Sake bugun Rhododendron

Matsayi na adorativeness da kwalliya na fure, kyakkyawan rhododendron lambun don yawancin lambu shine mafarki kawai. Sunan ƙungiyar keɓaɓɓiyar shuka ya haifar da jita-jita da yawa game da wahalar girma, da ƙarancin hunturu, da ƙarancin karbuwa ga yanayin tsakiyar layin. Kuma ba ɗayan waɗannan jita-jita ba ne kawai, kamar labarin almara na cewa rhododendrons ba za a iya yada shi da kanka ba. Za a iya girma Rhododendrons daga ƙwaya, a keɓe, har ma daga tsaba, karɓar ɗan itacen fure mai tsada a ƙarancin farashi.

Daban-daban na rhododendrons suna da yawa sosai ban da nau'in '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' kudanci '' akwai nau'ikan iri da kuma dubunnan iri da aka daidaita su don namo a yankuna masu tsananin sanyi. Tsakanin rhododendrons akwai irin wannan nau'in da suke jin daɗin arewa na tsakiyar latitude. Ya rayu tsawon rai, sannu a hankali yana girma, amma kyawawan kyawawan abubuwa, waɗannan tsintsaye sune ma'aunin kyau. Ganyayyaki masu duhu mai duhu mai duhu suna haifar da lokacin farin ciki, mai yawa, kambi mai ƙyalƙyali, wanda ya kasance ruwan hoda mai launin fari, fararen kaya, ja ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.

Cikakkiyar bayyanar rhododendrons gaba daya tana nuna babban farashin kayan shuka. Rhododendrons ɗayan nau'ikan tsirrai ne masu tsada, amma kowane sayan ya juya zuwa shekarun da suka gabata na nishaɗi kuma tare da zaɓi mai kyau na yanayin girma koyaushe yana kashewa. Ko da karami, tsire-tsire matasa suna da tsada sau da yawa fiye da yadda aka saba da ire-iren tsire-tsire na fure. Akwai hanya guda daya don ceton kuɗi ko samun adadi mai yawa na kayan shuka tare da ƙarancin kuɗin kuɗi - don tsunduma cikin kiwo rhododendrons da kanka.

Sake bugun rhododendrons ba komai bane mai wahala. Tabbas, saboda gaskiyar cewa baza'a iya kiran daji da sauri ba, dole ne ku jira ya daɗe sosai don cimma cikakkiyar ado fiye da lokacin sayen koda matasa "shirye da aka yi" shuka. Amma da tsire-tsire za su fi dacewa da yanayin lambun ku, za su yi mamakin ƙara ƙarfin hali da rashin daidaituwa.

Zai yiwu a zaɓi hanyoyin da yaduwar yaduwar rhododendrons ta halayen tsire-tsire da kansu. Dabbobi, ko rhododendrons na daji, ana iya yaduwa da tsire-tsire kuma ana samun su daga tsaba. Varietal rhododendrons, musamman na zamani da sababbi iri, sune yawancin lokuta hadadden tsari kuma ana ba su shawarar su iyakance kansu ga hanyoyin ciyayi.

Hanyoyin yaduwar Rhododendron:

1. Shuka tsaba don shuka tare da girma cikin kwantena shekaru.
2. Yankan.
3. Maimaitawa.

Sauran hanyoyin sune:

• rabuwa na bushes amfani da tsofaffin, tsirrai masu girma;
• alurar riga kafi na cuttings na rare iri a kan hannun jari na hunturu-Hardy da Hardy rhododendrons.

Yaduwa da rhododendrons ta yanke

Duk da gaskiyar cewa rhododendrons ana ɗauka su zama tsintsiya madaidaiciya a hankali, babu wasu ƙayyadaddun matsaloli dangane da aikin grafting. Otsan buɗe ido suna ɗaukar tushe a cikin 'yan watanni bisa ga tsarin daidaitacce, kuma tsirrai na iya yin fure har shekara mai zuwa.

Yankan katako a cikin rhododendrons ana yin su ne kawai a farkon rabin bazara (ko ƙarshen bazara - don nau'ikan fure da nau'ikan fure).

Don grafting, ƙarfi da lafiya, Semi-lignified ko fara zuwa woody shekara harbe aka zaɓi. Lokacin yankan yankan, yana da kyau barin daidaitaccen apical ko kara daga saman rassan tsararran daga 7 zuwa 10 cm tsayi, kuma don rhododendrons tare da tsarin tsintsiya na ganye - har zuwa cm 15. Don nau'in yanke hukunci, yana da kyau a zaɓi tsarukan apical. Dole ne a cire ƙananan ganyayyaki daga yankan itace, ya bar ganyayyaki biyu na babba akan kowane shoot. Ba lallai ba ne don rage ragowar ganye a kan cuttings. Yankan kanta ana yinsa ta al'ada a kusurwar 45 digiri.

Pre-treatment na rhododendron cuttings ya sauko zuwa soaking a girma na kara kuzari. Ba tare da shi ba, tushen zaiyi jinkiri kuma dukkanin ayyukan zasu jinkirta. Yawancin lokaci, don wannan bishijan, ana bada shawara don nutsad da ƙananan ɓangarorin yankuna a cikin maganin kowane haɓaka mai haɓaka ko tushe don sa'o'i 15 zuwa 15.

Yanke rhododendron.

Ana amfani da kowane akwatuna ko kwano don dasa bishiyoyin rhododendron, idan ana so, za a iya ɗaukar tushen a duka a kan gado a cikin gidan kore ko a cikin ƙasa, kuma a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, amma moistening na yau da kullum a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi ya fi wahala, kamar yadda ake sarrafa yanayi da haɓakar seedlings. Soilasa don dasa tushen dole ne ya dace da bukatun itacen da kanta. Don rhododendrons, ana amfani da substrate na acidic na musamman - abubuwan da aka shirya don haɗin ƙasa don rhododendrons ko haɗin ƙasa wanda aka haɗa da peat, ƙasa mai yaduwa da yashi daidai gwargwado. Amma idan babu wani kebantaccen yanayi, zaku iya ɗaukar tare da sauƙi peat da yashi cakuda daidai sassan.

A kan aiwatar da dasa cuttings babu wani abu mai rikitarwa:

1. Kwantena suna cika kasar gona da matakin ta.
2. An binne yankan a cikin substrate, suna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa ba a haɗa su daidai ba, amma a wani kusurwa (kusurwa na digiri 30 ana ɗaukarsa kyakkyawa).
3. Ana yankan yankan "matse", suna matsewa zuwa ƙasa kuma sun gama dasa ta ban ruwa.
4. An rufe kwantena tare da filayen gilashi ko fim, guje wa hulɗa tare da yankan kansu.

Kafin yin tushe, dole ne a ad da tsarurrukan a kowane yanayin zafi daga digiri 25 zuwa 30 na Celsius kuma a kula da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsin danshi da babban zafi. Don tushen rhododendron, yana da kyau ƙirƙirar yanayi inda zafin jiki na substrate zai kasance da digiri da yawa sama da yawan zafin jiki na iska. Yana inganta tushen aiki da ƙarin watsawa, yana kawo tsawon lokacin awoyi zuwa awoyi 14-16.

A matsakaici, tushen yan itace a cikin rhododendrons yana ɗauka daga watanni 2 zuwa 3. Yanke daga rhododendrons mai lalacewa, wanda a cikin tushen farkon zai iya bayyana bayan makonni 5-6, yana yiwuwa mafi yawan tushe. Yawan nau'in Evergreen na iya daukar tushe koda watanni 4-5. Rooting rhododendrons ana ɗauka mai girma, a cikin 85% na lokuta, grafting ya yi nasara, amma akwai nau'ikan tushen iri da nau'in wahala. Ya bambanta da ci gaban sassa na iska, ana kafa tsarin tushen iko mai sauri a cikin yanke.

Rooting cuttings na rhododendron.

Bayan dasawa, ba a dasa tsire-tsire nan da nan zuwa wuri na dindindin ba, amma cikin kwantena, a hankali ankyashe shi da adana ƙasa a kewayen sa. Don matasa tsire-tsire, ana buƙatar substrate acid. Mafi kyawun cakuda ƙasa shine shirye-shiryen da aka yi don rhododendrons ko kayan peat, wanda aka ƙara allurar Pine (2 zuwa 1 rabo). Ana bayar da tsire-tsire tare da shayarwa na yau da kullun, guje wa waterlogging ko bushewa daga cikin substrate. Makonni biyu bayan dasawa, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da takin nitrogen. Har zuwa lokacin bazara, lokacin da ya yiwu a juyawa rhododendrons da aka samo daga ƙwaya a cikin ƙasa, ana sa su a cikin ɗakuna masu sanyi tare da kyakkyawan haske. Mafi kyawun tsarin zafin jiki daga 8 zuwa 12 digiri.

A cikin bazara, ana iya canja tsire-tsire ko dai bude ƙasa don girma, ko kuma dasa shi cikin manyan kwantena. Don wata daya zuwa shekaru biyu, rhododendrons suna girma kuma sai kawai a dasa su a cikin dindindin.

Rhododendron yaduwa ta hanyar farawa

Tsarin dasa sanduna a cikin rhododendrons ya ɗan bambanta da irin hanyar yaduwa iri ɗaya na wasu tsirrai na fure. Idan wasu dabbobin gidan dabbobi kawai suna birkitawa da ɗaure reshe, to don rhododendrons dole ne ku kula da wasu matakai. Tushen yadudduka a cikin bazara.

Don samun farashi, ana lura da rhododendron daji sosai kuma an kasafta shi zuwa matsanancin harbe-harbe mafi kusanci da ƙasa. Yin amfani da babban adadin rassa a lokaci guda ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi ba. Daga cikin daji guda ɗaya zaka iya dasawa sama da harbe 3-5.

Tsarin karfafawa kanta yana da sauki sosai:

1. A kan rassa a wuraren tuntuɓar gaba da ƙasa, kuma yana da kyau a yi sashin layi mai tsayi, rarrabe itace daidai kamar yadda ake yin sa akan vines na cikin gida. Don hana yankewa rufe, an saka guntu ko wasa a ciki. Irin waɗannan matakan ba lallai ba ne, amma suna ba ku damar samun tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi da sauri.
2. An yi ƙaramin rami a wurin lanƙwasa (zurfi da diamita game da 15 cm).
3. An yi reshe a kasa kuma an gyara shi tare da suttura ko aski a cikin rami.
4. An haɗu da harba tare da ƙasa mai acidic (alal misali, cakuda peat da ƙasa lambun) da mulched daga sama tare da peat.
5. Ragowar tip na harbi ana tura shi sama, a ɗaure shi da fegi.

Don tushen harbi kawai kana buƙatar kulawa da danshi na yau da kullun, kula da danshi na danshi ƙasa.

Yawanci, tushen yadudduka a cikin rhododendrons yana ba da sakamako a cikin shekarar guda. Twigs gyarawa a cikin ƙasa a cikin lokaci tsari Tushen kuma suna shirye don dasa a cikin fall. Amma a cikin yankuna tare da matsanancin winters, wanda bai isa ya rusa dasa ba. Zai fi kyau canja wurin rhododendrons zuwa wani sabon wuri ne kawai lokacin bazara mai zuwa, a cikin ranakun dasa shuki, saboda lokacin rabuwa da kaka, tsire-tsire ba zasu da lokacin daidaitawa zuwa hunturu kuma yana iya mutuwa. Don kiyaye tushen aikin har sai shekara mai zuwa, kawai rufe su da bushe ganye da spruce rassan.

Rarrabewa daga sanyaya daga mahaifiyar daji zai fi kyau a bazara. Digging ne da za'ayi a hankali, a wata nisa nesa, ƙoƙarin kada su lalata ko da thinnest Tushen da ajiye wata earthen ball a kusa da sabon shuka. Bayan dasa shuki a cikin wani wuri na dindindin, nan da nan sai suka shuka ciyawa kuma suka samar da tsire-tsire (har sai sun daidaita) tare da kulawa da kulawa.

Hakanan wannan hanyar tana da wani zaɓi na dabam - dutsen tushen gandun daji na rhododendron tare da ƙasa mai ruwan acidic yayin riƙe da danshi na dindindin ƙasa, wanda ke ba da izinin karɓar ɗumbin adadin harbe a ƙarshen shekara ba tare da pinning ba.

Yaduwa da Rhododendrons ta Tsaba

Girma rhododendrons daga tsaba ba aiki bane mai sauƙi. A kan aiwatar da shuka kanta, babu wani abu mai rikitarwa, kuma yanayi na harbe matasa, kodayake ba kwatankwacin hali ba, ba wahalar sake ba. Amma a nan tsawon lokacin girma da babban haɗarin mutuwar shuka, kazalika da buƙatar samar da kulawa ta zahiri, asarar tumatir sakamakon tsallakewa ko da ban ruwa ɗaya ne ya sa ƙwayar yaduwar hanya mafi haɗari da cin lokaci, kodayake mafi tattalin arziƙi. Rhododendrons da aka samu daga tsaba zasuyi fure bayan shekaru 4-10.

Za'ayi shuka iri na rhododendron a bazara, a cikin Maris ko ƙarshen Fabrairu. An kiyaye Germination sosai, tsawon shekaru yana tsakanin 50 zuwa 80%.

An shuka tsaba Rhododendron a cikin kowane kwantena masu dacewa don shuka shuka, tare da ramuka na magudanar ruwa, sarari, tsabta, ba lallai bane ya zama ƙasa. An zaɓi girman girman kwantena gwargwadon yawan tsirrai: tunda tsire-tsire za su yi girma na dogon lokaci, zai fi kyau a iyakance kanka ga ganga ɗaya. Don rhododendrons, zaku iya zaɓar kowane irin sako-sako, mai dausayi mai kyau don shuka. Matsakaici mai dacewa don tsiro seedlings shine cakuda ƙasa-peat ƙasa ko cakuda cakuda ƙasa ta musamman don rhododendrons tare da yashi daidai gwargwado. Kafin shuka, dole ne a lalata ƙasa ta kowace hanya.

Sake bugun rhododendron ta hanyar tsaba.

Kan aiwatar da shuka rhododendron abu ne mai sauki:

1. Kwantena suna cika ƙasa kuma suna ɗanɗano shi ba tare da tamping ba. Watering da shuka ba a za'ayi.
2. Tsaba suna warwatse a farfajiya na ƙasar kamar yadda ba zai yiwu ba don kawar da themselvesaukan wuce gona da iri da kuma bakin ciki. Abubuwan Rhododendron suna ƙanana kaɗan, saboda haka shuka shuka yana buƙatar daidaito ko pre-hade da yashi.
3. An shuka tsaba Rhododendron a farfajiyar ƙasa ba tare da yin bacci tare da tsammanin cewa seedlings masu zuwa nan gaba suna nesa da 1-1.5 daga juna ba.
4. Idan kwantena tare da amfanin gona ba su da girma, ana shayar da su ta kwanon ruɓi, suna barin acidified ko ruwa mai laushi su jiƙa duka danshi tare da danshi. Wuce haddi dole ne a kyale a magudana daskarewa. Amfanin gona a cikin manyan kwantena ana shayar da su a hanyar da ta saba, tana aiki a hankali.
5. Amfanin gona an rufe shi da fim ko gilashi.

Halin da za a yi don shuka ƙwayar rhododendron ya kamata ya kasance kusa da wuri zuwa matsakaicin ɗakin matsakaici. Yawancin lokaci, seedlingsan farkon seedlings suna bayyana wata daya bayan shuka, amma idan tsaba sun cika sabo, zasu iya yin huɗa tare a ƙasa da sati uku. Babban iska da keɓaɓɓiyar danshi suna da mahimmanci.

Mafi sashi mai wahala a cikin aiwatar da girma rhododendrons daga tsaba yana farawa lokacin da aka cire fim ko gilashi daga kwantena tare da harbe-harbe. Matasa harbe suna buƙatar motsawa daga zafi zuwa sanyi. Mafi kyawun abun ciki na rhododendrons shine a yanayin zafi daga 8 zuwa 12 digiri. Idan ka bar amfanin gona mai daɗi, zasu zama masu haɗari ga cututtuka kuma da sauri za su bushe. Matasa rhododendrons ana shayar dasu a hankali, suna kulawa da danshi na ƙasa kuma kiyaye shi kullun. Idan kasan ruwa da aka za'ayi a lokacin shuka, to don rage hadarin yaduwar rot, da hanyar ba na gargajiya, amma m amfani da kara. Idan za ta yiwu, zai fi kyau harbe shi don samar da hasken baya.

Plantsawataccen tsire-tsire suna saba da sabo ne a cikin iska, saboda ta bazara za a iya fitar da su zuwa baranda ko kuma gonar. Ana aiwatar da ɗaukar hoto Spike a watan Yuni, yana canja wurin tsire-tsire zuwa manyan kwalaye tare da nisan 1.5 cm tsakanin tsire-tsire.

Sanya cikin gonar don wani lokacin dumi shine mafi kyawun zaɓi, yana ba ku damar samun ƙarin tsire-tsire masu dacewa. A cikin iska, ana sanya rhododendrons a cikin wurare masu haske, amma ana kiyaye su daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Rhododendrons ana ci gaba da shayar da kullun ta cikin kwanon rufi, yana cike gurbin da ruwa kuma yana barin ƙarancin da aka kashe, ko kuma a cikin hanyar da ta saba. Bushewa da substrate yana da haɗari sosai, a sakamakon fari, ƙananan ƙananan harbe sukan mutu sau da yawa, amma dampness ma ba a son su.

Ikon da ke da rhododendrons an koma da su ɗakunan da zazzabi na 8 zuwa 18 tare da isowar lokacin sanyi na farko. Ga matasa rhododendrons, mafi kyawun hasken rana awoyi 16-18 ne. Sabili da haka, yana da kyawawa don haskaka su a cikin hunturu. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire a hankali.

Shukayen Rhododendron.

A ƙarshen Fabrairu ko a watan Maris, seedlingsan itacen sun sake yin ruwa, suna sake komawa zuwa nisan da ke tsakanin cm cm 3-4 Bayan an yi ruwa na biyu, bayan makonni biyu fara farawa na farko ya fara. A cikin shekara ta biyu na namo, an maimaita dabarun iri ɗaya tare da cire tsire-tsire don bazara a cikin lambun da kuma hunturu a ɗaka. Ana yin riguna na sama sau 2-3 a kowace kakar - bayan nutsewa da sau biyu a lokacin bazara tare da cikakken takin ma'adinai (ɗayan manyan riguna za a iya sanya foliar).

Ana canja tsire-tsire zuwa ƙasa a kan seedlings kawai a shekara ta uku bayan shuka, a cikin bazara. Duk da gaskiyar cewa ,an Kanada, Jafanawa da Daurian rhododendrons suna da ikon iya fitar da riga a cikin shekara ta uku bayan shuka, yana da kyau a cire duk buds kuma a haɓaka ci gaban taro mai ƙarfi na ciyayi. A lokacin kakar, ana aiwatar da sutura 2 na sama - ɗaya bayan dasawa, ɗayan - a lokacin rani, samar da tsire-tsire tare da mulching, weeding, loosening na ƙasa da kuma yin ruwa a kai a kai a fari.

Rhododendrons da aka samu daga tsaba ana canzawa zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa a shekara ta huɗu ko biyar.

Saukowa da matasa rhododendrons a cikin wani wuri na dindindin

Don rhododendrons da aka samo daga tsaba, itace ko wasu hanyoyi, an zaɓi wurin namo daidai a hankali.Shuke-shuke ba sa son hasken rana kai tsaye da wuraren iska. Sun zabi wuraren da ba kowa, wuraren da aka tsare su tare da hasken wutar lantarki mai haske ko inuwa, suna sanya rhododendrons a ƙarƙashin kwarin bishiyoyi ko gefen arewa na gine-gine da abubuwan kananan gine-gine. Yawancin lokaci rhododendrons "haɗu" tare da conifers. Wadannan tsintsayen sun gwammace kwance, abinci mai gina jiki da haɓakar ƙasa mai haɓaka tare da amsa pH daga 4.5 zuwa 5.0. Clayy, mai yawa, mai nauyi, mai laushi ko ƙasa mai laushi tare da haɗarin tsautsayi na ruwa ko babban matakin faruwar ruwan ƙasa bai dace da su ba.

Rhododendrons, ba tare da la'akari da hanyar haifuwa ba a cikin dindindin, ana shuka su sosai a cikin bazara. Don dasa, cakuda ƙasa na peat, ciyawar ganye da kuma zuriyar dabbobi masu zurfi an shirya su a gaba. Dole ne a gabatar da cikakken yanki na ma'adinin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa kuma ya haƙa rami rami tare da nisa da zurfin game da cm 60-70. Don ɗan itace, sanya babban magudanar ruwa na kayan da ba a sani ba. Matsakaicin saukowa ya dogara da girman daji na gaba na wani nau'in halitta ko nau'in halitta kuma ya yi girma daga 70 cm don mafi yawan rhododendrons zuwa 2 m ga mafi girma.

Mafi mahimmancin sashi a cikin dasa rhododendrons shine saka idanu kan matakin zurfin tushen wuyan. Ko da la'akari da lalacewar ƙasa, wajibi ne a shigar da seedling a cikin ramin dasawa saboda, a sakamakon haka, tushen wuyan ya kasance 2-3 cm sama da layin ƙasa. Around rami rami nan da nan ƙirƙirar rami rami, kammala dasa ta yawan watering da mulching daga needles ko peat.

Dasa wani karamin daji na rhododendron.

Daga farkon yanayin farko, bayan dasa shuki a cikin wurin dindindin don tsire-tsire sau 2-3 a shekara (a farkon lokacin bazara da bayan fure), ana amfani da takin ma'adinan cikakke. A cikin fari kuma tare da alamun karancin ruwa, ana shayar da bushes a yalwace. Kwancen da ciyawa a cikin da'irar kara ya fi dacewa a kiyaye. Nisar da ƙasa ana yin ta da ƙasa, bayan ban ruwa ko ruwan sama mai nauyi, ƙawance ciyawar a kai a kai. A farkon shekara bayan dasa shuki a cikin dindindin wuri, rhododendron bushes ba a yarda ya yi fure.

Kafin isowar sanyi na farko, ana yin ruwan ban ruwa. A cikin shekaru biyu na farko da na gaba, ana rufe tsire-tsire tare da rassan spruce da ganyayyaki bushe, rhododendrons mai raguwa a ƙasa. Idan iri-iri na bukatar tsari mafi aminci, ana aiwatar da shi ne da bin ka'idodin fasahar aikin gona. Da tsire-tsire da aka samo daga tsaba ƙarancin hunturu-Hardy, don hunturu suna da shinge tare da babban earthenware na tushe na bushes da kuma tsari sosai ta rassan spruce. Evergreen rhododendrons suna buƙatar kariya daga kunar rana a jiki.