Ginseng, wanda aka san shi a matsayin wata alama ce ta likitan ido, ba wai kawai mafi "ƙwararren likitan daji" ba ne, har ma ɗayan tsire-tsire masu ƙwayar cuta. A zamanin da, likitocin kasar Sin sun dauki tushen ginseng a matsayin kusan banmamaki, wanda zai iya dauke marasa lafiya masu rauni zuwa ƙafafunsu, dawo da matasa da ƙarfi.
Dankin ya sami karbuwa a matsayin aikin hukuma kamar yadda yake a kwanan nan, amma bukatar Tushen ta zama mai girma har an rage kewayon ginseng sau da yawa, kuma ana kare samfuran daji bisa doka.
Menene ginseng yayi kama
Lokacin da aka ambaci tsire-tsire masu magani, sunan "ginseng" ya tuna da ɗayan farko. Al'adar ta sami daukaka saboda godiya ta hanyar warkaswarta da kuma jigon rhizome, kama da adon mutum. Amma hanyar da ginseng yake kallo, ko kuma kawai ta ɓangaren sararin samaniya, an san toan kaɗan.
Talakawa ginseng, wanda aka sani da mafi mahimmanci daga matsayin hangen nesa na magani, shine perenni na herbaceous, tare da sau ɗaya ko ƙasa da yawa kafa mai tushe daga 30 zuwa 70 santimita mai tsayi. Thinan bakin ciki mai santsi tare da kauri wanda ba ya wuce 6 mm a cikin sashin layi na sama an kambi tare da manyan tsintsiya tsintsiya, wanda ya kunshi sassa biyar ko m sassan. Ganyen dabino mai yawa na ginseng an haɗe su da tushe tare da petioles mai ƙarfi, suna da gefuna masu kyau da matsakaicin tsawon 15 cm.
A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, ginseng blooms, samar da laima inflorescence, tare da diamita of game da uku santimita da kuma kunshi 15-40 kananan buds na kore kore tint. Furen ginseng da aka nuna a cikin hoto ba wuya a kira shi mai haske ko kayan ado ba. Farin ciki ko ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi tare da koren ciyayi mai launin shuɗi da fure biyar na kwari. Lokacin da furanni ya cika, ovaries suna bayyana a wurin furanni, suna yin huda a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na bazara ko a watan Satumba.
Idan aka kalli hoton, menene ginseng yayi kama da wannan lokacin, zaku iya fahimtar yadda bayyanar tsirran tsire-tsire da ake gani gaba ɗaya. Rounded mai haske ja berries tare da m ɓangaren litattafan almara da 2-3 tsaba a cikin ripen a kan peduncle 10-24 cm high.
A lokacin sanyi, wani yanki mai tsiro na shuka ya mutu, amma babban rhizome yana ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Yana ceton ran ginseng har sai yayi ɗumi yana ɗaukar duk kayan abinci masu tarin yawa. Ginseng tsirrai ne. Da mazan tushen, mafi girma da taro da kuma mafi girma warkar iko. A farkon karni na karshe, an gano asalin bicentennial a Manchuria. A yau ba shi yiwuwa a sami irin waɗannan gizan.
Sakamakon yawan buƙatun albarkatun ƙasa na magani, farauta mai ƙyalli don ginseng a cikin mazauninta na halitta ya fara a karni na 19. Ya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin adadin yawan jama'a da kuma taƙaita yankin girma.
Inda ginseng yayi girma
Ginseng shuka ce mai sake faskarawa. Tabbatacciyar tabbaci game da wannan shine sabon yanki mai ban sha'awa, al'adar Tekun Pacific ta lalata gida biyu. Yawancin nau'ikan ginseng 12 na asalin mazauna gabashin Gabas ne, amma ba da daɗewa ba an gano ɗayan nau'ikan nau'ikan a yankin ƙasashen Amurka. A yau, ginseng mai kafa biyar ya yi girma a kan yalwataccen tsire-tsire a matsayin ingantaccen magani na shuka.
Baya ga gabar yammacin Amurka, kewayon ginseng ya mamaye yankin Koriya ta Kudu, Vietnam da Arewa maso Gabashin China. A ina ne ginseng ya girma a Rasha? Kasarmu tana da kaso mafi girma na wannan kayan shuka. Ana samun ginseng na daji a cikin kudancin Khabarovsk Territory, a cikin Sikhote Alin, da kuma a Primorye. Duk inda aka haɗa shuka a cikin jerin nau'ikan kariya ta musamman. Akwai ambaton ginseng a cikin littafin Red na Yahudawa mai cin gashin kansa na Oblast, duk da haka, ba a sami samfurori masu rai anan ba na dogon lokaci.
Duk inda ginseng ya girma, bawai kawai an haramta tattara tushen ba ne, amma ana ɗaukar dukkan matakan kiyayewa da haɓaka yawan jama'a.
A yau an san shi daidai cewa shuka ta fi son ta zauna a cikin gandun daji mai lalacewa, a ƙarƙashin kariyar lindens da hornbeams, fir, itacen al'ul, katanga da katanga. Ginseng yana son inuwa, danshi, yana buƙatar ƙasa mai gina jiki. A cikin yanayi mai kyau, perennial na iya ƙirƙirar labule mai ƙarfi. Amma a halin yanzu hoton ba mai dadi bane. Misali, a cikin Primorsky Territory, ginseng yana girma a yankuna da yawa, amma mai binciken yanayin dabi'a ba'a iya samun sa'a sosai don ganin babban rukuni na tsire-tsire.
Mafi sau da yawa, ginseng daji, adadin wanda a cikin Rasha dubun dubbai ne, yana girma daban-daban, a kusurwar da ba a taɓa gani ba a kudu maso kudu ko kudu maso kudu.
Yaya ake Kariyar Ginseng
Tabbas, masu ba da agaji suna yin mummunan lahani ga yawan tsire-tsire masu magani a yau. Duk da haka, ba su ne kawai maƙiyan ginseng ba. Yawan tsire-tsire na daji suna raguwa saboda raguwar dazuzzukan daji, gobara, da kuma zurfin zuriyar dazuzzuka. Abin takaici, ginseng yana fitar da .an tsaba. Ba dukkan su ba ne suka fito, kuma wasu seedlingsa seedlingsan suka mutu a farkon shekarun, ba tare da samar da rhizome mai ƙarfi ba.
Saukowa cikin yankuna masu kariya yana kare ginseng na Far Eastern. A cikin wane ajiyar ginseng yake girma? Irin waɗannan wurare ba ɗaya bane, amma dayawa. A yau, shirye-shiryen don sake dawo da adadin magungunan siyarwar magani suna aiki nan da nan a cikin ramuka huɗu na Ras Far Far ta Rasha. Wannan shine "Cedar Pad", da kuma ajiyar Lazovsky, Bolshekhekhtsirsky, Ussuriysky.
Ba wai kawai a cikin Primorsky Territory ba, har ma a wasu yankuna na ƙasar, alal misali, a Sakhalin da Cheboksary, ginseng yana girma a kan tsire-tsire da aka shirya musamman inda aka samar da yanayi mai kusa da yanayin yanayi. Hakanan ana samun kayan raw don magunguna da kayan kwalliya a China, Koriya, Amurka da Ostiraliya. Tare da babban zafi, a cikin yanayin 20-30% na haske, tsire-tsire suna cikin shekaru 4-6. Sannan tushen ginseng, wanda yayi nasarar tara tarin adalci na abubuwa masu amfani, an haƙa su, an tsabtace su da bushe, ana jera su ƙasa.
Kodayake namo ginseng yana taimakawa kare kayan halitta, kuma tsirrai da kansu basa iya bambancewa daga samfuran daji, suna buƙatar shekaru da ɗaukar hoto, kulawa mai zurfi don girma. Saboda haka, botanists suka juya ga kimiyyar zamani. A yau, ana samun ƙarin ginseng ta amfani da al'adun sel in vitro.
