Abubuwan da aka keɓance na musamman na farin kabeji an san su a ƙarshen 6000 shekaru BC. er. A cikin tsohuwar Girka, ikon sihiri an danganta shi da kabeji kuma ana amfani dashi yayin lura da cututtuka daban-daban da kuma bikin al'ada. A tsawon lokaci, godiya ga Celts da Jamusawa, ta bayyana a Rasha. Wannan kayan lambu da sauri ya sami shahararsa saboda wadatuwa da kaddarorin warkarwa na musamman.
Iri farin kabeji
Matakan farko
Matakan farko sun hada da Movir-74, Rannaya Gribovskaya-1355, Snezhinka, Moscow precocity, Fruernite, da sauransu.
- Movir-74 da farkon Grabovskaya suna buƙatar yin ruwa akai. Movir-74 yana da tsayayya da zafi kuma yana tsayayya da sanyi.
- Fruernite yana da manyan kawuna waɗanda ke awo har kilogiram 6.
- Farkon amfanin gona yana da nau'in Snowball mai wuri, bayan watanni 2.
- Snow dusar ƙanƙan da dusar kankara - farkon fari, a lokaci guda ripening iri (watanni 3-4).
- Ranarancin Garantin, a matsayin mai mulkin, an girma cikin lokaci mai ɗumi akan buɗe ƙasa, kuma a tsakiyar yanki a cikin fim na katako.
- Daga cikin nau'ikan da suka biyo baya, matasan Amphora sun dace.
- Kneem wani nau'in kabeji ne don yanki mai zafi. Ana iya samun girbi a cikin kwanaki 80-100.
- Bambancin Hutun bazara. Irin wannan kabeji yana da tsawon lokacin girbi, wanda ya dace da amfanin mutum.
- Motano ya dace wa connoisseurs na kabeji na Dutch. Amfani da girma a cikin matsuguni.
Matsakaitan maki
Daga cikin nau'ikan tsakiyar, shahararrun irin waɗannan nau'in farin kabeji sune: Gida, Garanti, Farar fata, Farar fata, Latteman, Goodman, Moscow Canning.
Relativelyaƙaran ɗan ƙaramin nau'ikan Goodman da Latteman sun fi dacewa da lambuna na gida a cikin yankuna arewa maso yamma. Lokacin yin girbi shine kusan kwanaki 100. Ana daraja Latteman saboda juriya da mummunan yanayin yanayi da cututtuka daban-daban.- Ana nuna farin kyakkyawa ta kyakkyawar dandano mai ɗanɗano da kyawawan albarkatu. An bambanta mazaunan bazara na rani saboda tsayayya da bambance-bambancen yanayin zafi. Ana amfani da nau'ikan Moscow Canning don namo a kan rufe da kuma buɗe ƙasa.
Relativelyaƙaran ɗan ƙaramin nau'ikan Goodman da Latteman sun fi dacewa da lambuna na gida a cikin yankuna arewa maso yamma. Lokacin yin girbi shine kusan kwanaki 100. Ana daraja Latteman saboda juriya da mummunan yanayin yanayi da cututtuka daban-daban.Karshe maki
Arian nau'o'in wannan nau'in suna buƙatar dogon lokacin dumi. Wannan kabeji yana girma, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin yankunan kudanci. Mafi mashahuri sune irin nau'ikan Sochi, spring Adler, Adler hunturu-679.
- Skywalker shine matattara mai cikakke-girma na musamman don yanayin canjin yanayin.
- Iri-iri na Anders sun dace don haɓaka yanayin yanayi na greenhouse.
- Adler na hunturu-679 an haɓaka shi musamman don yankin Krasnodar.
Yadda ake samun girbi mai kyau na farin kabeji?
Sau da yawa mazauna bazara suna korafi cewa ba za su iya shuka girbi na farin kabeji ba: 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kaɗan ne, shuka yana da elongated, akwai ɗanɗano da haushi da sauransu
Don hana waɗannan matsalolin, kuna buƙatar:
- Kafin samun, farawa da abubuwan da ke tattare da yanayin yankin kuma zaɓi nau'in farin kabeji don ita;
- shuka farin kabeji na musamman;
- dasa a cikin ƙasa ba tare da kyawawan seedlings ba;
- gano buƙatu da halayen halitta na farin kabeji, gami da nau'in ƙasa, aiki da lokacin shayarwa, ƙara takin mai magani.
Shuka bukatun da dokoki
Kasar
Farin kabeji yana buƙatar haɓakar tushen agrotechnical. Don hana maturation na shugaban kabeji, tsaka tsaki na duniya tare da kayan abinci masu ma'adinai masu kyau ana buƙatar. Bayar da babbar buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki, farin kabeji yana buƙatar kayan miya masu yawa a lokacin girma. Mahimmanci: jan ƙarfe, boron, magnesium da molybdenum. Amma a cikin wani akwati kada ku yi amfani da potassium chloride.
Yanayin zafi
Don shuka amfanin gona mai kyau, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da ban ruwa da yanayin zafi. Farin kabeji ba ya son tsawan lokacin sanyi, ƙasa da + 10C. Mafi kyau, daga mataki na germination har zuwa kan gaba, ana la'akari da shi zazzabi + 14 ... + 17C. Idan kun sanya zafin jiki mafi girma, to, zai jinkirta ci gaban 'ya'yan itacen.
Haske
Wannan al'ada tana ƙaunar haske, musamman ma a farkon lokacin girma a cikin ƙasa buɗe. A cikin wurare masu duhu, tsire-tsire yana da elongated, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ne maras sako da sako-sako, kuma ana iya kamuwa da cututtuka iri-iri. Tare da dogon haske, tsaba suna sauri.
Noma
Don samun amfanin gona mai inganci na dogon lokaci, suna amfani da hanyar seedling, shuka iri a matakai da yawa, kuma tare da haɓaka lokacin yanayi mara kyau a kaka ko ƙarshen shuka a ƙasa.
Zamani na shuka shuka
A lokacin shuka namowar farin kabeji, ana shuka iri a cikin gidajen kora a farkon Maris, kuma ana dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a cikin watan Mayu bayan lokacin sanyi lokacin sanyi.
A cikin yanayin aiki na greenhouses sanyi, tsaba an shuka shi a Mayu 18-24 kuma an canza shi zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa a watan Yuni.
A lokacin yin shuka a kan ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tsari, ana yin shuka a ƙarshen Afrilu, kuma ba tare da tsari a farkon Yuli ba.
Kwanan shuka na sama masu kimanin ne. A kowane yanki, la'akari da yanayin, lokacin shuka zai iya bambanta kwanaki 7-14.
Shuka seedlings
A bu mai kyau don shuka seedlings a cikin tukwane-peat-gumi da kuma transeded zuwa m wuri ba tare da tara. A cikin sanyi lokacin rani mazauna yi shuka na farin kabeji a kan tattalin ƙasa a cikin mai tsanani greenhouse. Idan ya cancanta, an lalata ƙasa tare da ɗayan zaɓuɓɓukan da aka bayyana a ƙasa, an ƙara takin mai magani. A 1 sq.m. ana buƙatar rabin guga na takin ko humus. 75ara 75 gr. superphosphate da 35 gr. potassium.
Shuka ana yi shi da kansa tare da nisa tsakanin layuka 14-21 cm, 5 mm zurfi. Ana shuka tsaba a ƙasan fararen fata kuma an rufe ta da yashi. A hankali a shayar don kada a wanke tsaba. Kafin germination, zazzabi + 17 ... + 21C ya zama dole. Harbe yana bayyana bayan kwanaki 5-6. A wannan lokacin, ana rage zafin jiki zuwa + 4 ... + 5C. Rage zafin jiki yana da matukar muhimmanci. A cikin yanayin zafi na greenhouse, a gaskiya, kamar yadda yake a cikin Apartment, bazaiyi aiki ba don shuka seedlings. Tana buƙatar yanayin yanayi. Mako guda bayan daidaitawa da sanyi, yawan zafin jiki ya karu zuwa + 14C. Wannan canjin zafin jiki zai sa ya yiwu a samar da manyan shugabanni masu lafiya.
Bayan 'yan makonni daga baya suna yin girki. Seedlings bukatar a ciyar da game da sau 4 a lokacin namo. Ana yin riguna na sama tare da mafita na ma'adinai a cikin hanyoyin ko a ƙarƙashin tsarin tushe.
Ana yin sutturar fari ta farko bayan mako biyu. Wasu lokuta mazauna bazara suna bada shawarar saman suturar kai tsaye bayan nutsewa. Amma wannan dabarar tana yiwuwa lokacin da aka shuka seedlings akan ƙasa mai rauni tare da isasshen acidity. Don ciyarwa, tsarma 60 gr nitrofoski akan 12 l. ruwan dumi. Tare da farin kabeji, ragowar maganin abubuwan gina jiki wanda ya fadi akan ganyayyaki an cire su a hankali.
A lokacin bayyanar lokaci na ganye da yawa, ana yin foliar koto tare da bayani na molybdenum da boron (1.1 g / 12 l na ruwa). Wannan hanya za ta hanzarta haɓakar tsaba, tare da ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar inflorescences masu inganci.
Abin da ya biyo baya ana yin shi ne tare da farawa daga matakin 5-ganye. Nitrofoska ya narke a cikin rabo na 22 g / 12 l. ruwa a zazzabi a dakin da kara a karkashin tushe tare da kara ruwa.
Bayan sati 2, shirya mawuyacin bayani don ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe. Rage 55-65 gr. nitrofoski, 3 g. vitriol, manganese da boric acid a cikin lita 12. ruwa. Iya warware matsalar an haɗu daɗaɗa tare da ƙara ƙarƙashin tushe tare da ƙarin ruwa. Ana kiyaye ƙasa mai laushi koyaushe (overdrying, kamar matsanancin shayarwa, yana haifar da cutar farin kabeji). Juya-wata ana shuka shuka zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
Preparationasa shiri
Yayin shirye-shiryen a cikin faduwar ranar 1 sq.m. aara kwalba na takin ko humus, kuma amfani da taki peat. Mineralsara ma'adinai: potassium (35 gr.) ko superphosphate (55 gr.) da nitrophosphate (65 gr.) da 1 sq m. Tona ƙasa. A cikin bazara, suna leveled kuma dan kadan compacted. Girma a kan ƙasa matattara na haɓaka samuwar manyan .ya .yan itãcen marmari.
Mafi kyawun magabata sune karas, cucumbers, ganyen, dankali, albasa. Ba lallai ba ne a shuka farin kabeji a wani wuri inda a wancan lokacin kabeji da tumatir da turnips da beets sun yi girma na shekaru da yawa.
Shuka tsaba
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin hanyar talakawa tare da zurfin 1 cm. Lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri ganye na farko, ana yin farin farin farin farko a jere daga cm 16-22 A mataki na ganyayyaki 6-7, ana yin thinning na biyu. Har ila yau, an bar tazara tsakanin tsirrai a 16-22 cm.
Dasa shuka
Ana saukowa ƙasa a cikin hanyar yau da kullun tare da nesa na 30x60 ko 40x40 cm. A kasan tare mahara ƙara ƙara adadin humus, 6 g. nitrophosks da Mix. Tushen kayan lambu ana yin fure tare da tushe kuma ana sanya seedlings don kada yayyafa toho apical. Yayyafa da kasar gona da ruwa. Bayan gama cika wirin, an haɗa ƙasa kuma an shayar da kusan 1 lita. ruwa kowane daji. Tabbatar ciyawa domin hana bayyanar ɓawon burodi a ƙasa.
Bait
Farko na farko an yi shi da maganin kwayar halitta bayan kwanaki 18-19. Mix da kyau rabin rabin lita na mullein a cikin lita 12 na ruwa. Underara a ƙarƙashin tushe tare da ƙarin mulching.
Ana yin wannan rigar mai zuwa bayan kwanaki 11-13 tare da abun da ke tattare da kukan, kemmira ko nitrophos. 22-26 gr. abubuwa suna zuga cikin lita 12. ruwa. Na 1 square. Ina buƙatar lita 6-7. wannan abun da ke ciki.
Hakanan kayan girke-girke na ƙarshe da akeyi shine shima ya samar da nitrophos. Dama 35-45 gr. la'akari da lita 7-9 a kowace 1 sq.m.
Bayan ƙara taki kabeji a wanke da ruwa mai gudu. Idan akwai wuraren da aka fallasa, to, ƙasa tana mulched, cire ɓawon burodi.
Watse
A cikin makon farko na dasawa, kuna buƙatar saka idanu sosai kan matakin zafi. Watering ya kamata a yi sau biyu a mako. Amma akwai guda biyu! Watering dole ne isa, amma ba mai ƙarfi ba. A cikin ƙasa mai rigar, rashin isashshen oxygen yana faruwa, wanda ke rushe aiki da tsarin tushen. A tsawon lokaci, zaku iya yin wahalar shayarwa tare da tazara tsakanin mako guda, amma hana bushe ƙasa. Bayan an yi ruwa, ƙasa tana ta daɗaɗawa.
Kwaro da kariya daga cuta
Ba a yarda da kariyar sunadarai ba. Lokacin amfani da gaurayawan da maganin ganyayyaki, kawai tsire-tsire marasa guba.
Kabeji yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka kamar ƙafar baƙar fata, ƙwayar mucous, viral mosaic, altenariosis. Affectionaunar ƙauna na da kyau kare biofungicides, amma tasirin su yana bayyana yayin jiyya na tsari. Sabili da haka, dole ne a fara jiyya a cikin bazara kuma a yi tare da tazara tsakanin makonni 2 har zuwa girbi.
Daga cikin kwari mai cutarwa, za a iya bambanta katantanwa da slugs. Damagearancin lalacewa ya haifar da kwari, kwari, huhu da kwari kabeji. Tare da ƙari na lokaci-lokaci, bioinsecticides kamar bucol, bitoxybacillin, verticillin da boverin suna da kyakkyawan kariya. A kan slugs da katantanwa, farin kabeji yana pollinated tare da ash. An zubar toka a cikin bandeji kuma, girgiza, ana amfani da kabeji.
Tarin tattarawa da adana farin kabeji
Kabeji yana girbe a cikin ingantaccen ɗimbin fasaha a zaɓi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu yankakken suna yanka tare da ganyayyaki da yawa na fure da ke kare kabeji daga dunƙulewa da gurbatawa. An yi trimming a hankali don hana fashewar hanyar. An yanke shugabannin da aka yanke zuwa cikin akwati da aka shirya.
An adana kawunan kawuna har tsawon watanni 1.5. Kabeji, wanda aka yi niyya don ajiya, baya tsaga ganye. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na ajiya ana ɗauka 0 ... + 2C tare da zafi ba kasa da kashi 91-94.
Daga farin kabeji zaka iya dafa abinci da yawa. Stew kabeji, tafasa, mirgine a cikin kwalabe, akwai bidiyo da yawa da hotunan girke-girke. Nunannun farin kabeji suna da lafiya sosai kuma suna da daɗi. Sabili da haka, idan baku da wannan kayan lambu a cikin ɗakunan ku na lokacin rani ba, to ya zama wajibi ku girma shi kuma ku faranta wa kanku da dangin ku wannan abincin.
