Kolquitia

Dankin tsire-tsire na kolkvitsiya (Kolkwitzia) mallakar asalin monotypic ne na halittar zinare na Linnaeus mai shayarwa. Wannan jinsin yana wakiltar jinsi daya ne kawai - kyakkyawa ko ƙaunataccen kolin koli (Kolkwitzia amabilis), wanda yake itace ne. A yanayi, ana iya samun irin wannan shuka a yankuna masu tsaunuka na Tsakiya ta Tsakiya, da ma sauran yankuna masu yanayin yanayi. An ba da sunan irin wannan daji ne bayan masanin ilimin kimiyyar rayuwar dan kasar Jamhuriyar R. Kolkwitz. An gabatar da shi ga ƙasashen Turai a cikin 1901, yayin da farkon farkon irin wannan shuka a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba a sani ba an lura da shi kawai a cikin 1910.

Siffofin abubuwanda aka ambata

Colquitia shine shuki mai yankewa wanda yakai tsayin mita 2-3.5. A farfajiya na matasa mai tushe akwai pubescence, wanda ya ƙunshi gajerun gashi, yayin da tsohuwar harbe ke rufe da haushi-ja haushi, an keɓe shi ta faranti, wanda yake shi ne na duka wakilan gidan honeysuckle. Idan yanayin ya fi dacewa da alkintawa, to yana da harbi mai tushe. Faranti da aka haɗa guda biyu farantin ganye na siffar oval da launin kore mai arziki a tsawon zai iya kaiwa santimita 3.5-8. A cikin kaka, ganye ya juya launin rawaya. Furanni masu karawa biyar masu launin furanni masu launi iri-iri suna da launi mai rawaya mai haske a ciki da ruwan hoda a waje. Ciyawar da ba ta saba da fure ba ta wuce rabin wata a damuna da bazara. Akwai furanni da yawa wanda saboda su bashi yiwuwa a ga ganye ba. Dry 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.

Saukowa na Quolquitia a bude ƙasa

Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa

Don dasa tari, ya kamata ka zaɓi lokacin bazara, yayin da ƙasa ya kamata ya dumama da kyau. Wurin saukar da wuri yakamata yai rana kuma ya sami kariya daga iska mai karfi na iska, idan kanaso, zaku iya shuka tarin yawa a karamin inuwa. Ka tuna cewa wuraren da aka rufe ruwa mai narkewa a cikin bazara na dogon lokaci basu dace da dasa shuki wannan shuki ba. Shouldasa ta zama mai gina jiki, haske, tsaka tsaki da rijiyar.

Siffofin ƙasa

Ya kamata a shirya ramin saitin rabin wata kafin ranar da za a saukowa. A cikin zurfi, ya kamata ya zama kimanin 0.4 m, yayin da tsawonsa da fāɗinsa na iya bambanta daga 0,5 zuwa 0.6 m. Sa'an nan, ramin ya kamata a rufe shi da cakuda ƙasa, wanda ya haɗa da yashi, turfy ƙasa da humus (1: 2) : 2). Sama da jinjirin wata, wannan cakuda yana cakuda sosai kuma yana daidaitawa.

Zai fi kyau zaɓan tsire-tsire don dasa waɗanda ke shekara 1 ko 2. Kafin dasa shuki da shuka a cikin ƙasa bude, zai zama tilas a rage matuƙar tsawon asalin sa. Sannan an sanya seedling a cikin wani rami da aka shirya, wanda aka cika tare da cakuda ƙasa ɗaya, duk da haka, ya zama dole a zuba wani guga 1 na itace ash a ciki ko daga 80 zuwa 130 grams na ma'adinan ma'adinai mai ma'ana. Ka tuna hada ƙasa da kyau. Dankin da aka shuka ya buƙaci yalwar ruwa. Bayan ruwan an cire shi cikakke cikin ƙasa, dole ne a rufe farfajiyar akwatin akwati tare da ciyawa.

Kula da girgizar kasar a gonar

Lokacin da ake koyan tarin kwaro, yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da cewa ƙasa a cikin da'irar kusa-wuri kada ta bushe a kowane yanayi. Don ban ruwa yi amfani da ruwan zauna, wanda bai kamata yayi sanyi ba.

Domin daji ya girma kuma ya girma a koda yaushe, yana buƙatar ciyar da shi ta hanyar da ta dace. A cikin bazara, ana amfani da jiko na mullein don wannan dalili (1:10), yayin da a farkon makonni na bazara wani bayani na superphosphate na biyu (10 l na ruwa daga gram 30 zuwa 50 na abu). Don daji 1, ɗauki lita 10 na cakuda abinci mai gina jiki.

Bayan an gama fure, ba zai yuwu ba don ciyar da tsiro, amma zai zama dole don aiwatar da kayan kwalliya. A ƙarshen ƙarshen kakar, dole ne a cire duk harbe-harbe matasa waɗanda ba su da lokacin yin ripen a farkon lokacin hunturu. A cikin bazara, kuna buƙatar yin tsabtace tsabta, saboda wannan ya kamata ku yanke duk waɗanda suka ji rauni, busassun, lalacewa ta hanyar sanyi, kwari ko rassan cuta da mai tushe, har ma da waɗanda ke ƙaraɗa daji. Duk tsawon lokacin bazara, zai zama dole don cire lokacin cirewar, wanda ya yi matukar girma a cikin yanayin da ya dace da tarin aiki.

Juyawa

Irin wannan shukar tana jurewa dashi sosai. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar ɓoye daji a hankali, ƙoƙarin kada ku cutar da tushen tushensa, sannan kuma ku canza shi zuwa cikin rami na dasa, wanda yakamata a rufe shi da cakuda ƙasa mai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki. Kadaitaccen daji ya buƙaci yalwar ruwa. Bayan kwashe cikakken ruwa a cikin ƙasa, farfajiyar da'irar tana buƙatar buƙatar rufe ta da ciyawa.

Kiwo

Irin wannan shuka ana iya yaduwa ta hanyar zuriya (mai samarwa) hanya, kazalika da ciyayi - ta hanyar sanya farashi, yanka da rarraba daji.

Hanyar iri

Yana ɗaukar dogon lokaci kafin a sami isasshen ƙwayar cuta daga tsirrai kuma ba koyaushe yana ƙare da nasara. Don stratification, ana sanya tsaba a cikin firiji a kan shiryayyen kayan lambu na tsawon watanni 3. An shuka su a watan Afrilu, yayin amfani da dogon tanki cike da gaurayawar ƙasa, wanda ya haɗa da peat, ƙasa lambun da yashi. Dole ne a rufe kwantena tare da fim kuma a canza shi zuwa wuri mai dumi. Seedlings zai buƙaci a girma a gida har zuwa lokacin bazara mai zuwa.

Raba Bush

Propagate daji ta rarraba daji yayin dasawa. A shuka da aka haƙa, ya kamata a yi cikakken bincike na tushen sa, yayin da ya bushe da Tushen rotted ya kamata a cire. Sa'an nan kuma an yanke daji zuwa sassa da yawa, yayin da yakamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa kowane delenka ya kamata ya sami tushe mai ƙarfi da asalinsu. Dole ne a yayyafa wuraren da aka yanke da gurɓataccen mai. Shuka irin wannan delenki a cikin ramukan da aka shirya. Ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar a cikin hanya guda ɗaya kamar farkon saukowa.

Maimaitawa

Rooting of layering shine mafi ingancin hanyar kiwo. Zaɓin da aka zaɓa wanda ya zaɓa dole ne a lanƙwasa zuwa saman ƙasa kuma a saka cikin shirye tsagi. A wurin da harbi ke da alaƙa da ƙasa, dole ne a sanya abin ɓoye kuma a bi da shi tare da wakili mai tasowa. An saita harba wannan wuri kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa, yayin da sashin na sama ya kamata ya kasance kyauta. A lokacin bazara, kar a manta da shayar da sanya ruwa a wani yanayi wanda ya dace domin kasar da ke kusa dashi tana da danshi ko da yaushe. Bayan ɗan kankanen lokaci, Tushen zai yi girma daga kodan da ke ƙasa. Zai iya yiwuwa a raba irin wannan kayan da kuma sanya shi a cikin sabon wuri kawai lokacin bazara mai zuwa.

Yaduwa da gamuwa ta yanke

Farfagandar da cuttings ne da za'ayi a cikin bazara da kaka. Don haka, a watan Mayu, ya kamata a yanka gefunan rabin-lignified, wanda aka dasa a cikin bahon da ke cike da cakuda ƙasa don shuka. Don lokacin hunturu, ana cire wannan akwati zuwa ɗakunan ƙasa idan ana so. Girbe a cikin kaka cuttings tushen mafi kyau. Don yin wannan, yankan da aka yanka a lokacin kaka dole ne a nannade cikin polyethylene kuma a saka su cikin ginin, a cikin bazara ana bi da su tare da Kornevin kuma a dasa su a cikin inda za su zauna har zuwa lokacin bazara mai zuwa. Don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, irin wannan seedling dole ne a ɗauka tare da dunƙule mai. Bayan shekara 1 ko 2 bayan dasa shuki a wuri na dindindin, waɗannan shukokin zasu fara yin fure.

Cutar da kwari

Irin wannan shuka yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka da kwari, duk da haka, idan yanayin yayi zafi, to, ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo, aphids ko thrips zasu iya tsayawa akan daji. Don kawar da waɗannan kwari da ke tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga shuka, yi amfani da maganin acar kashe kansa (Actara ko Actellika), kuna buƙatar jiyya 2 ko 3, yayin da tsawon lokacin hutu a tsakaninsu shine kwana 7. Hakanan, caterpillars da suke cin ganyayyaki zasu iya yin sulhu a kan kullun. Tare da karamin adadin su, littafin tattara ya kamata a yi. Idan akwai yalwa da yawa, to sai a fesa daji tare da maganin kashe kwari.

Bayan fure

Idan, bisa ga tsinkayar yanayi, hunturu mai zuwa bazai da dusar ƙanƙara sosai ba kuma yana da sanyi sosai, yana da mahimmanci a rufe tarin ruwa. Bayan an saita zazzabi sama zuwa alamar ƙonawa, zai zama tilas a cika akwati ɗin da girman girman tsinkayen tare da peat, kwakwalwan katako ko haushi, ƙaƙƙarfan abin da ya kamata ya zama daga 10 zuwa 12 santimita. Idan ɗan itacen nan bai cika shekara 5 da haihuwa ba, to, an ƙulla shi ga ƙasa, an rufe shi da rassa, kuma a lokacin hunturu, ana jefa dusar ƙanƙara a kansa. Idan ana so, kambi na shuka yana nannade da spanbond ko lutrasil, an cire shi ne kawai a cikin rabin na biyu na Afrilu, bayan zafin zafin iska sama sama da digiri. Idan hunturu yana da tsananin sanyi, to, abun zai iya daskarewa, amma a lokacin bazara yakan farfado da sauri sosai. A lokaci guda, gogaggen lambu lura cewa mazan da shuka, da mafi girma da sanyi juriya.

Girma a karkara

Idan kun yi girma rikice-rikice a yankuna tare da yanayin sanyi, to, harbe-harbe ba koyaushe yana da lokaci don girma kafin hunturu, sabili da haka a cikin lokacin bazara zaka iya ganin tukwici bushe a daji. Ya kamata a yanke su a gaban shuka fure. Domin harbe ya girma da sauri lokacin da daji blooms, kana bukatar ka rage ruwa, dakatar da ciyar, da kuma cika da akwati da'irar tare da Layer ciyawa (peat ko takin da alaka da sawdust ko foliage), kauri daga wanda ya zama daga 5 zuwa 10 santimita. Wannan ba zai kare tushen tsiro daga hunturu ba, har ma ya tilasta shi ya tattara abubuwan gina jiki. A ƙarshen kaka, kusan dukkanin ci gaban matasa suna buƙatar yanke. A lokaci guda, lignified mai tushe tare da karamin yawan ci gaban matasa ya kasance kan daji.