, an cire fim ɗin, ana yin shayi na yau da kullun da kuma kayan miya, kuma a farkon watan Mayu ana tura su zuwa buɗe ƙasa.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Hakanan an shirya cutan da aka yanka don rana ɗaya a cikin wani bayani tare da haɓaka haɓakawa, bayan wannan ana dasa su akan abin da aka samo daga takin ƙasa, takin ƙasa da yashi a daidai gwargwado kuma an rufe shi da babban kwalban filastik tare da yanke ƙasa. Barin ya ƙunshi sanyaya da iska. Tushen zai zama a cikin watanni 1-2. Don hunturu, an rufe ganyen tare da ganye masu ganye ko rassan spruce.
Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa
A cikin bazara, da ƙananan harbe suna pinned a ƙasa kuma yafa masa. Watering da ciyar da ake a kai a kai har zuwa faduwar. Bayan tushen, yadudduka sun rabu kuma suna dasa shi.
Cutar da kwari
Wataƙila kwari na boxwood - boxwood gall midge, gizo-gizo mite, ji.
Gallitsa tare da isowar yanayin zafi mai dumin zafi yana sanya adadi mai yawa a kan ganye da harbe, daga abin da larvae daga baya kyankyasar, sannan kuma kwari kwari. A gaban kwari ne m da taro bushewa da fadowa daga ganye.
Shootsan itacen da ke bushe da kumburi a kulilen ganye suna nuna kasancewar jin wani abu. Kuma baƙon da ba a gayyatarsa ba, ɗan gizo-gizo gizo-gizo yawanci yakan bayyana a kan shuka a cikin matsanancin fari kuma a yanayin zafi mai iska.
Kuna iya lalata duk kwari mai yiwuwa tare da taimakon spraying tare da sunadarai na musamman. Misali, Tagore, Fufanon, Karbofos, Aktara. Treatmentaya daga cikin jiyya ya isa, amma idan ya cancanta, ana iya maimaita shi bayan wasu kwanaki 10.
Cutar mai yuwuwar ita ce harbin necrosis da cancer. Yawancin tabo suna bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, kuma ƙarshen harbe sun fara mutuwa. Don kawar da cutar ta necrosis, ana aiwatar da maimaita magani na shuka tare da fungicides. An bada shawara don cire wuraren bishiyun ko ɗanyen daji wanda cutar kansa ta shafa, kuma bi da wuraren yanke tare da shiri "Fundazol".
Iri da nau'in katako
Akwatin sandwood (Buxus sempervirens) - Mafi yaduwa a cikin Bahar Rum da Caucasus, inda ya fi dacewa da girma a cikin gandun daji mai rikitarwa da gauraye. Itacen ya kai tsayi har zuwa 15 m, nau'in shrub na wannan nau'in yana da wuya. Green harbe a mike, tetrahedral. Ganyayyaki suna akasin haka, kusan ba tare da petioles ba, mai santsi, m, koren duhu a saman ɓangaren na sama da matte haske kore har ma da launin shuɗi a kan ƙananan. Siffar ganyayyaki suna da elongated-elliptical, tsayinsa ya kai 1.5-3 cm An tattara ƙananan furanni masu ƙaramin ƙananan a cikin ƙananan inflorescences. 'Ya'yan itacen suna cikin kamannin ɗakunan ƙwayar maras nauyi tare da leafan ganye da ke buɗe lokacin da tsaba suka yi girma. Dukkanin sassan itacen katako masu guba ne. Shahararrun nau'ikan su ne Suffruticose, Flower Heinz, Elegans.
Akwatin kananan yara (Buxus microphylla) - Ba kamar yadda ake amfani da katako mai katako ba, wannan nau'in ya fi hunturu-Hardy. Wannan dan Koriya ne ko Jafananci na akwatinwood, wanda zai iya tsayayya da daskararru na sama da digiri 30 a cikin hunturu ba tare da mafaka ba, kuma yana buƙatar tsari daga rana mai haske mai haske. Shahararrun nau'ikan sune Jummu Jaka da Faulkner.
Akwatin Boxwood ko Caucasian (Buxus colchica) - wannan nau'in mai jinkirin-girma, shi ne ɗan ƙaramin katako mai tsayi-hunturu na kowane nau'in Turai. Yana zaune har zuwa shekaru 600, yana kaiwa tsayin 15-20 m, diamita na gangar jikin a gindi - kimanin 30 cm.
Akwatin Balearic (Buxus balearica) - Wannan nau'in ya girma a tsibirin Balearic, kudancin Spain, Portugal da Dutsen Atlas, a arewacin Morocco. Wannan shine mafi girman nau'in ganye: ganyen Ballaric boxwood ya kai 4 cm a tsayi kuma nisa 3 cm. Tsirrai mai haɓaka mai sauri, yana da halaye na kayan ado masu matukar girma, amma, abin takaici, ba hunturu-Hardy bane.
