Ana iya bayyana Actinidia a matsayin tsirrai mai tsiro tare da ƙaƙƙarfan itace-kamar tushe wanda aka rufe da manyan ganye. Akwai wani lokacin da aka yi amfani da wannan shuka don dalilai na kayan ado.
Koyaya, daga baya akan wasu nau'ikan sun sami 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda ke da dandano mai daɗi. A sakamakon haka, an fara yin amfani da daji actinidia a matsayin tushe don namo nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace. Ofayansu ya zama sananne musamman sananne kuma a cikin ƙasarmu. Wannan sanannen kiwi ne.
Ana iya haɓaka shi kawai a cikin yanayin canji. Colomicton actinidia, wanda ke da yawancin kaddarorin da ke kama da kiwi, da alama yana da ɗan shirin daban. A yau, wannan nau'ikan za a iya girma har a cikin yanayin yanayin Rasha, kuma berries sun zama mai daɗi kuma mai inganci kamar shahararrun 'ya'yan itace.
Bayanin da fasali na actinidia
Kokarin masu shayarwa ba a banza bane - akwai sabbin nau'ikan nau'ikan actinidia da za'a iya noma su a yankuna masu wahala kamar Siberiya, Urals, Yankin Moscow, da dai sauransu.
Idan lambu zai yi girma actinidia a cikin yankin Moscow ko wasu wurare masu tsauri, ana bada shawara don amfani da nau'ikan Colomict.
Wannan nau'in actinidia ba kawai ba ƙasa bane ga yanayin girma, amma kuma bambanta a cikin babban sanyi juriya. Sabili da haka, kula dashi zai zama mai sauƙi.
- A lokacin girma, tsiron ya samo fasalin wani abu mai rarrafe, wanda ke samar da rassa masu ƙarfi, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da manyan ganye mai kyawu. Tsawonsu yawanci baya wuce 15 cm.
- Amma ga launi, ba dindindin ba ne, don haka ganyen actinidia a kowane kakar suna kama da wata sabuwar hanya. Yanayin kayan ado na actinidia an ambata shi sosai a cikin faɗuwa: a wannan lokacin ganyayyaki da 'ya'yan itatuwa suna haifar da bambancin launi mafi kyau.
- Lokaci na fure na actinidia yana isa tsawon lokaci. Furannin furanni na farko suna buɗe a ƙarshen Mayu, sun rage a cikin wannan halin har tsawon makonni 3. An bayar da kyakkyawa na actinidia ba da launi mai yawa kamar yadda aka samo ta hanyar sabon sifofin fure ba.
- A lokacin furanni, tsire-tsire yana fitar da ƙanshin kamshi mai ban sha'awa na Lily na kwari, jasmine da Lilac. A lokacin lokacin 'ya'yan itace, tsire-tsire suna shiga tazara daban-daban, amma, wannan yakan faru ne tsakanin watan Agusta da Oktoba.
Actinidia iri
Mafi shahararrun a cikin ƙasar su ne nau'ikan da ke zuwa:
Abarba Michurina.- Manyan -a fruan itace.
- Clara Zetkin.
- Apricot
- Marmalade Dadi.
- Albasa.
Abarba Michurina.Daga cikin nau'in nau'in actinidia, nau'in fifiko ga lambu shine Argut, Colomict, Polygamum. Saboda haka, galibi suna da suna iri ɗaya.
Wadannan nau'ikan actinidia ba kawai suna da kyan gani ba, har ma suna da wadatar aiki, suna kawo kowane kakar da yawa waɗanda ke da dandano mai kyau kuma suna da wadatar bitamin C.
Actinidia Colomictus. Daga cikin dukkan nau'ikan, wannan ya fi dacewa da haɓakawa a cikin yanayin Yankin Moscow da yankuna na arewacin. Ba ya tsoron frosts har zuwa -10 digiri.
Abu ne mai sauqi qwarai don kulawa da wannan tsiron, don haka koda mai yin shimfida zai iya daukar wannan aikin. A cikin kaka, ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa sun girma, suna kaiwa tsawon 2.5 cm.
Yawan nauyin 'ya'yan itacen bai wuce g 5. Suna da dandano mai ɗanɗano da m. Bushaya daga cikin daji na iya kaiwa har zuwa 5 kilogiram na 'ya'yan itace. Berries suna girma a cikin rabo, tare da bata lokaci a tarin, suna zubar.
Actinidia Argut. Kodayake yawancin nau'ikan wannan nau'ikan ana rarraba su azaman rukuni na albarkatun gona masu sanyi, amma, yana iya jure sanyi ba ƙasa da digiri 40 ba.
A lokaci guda, a kan asalin Kolomikta, ana bambanta wannan nau'in ta 'ya'yan itatuwa mafi girma, wanda nauyinsa ya kai g 10. plantaya daga cikin shuka actinidia na iya samar da kilogram 10 na furanni a kowace kakar. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da suka kai matsayin ƙarfin balaguro suna kan rassan har sai lokacin sanyi.
Auren mata da yawa na Actinidia. Wannan nau'in ya bambanta da ƙarancin sanyi, tunda yana iya jure yanayin zafi baya ƙasa da -35 digiri. Mafi yawan lokuta girma sune nau'ikan Apricot, Perchik, Fara, kyakkyawa.
Ofaya daga cikin fasalin shi ne cewa berries ba sa crumble bayan ripening. Tana da dandano mai kyau, a lokacin tumatir tana canza launin launi da ta saba zuwa orange.
Zabi wani wuri don girma actinidia
Bayan yanke shawarar girma actinidia a kan mãkirci, da lambu ya kamata farko yanke shawara a kan wani wuri domin dasa. Yana da kyau a bayar da goyan baya ga shuka, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman baka, shinge ko arbor.
A cikin aiwatar da haɓaka, actinidia ya samar da tsarin tushen ƙaƙƙarfan iko, wanda zai iya yin mummunar tasiri ga shuka maƙwabta. Saboda wannan, ana bada shawarar actinidia sanya a wuri daya daga bishiyoyi da tsirrai.
Ya kamata a girma ba kusa da mita uku dangane da plantings na kusa. A matsayin gwargwadon kariyar, zaku iya amfani da Slate ko tin, wanda aka haƙa a cikin ƙasa kusa da kewaye na tsire-tsire.
A bu mai kyau shuka actinidia a cikin bazara. A yankin tsakiyar kasarmu, lokacin da ya dace da wannan ya taso a watan Afrilu. Liana tana girma da kyau a huhun huhu taki-arzikin kasa.
Koyaya, kada ku dogara ga yawan furanni da 'ya'yan itace yayin dasa shuki akan yumɓu da ƙasa mai laushi. Stagnation na danshi barnatar da tasiri kan ci gaban da shuka, wanda take kaiwa zuwa cikin jika da mutuwar rhizome.
A irin wadannan yankuna da shirya magudanar ruwa. A bu mai kyau a dafa ramuka tun lokacin faduwar. Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar sanya kusan kusa da 1.5 m daga juna. Don tsire-tsire mata 5-7, dole ne a sami ɗan shuka guda ɗaya.
Actinidia: dasa da kulawa
Kafin dasa shuki, wajibi ne don shirya rami, diamita da zurfin abin da ya kamata ya zama aƙalla cm 60. Da farko, ƙasa dole ne ya cika da magudanar ruwa, wanda aka yi amfani da tsakuwa, yumɓu mai kaɗa, yumɓun dutse ko dutse kogi.
An shimfiɗa su a cikin Layer na cm 15. Bayan wannan, a cikin rami yada kasar gona cakuda, shirya shi daga rabin guga na humus, sod ƙasar, karamin adadin ash.
Fasahar aikin gona na girma actinidia tana kama da inabi. A inji amsa da kyau zuwa m ruwa, duk da haka, yayin da stagnation na danshi kada a lura.
Ana samun sakamako mai ban sha'awa ta hanyar fesa ganye, wanda dole ne a yi aiki da safe ko maraice. Actinidia yana da kyau idan yana ƙarƙashin wani daji sassauta ƙasa a kai a kai.
Koyaya, dole ne mutum yayi hankali sosai anan, tunda tushen tsarin yana kusa da saman. Karo na farko kenan da duniya ta kwance bayan murfin dusar kankara ta narke a farkon bazara. Jectaddamar da duk ayyukan don kula da actinidia, zaku iya samun amfanin gona na farko a cikin shekaru biyar.
Pruning da kuma siffanta creepers
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana shirya tsabtace tsire-tsire a cikin bazara. Maganin makamancin wannan daidai ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin wannan yanayin zaku iya guje wa lacrimation na itacen inabi, kuma, a sakamakon haka, mutuwar harbe.
Trimming a cikin bazara mai yiwuwa ne kawai a lokuta inda akwai buƙatar gaggawa. Kuma ya fi kyau a yi haka kafin motsi na ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Yawancin lokaci ana yin wannan aikin don ƙarshen Fabrairu ko farkon Maris.
Akwai manufofi da yawa waɗanda aka goge actinidia a cikin bazara:
- samuwar creepers;
- cire harbe masu lahani, alal misali, tare da alamun rashin lafiya;
- thinning lokacin farin ciki yankunan.
Yana da Dole a cire harbe 2 cm sama da koda, ta amfani kawai kayan aiki mai tsabta da kaifi. Yankin ya kamata ya zama mai santsi ba tare da wani lahani ba, kamar burrs, tsagewa da bends.
Lokacin ƙirƙirar shuka, zaku iya ɗauka azaman tushen innabi biyu na hannaye. To, aƙalla shekaru 10, zai kawo babban yawan amfanin ƙasa ba tare da buƙatar maimaita girkin ba na dogon lokaci.
Idan tsire-tsire yana da siffar fan, to, zai faru kowane shekaru 3-4 aiwatar da sabunta daji. A wannan yanayin, ana aiwatar da farkon girbi a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwar shuka.
Yadda ake yada actinidia
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yada actinidia: ƙwaya, yanka da tsaba. Ana amfani da hanyar ta ƙarshe ba sau da yawa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin rabin lokuta namiji tsire-tsire suna girma daga tsaba.
Haka kuma, ba shi yiwuwa a hango ko hasashen abin da actinidia zai kasance a gaba. Kawai samfurori waɗanda ke da shekaru 5-7 zuwa shiga lokaci na fruiting. Sabili da haka, idan baku sani ba ko shuka shine namiji, to za ku iya kasancewa cikin yanayin da ba a sani ba.
Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa. Don hana yiwuwar matsaloli yayin yaduwa, ana bada shawara don amfani da layer. Mataki na farko shine ka zaɓi itacen zaitun mai ƙoshin lafiya, wanda dole ne a binne shi a watan Mayu ko farkon Yuni.
A cikin kaka, shi ya juya zuwa ga wani kyakkyawan high quality-seedling tare da iko tushen tsarin. Koyaya masana sun bada shawara ka bar su har zuwa farkon bazara, saboda a wannan lokacin ya yiwu a datsa vines ba tare da haifar da mummunan lahani ga shuka ba.
Yaduwa da cuttings da tukwici na gogaggen lambu
Don yaduwar actinidia ta hanyar itace, ana bada shawara don zaɓar rassan kore. Suna da haɓakar rayuwa mai kyau, 90%. Halin da aka yanke tare da yankan itace, wanda ya samo asali a cikin sama da kashi 60% na lokuta, yafi muni.
Yankin da aka zaɓa don dasa ya kamata ya zama tsawon ba ya wuce cm 15. An girbe su a ƙarshen watan Yuni, bayan da aka dasa su a wani yanki da aka shirya musamman: wurin ya kamata a cikin inuwa da moisturized kullun.
Kafin dasa, wanda za'ayi zuwa zurfin 50 cm, dole ne a cika ramin cike da yashi da peat, an ɗauka a cikin rabo 2: 1. Yawancin lokaci, cikakkiyar tsarin tushen abu yana ɗaukar sama da wata daya. A sakamakon haka, riga a cikin fall zaka iya samun rassa na farko na matasa.
Ga 'yan lambu na yau da kullun, shuka actinidia da alama ba a san shi sosai ba, kodayake a zahiri wannan ba gaskiya bane. Akwai da yawa waɗanda kusan dukkaninmu mun ji labarinsu. Labari ne game kiwi, wanda shine fruiting actinidia.
Ta halitta, ana iya girma kawai a cikin yanayin rashin ƙarfi. Koyaya, ga yanayin ƙasarmu, akwai nau'ikan actinidia masu dacewa waɗanda suke jin daɗi ko da a cikin yankuna masu wahala kamar Yankin Moscow da Siberiya.
Dama iri-iri zaɓi da aikin gona namo actinidia yana ba mu damar tsammanin cewa, tare da kulawa da ta dace, actinidia ba kawai zai zama ado mai haske na ɗakin rani ba, har ma ya sami damar faranta wa mai lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ɗanɗano.
