Hyacinthus (Hyacinthus) - wani kyakkyawan shuka ne mai bulbous daga dangin Asparagaceae, suna yin fure a cikin bazara. Daga tsohuwar yaren Girkanci sunan ya fassara a matsayin "fure mai ruwa", tunda hyacinth tare da ruwan sama na bazara na farko. Amma Helenawa ma sun kirata da “fure mai bakin ciki” kuma suna danganta wannan fure da Apollo da kisan saurayin ɗan sarki Sparta. Homelandasar wannan ingantacciyar itaciya ana ɗaukarta Rum din da kuma yankin kudu maso gabas Asiya.
Ciyawar fure ta hyacinth tana iya zama tsintsiya ko tsayi. Daga kanti daga cikin ganyayyaki ya zo da wata farfajiya mai laushi tare da furanni masu yawa waɗanda suke kama karrarawa kuma ana tattara su a tseren tsere. Furanni suna wakilta ta yawancin tabarau da ba tsammani. A ganye ne m, fleshy, m kore.
Shahararrun nau'in hyacinth
Za'a iya raba dukkan hyacinth zuwa manyan nau'ikan guda uku, waɗanda ke girma a cikin ƙasashen Rum. Kodayake botanists suna ci gaba da yin muhawara game da wasu nau'ikan, suna son tsara su a matsayin masu zaman kansu, amma bisa ga bayanan hukuma, kawai manyan bambance-bambancen hyacinth sun bambanta:
Hyacinth gabashin (Hyacinthus orientalis) - shahararrun nau'ikan da na kowa. Daga wannan nau'in ne mafi shahararrun nau'ikan kayan ado suka fito daga. A cikin daji, yana girma a Dalmatia, Girka da Asiya .arami.. Itaciyar fure na tsiro tayi da bakin ciki, ba safai ake samun furanni ba. Furanni suna da launi daban-daban da ƙanshi mai daɗi.
Hyacinth Litvinova - Ganyen ciyawa wanda ake nomawa kamar shekara-shekara. A cikin daji, ana samun ta a cikin yankin gabashin Iran da Turkmenistan. Daga cikin wannan nau'in, ana samun tsayi da manyan kayan gwaji. Furen yana da kyau mara kyau. Blue, violet da launuka masu launin kore sun mamaye. Ganyen suna da fadi sosai fiye da na hyacinth na gabashin.
Hyacinth Trans-Caspian - yana da mafi tsayi mai tushe, a matsayin mai mulkin, peduncles guda biyu. Launin furanni koyaushe haske ne mai shuɗi. A cikin daji, ana samun sa a cikin duwatsun Kopetdag.
Hyacinth care a gida
Hyacinth ne da farko wani lambu shuka. Ana son haɓaka shi a gida, wajibi ne don sake maimaita yanayin yadda zai yiwu. Wannan aikin ba mai sauki bane, amma tare da himma da himma, malamin gona mai novice zai iya jurewa.
Wuri da Haske
Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine windows da kudu maso gabas. Kuma dalili shine ƙaunar ƙaunar hasken rana. Hyacinth yana buƙatar hasken rana - akalla awanni 15 a rana. Don haka, idan kun sanya shi a gefen yamma ko arewacin, dole ne ku taimaka wa shuka ta fitilar fitil.
Ko da shuka na son haske, hasken rana kai tsaye na iya cutar da shi, don haka ya fi kyau inuwa da windows a kwanakin rani mai zafi ko cire tsire daga windowsill yayin rana. Wiwi tare da shuka lokaci-lokaci buƙatar jujjuya wasu hanyoyi daban-daban.
Zazzabi
Canjin yanayi mai zafi da sanyi, zane, baturan mai zafi - duk wannan ya shafi fure. Mafi dacewa don haɓakar hyacinth shine zazzabi na 20-22. Amma, da aka ba da cewa wannan fure ne da farko matsayin matsayin lambu, to zama a kan titi ko baranda a cikin dumi lokaci zai amfana masa kawai.
Watering da zafi
A shuka yana bukatar na yau da kullum, amma m watering. Watering dole ne a yi a hankali. Idan ruwa ya kasance a kowane yanki na shuka, to, ƙaddamar da wannan sashin na iya farawa kuma sakamakon hakan, hyacinth zai mutu. Wani zaɓi mai aminci shine ruwa ta hanyar nutsewa, kuma ya fi kyau ka ƙi gwangwani. Ya kamata ruwa ya zama mai daɗi, taushi da zama.
Hyacinth baya buƙatar fesawa. Kuma a lõkacin da ta blooms - an kullum contraindicated!
Ilasa
Abun da ya fi dacewa da yanayin hyacinth zai kasance madadin ƙasa mai ganye, humus, peat, turf ƙasar da yashi. Duk wannan dole ne a gauraye shi daidai.
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
Hyacinth koyaushe yana buƙatar babban miya. A matsayinka na taki, zaka iya amfani da duk duniya don tsirrai na cikin gida. Don hyacinths a cikin lambu, ana iya amfani da takin gargajiya duka a bushe da kuma narkar da su. Amma kafin amfani da takin mai magani ruwa, dole ne a shayar da shuka.
Zabin Kwan fitila da Hyacinth Distillation
Domin samun kyakkyawan fure nan gaba, yakamata a sayi kwararan fyaden a cikin shagunan kwararru na amintattu kawai. Lokacin da kake siyan kwararan fitila, kuna buƙatar bincika a hankali kuma ku tabbata cewa basu lalace ba kuma basu da lafiya. Kyakkyawan shuka zai yi girma ne kawai a karkashin yanayin kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali, wanda ke da tabbatacciyar wuyansa da kafadu. A mafi yawan lokuta, launin sikeli da kwan fitila ya zo daidai da inflorescence na gaba. Girman kwan fitila ba koyaushe yake nuna ingancinsa ba, kodayake, idan faɗin inzirinsa ya kasance tsakanin 5 cm, wannan alama ce mai kyau. Mafi kyawun lokacin siyan kwararan fitila shine ƙarshen bazara.
Idan zaku sayi tsiro na tsofaffi, kuna buƙatar bincika ganyayyaki da ganyayyaki na hyacinth. Kara ya kamata ya tsaya kai tsaye, ganye ya kamata kuma su tashi sama, kuma kada a kusantar da shinge.
Yadda ake samun furanni a lokacin da ya dace
Domin samun ciyawar fure ta itace daga kwan fitila, kuna buƙatar samar da shuka da sanyin wannan damina. A wannan lokacin, tsarin zafin jiki yakamata ya kasance tsakanin digiri 5-9 na zafi. Ana iya cimma wannan ta hanyar aika shuka zuwa gindin ko zuwa shelf ɗin ƙasa a cikin firiji. Kuma don haɓaka sakamako, kwan fitila a cikin ƙasa za'a iya nannade shi cikin jakar opaque. Tabbas, kulawa a wannan lokacin ta rage. Abin mamaki, kawai irin waɗannan yanayi sun fi dacewa don ci gaban hyacinth. Wannan yana ɗauka, a matsayin mai mulkin, tsawon watanni 2.
Lokacin da tsiro (kimanin 5 cm) ya bayyana, shuka yana buƙatar "spring", wato, tsarin zafin jiki yana buƙatar canzawa zuwa digiri 13-15. A wannan zafin jiki, dole ne a kiyaye shi har sai farkon farkon ya bayyana. Kuma tare da bayyanar su, hyacinth yana buƙatar zazzabi na 20-22 digiri. Canjin yanayin zafin jiki dole ne ya zama mai santsi, in ba haka ba furen yana iya mutuwa ko zaiyi zafi.
Hyacinth kula bayan flowering
Bayan fure, a lokacin dormancy, abu mafi mahimmanci ga hyacinth shine tsarin zazzabi daidai. Watering ya kamata ya zama matsakaici. Lokacin da hyacinth ya bushe kuma ganyayensa suka bushe, lokaci yayi da za a magance kwan fitila. Ya kamata a yanke farfajiyar da ganyayyaki, sannan su tono kwan fitila. Wannan yakan faru ne a watan Yuni.
Dole ne a bincika kwan fitila a hankali idan har akwai wata buƙata (ko don dalilai na rigakafi) don ta ɓalle. Kuma a sa'an nan, canza yanayin zafin jiki daga digiri 30 zuwa 17, adana shi har faɗuwar ya fita.
Dasa Hyacinth a cikin Dankali
Lokacin dasa shuki hyacinth, an ba shi izinin sanya kwararan fitila 3 a cikin tukunya guda (ana yin lamuran girman su). Abubuwan kwararan fitila ba za su iya yin hulɗa tare da ganuwar tukunya ba kuma suna da junan su - yakamata ya zama santimita 2 tsakanin su. Tukwane yakamata su matsakaita. Dole ne a zubar da magudanan a kasan tukunyar - yana iya zama yashi, wanda ya kamata ya mamaye 2 cm a cikin tukunyar. Ya kamata a tashi saman kwan fitila sama da ƙasa. Bayan dasawa, dole ne a matattaka madadin, a yayyafa shi da yashi. Sannan ana buƙatar sanya tukunya a cikin jaka, ɗaure, amma a baya an sanya ramuka da yawa a ciki kuma a cire shi a cikin wuri mai sanyi.
Wasu suna girma hyacinths marasa ruwa a ruwa. Wannan hanya ce ta gaske, amma wacce ake bukata itace takin ma'adinai da aka narkar da ruwa. Kwan fitila mai hyacinth ya kamata ya kasance a saman kwandon, kawai ya taɓa ruwan. A ɗan lokaci, ya kamata ta kasance a cikin duhu mai sanyi, mai sanyi. Kuma tare da isowa daga tushen, ya kamata a sake dasa shuki zuwa ɗakin mai haske.
Hyacinth yaduwa a gida
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yaduwar hyacinths. A gida, dacewa: kwararan fitila, yara da sikeli. Ta wata hanya ta zahiri, daga kwan fitila ɗaya, zaku iya samun yara da yawa kamar yara 5 a lokacin girma. Don cimma iyakar sakamako ta amfani da hanyar fashewar kwan fitila. Tsarin yana buƙatar canji a cikin yanayin zafin jiki da magani na yau da kullun tare da fungicide. Amma idan an yi komai daidai, to bayan watanni 3 ƙananan yara albasa suna da tabbas zasu bayyana.
Cutar da kwari
Babban karin kwari na hyacinths: aphids, thrips, gizo-gizo mites, kara da gall nematodes, fure kwari. Sun iya halakar da shuka - ganyayyaki sun juya launin rawaya, Fade, buds sun faɗi, kwararan fitila sun lalace kuma sun lalace. A kowane yanayi, hanyoyin nasa na sarrafawa, amma galibinsu suna da alaƙa da amfani da kwari.
Baya ga kwari, abokan gaban hyacinths sune cututtuka daban-daban waɗanda zasu iya zama marasa kamuwa da cuta, da kwalara, hoto, kwayan cuta da ƙwayar fungal a cikin yanayi. Mafi mashahuri da haɗari sune rawaya na ƙwayar rawaya da taushi na ƙwayar cuta. A cikin ciyawar da ba ta da lafiya, ganyayyaki sun zama baƙi da bushe daga saman. Eryyalli da ruwan kwalliya suna bayyana a jikin jijiyar ganye da kuma a farfajiya. Na farko, rawaya launin shuɗi ya bayyana a kan kwararan fitila, sannan kuma rots ɗakin dumu-dumu ya fara haskaka ƙira. Irin wannan shuka ba zai sami ceto ba. Ya kamata a ƙone tsire-tsire da kwan fitila, kuma ramin da aka yi da formalin ko Bleach.
Hyacinths Maganin Girma
Idan ba a kula da hyacinth da kyau ba, to matsalolin zasu iya faruwa:
- Hyacinth ya daina yin fure. Yawancin lokaci wannan saboda cin zarafin tsarin zafin jiki ne. Itace bata son tsawan zafi sosai.
- Ganyen shuka ya zama rawaya. Mafi sau da yawa wannan yakan faru da tushen rashin ruwa ko saboda zayyana.
- Ganyayyaki sun bushe. Wannan saboda rashin hasken halitta ne.
- A buds suna fadowa. Wannan shi ne saboda rashin ruwa. Dole ne a aiwatar dashi a hankali don kada ruwa ya faɗi akan farfajiyar.
- Furanni rot. Wannan yana faruwa lokacin da shuka yayi "ƙauna" (kuma ana shayar).
Hyacinth ne mai adalci unpretentious shuka. Tare da kulawa da kyau a gida, ba za a sami takamaiman dalilin damuwa ba. Za iya samun nasarar girma da duka gogaggen da kuma sabon shiga mai son growers.
