Itatuwan tsire-tsire na Berber dereza, ko dereza na kasar Sin, ko goji berries, ko dereza na yau da kullun, ko kuma barbarian dereza, ko berries wolf (Lycium barbarum), wani nau'in halittar halittar Dereza ne na dangin Solanaceae. A kasar Sin, ana kiran wannan shuka "Ningxia gouzi", a fassara wannan suna na nufin "Ningxian dereza", yayin da Turawa, "goochi" ke kama da "goji". Ana samun irin wannan al'ada a cikin yanayi na dabi'a a Tibet, Russia, China da Himalayas. A farkon karni na 21, an tallata goji berries a matsayin wata shuka mai amfani da kaddarorin warkarwa da kuma iya magance kowace cuta, mutane suna da'awar cewa adadi mai yawa na abubuwanda aka gano sunadaran antioxidant suna cikin hankalinsu. Irin wannan al'ada ana kiranta "lu'u-lu'u ja", "Berry Berry" da "Berry Berry." Amma da yawa binciken da masana kimiyya suka yi bai tabbatar da wannan bayanin ba, don haka ba za a iya daukar ruwan goji a matsayin waraka ba.
Siffofin Goji Berry
Itace bishiyar goji itace shuki mai yanke hukunci wanda tsayinsa yakai mita 3.5, yayin da kambi a nisan ya kai mita 6. Tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi yana ratsa cikin zurfin yadudduka na ƙasa kuma ya samar da adadin zuriyar asalinsu. A farfajiya na rassan rawaya masu launin rawaya masu launin rawaya masu yawa. Dukkanin farantin ganye ne mai sauki a cikin girman su da na elliptical a sikelin, a saman su ana zane su da launin shuɗi, da ƙasa - a cikin launin shuɗi. Siffar furanni suna da kararrawa, ana iya fentin su da shunayya, ruwan hoda-purple ko launin ruwan hoda-brown. Suna da dandano mai laushi. 'Ya'yan itacen beran itace kaɗan ne mai siffar launin shuɗi wanda ya kai tsawon mil 20; ana iya fentin shi a cikin ruwan lemo, ja da murjani. Irin wannan shukar tana fara fitar da 'ya'yan itace daga shekara ta uku ta girma, amma a wasu halaye wannan ya faru da farko.
Girma goji a gonar
Noma
Kuna iya yada dereza na yau da kullun ta hanyar tsirrai da hanyoyin ciyayi, a ƙarshen lamarin, ana amfani da gefunan rabin-rabi, wanda ya kai kusan santimita 10 a tsayi.
Tsaba basa buƙatar saurin farko. A cikin bazara, kafin shuka, ana nutsar da su da yawa a cikin ruwa mai ruwa. Yayin shuka, ya kamata a binne tsaba kawai 0.3 cm cikin cakuda ƙasa mai narkewa, wanda ya haɗa da loam da peat (2: 1). Akwatin tare da amfanin gona yana buƙatar rufe daga sama tare da gilashi ko fim, to, an sanya shi a cikin wuri mai ɗumi (daga digiri 20 zuwa 25). Ka tuna cewa ba shi yiwuwa a ba da damar cakuda ta bushe a kowane yanayi, ka kuma kare amfanin gona daga canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi a cikin dakin. Seedlingsaya farkon seedlings, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya bayyana bayan sati biyu. Bayan wannan ya faru, yakamata a dasa ciyawar zuwa wani wuri mai cike da haske, amma ya kamata a girgiza su daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Bayan ruwan ganye ya yi girma a kan bushes, ya kamata a watsa su zuwa gonar lambu a kan gadon makaranta. A can za su yi girma na shekara 1. Don hunturu, ya kamata a rufe shuka sosai. A cikin bazara, za a iya dasa shuki seedlings a cikin dindindin. Furen irin wannan tsire-tsire yana farawa bayan shekaru 2 ko 3, tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa na farko da zasu ba da shekaru 4 ko 5 kawai bayan dasawa cikin bude ƙasa.
Yankan
Idan kana son propagate talakawa dereza vegetatively, to, don wannan ya fi kyau a yi amfani da lignified tsohuwar eso, saboda suna ba da tushen sosai da sauri. Wurin yanka a watan Yuli na Agusta ko Agusta ya kamata a nutsar dashi a cikin maganin samfurin da ke motsa samuwar asalin sa. Sa'an nan ana dasa cuttings a ƙarƙashin fim ko a cikin greenhouse. Har zuwa kwanakin ƙarshe na hunturu, yakamata a dasa tushen a cikin wani wuri mai sanyi, alal misali, fitar da shi zuwa veranda mara ruɓi, baranda mai ruɓi. A cikin bazara, ana shuka itace a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Kuna iya shuka irin wannan shukar a cikin kowane ƙasa. Koyaya, yana haɓaka mafi kyau a yanki mai cike da ruwa mai cike da ruwan acidic.
An ba da shawarar shuka seedlings a cikin ƙasa buɗe a cikin bazara. Girman ramin saitin ya zama 40x40x40 santimita. Lokacin dasa shuki da yawa seedlings, ya kamata a lura da nisa tsakanin mita 1.5-2 tsakanin su. Don cika rami na dasawa, kuna buƙatar shirya cakuda ƙasa, don wannan kuna buƙatar haɗa ƙasa da gram 150-200 na superphosphate, kilogram na humus (takin ko peat) da gram 30-40 na potassium sulfate (ash ash). Haɗa ƙasa sosai.
Bayan an dasa shuka, yakamata a binne tushen sa a ƙasa ta hanyar mm 10-30. Lokacin da rami saukowa ya cika, ƙasa ƙasa a cikin da'irar gangar jikin dole ne a matse. Itace tana shayar da ruwa sosai, kuma bayan an gama shan ruwan cikin ƙasa, an rufe farjinta da ƙasa mai ciyawa (peat, haushi, humus ko kwakwalwar itace).
Kulawar Goji a cikin Lambun
Watse
Ga matasa bushes na talakawa dereza na farko shekaru ya kamata a lura sosai. A kasar gona a kusa-da'irar da'ira kada ya bushe gaba daya, amma ruwa kwarara a cikin tushen tsarin kada a yarda, musamman a low yanayin zafi, tun da rauni Tushen za a iya lalace saboda wannan. Don hana rigakafin sanyi da kuma lokacin ruwan sama, dole ne a rufe saman dajiyar akwati tare da fim. Yaro ɗan itace ya fi tsayayya ga fari da injin ruwa, yakamata a shayar da shi lokacin fari kawai.
Manyan miya
A cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa shuki, ba a buƙatar shuka ciyawar, saboda za su sami isasshen abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda aka gabatar da su cikin ƙasa lokacin dasa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, yakamata a ƙara hadaddun ma'adinai ko takin ƙasa akai-akai zuwa ƙasan da'irar kusa-da'irar.
Mai jan tsami
Irin wannan ɗan itacen yana buƙatar samuwar kambi na yau da kullun, yayin da yake girma sosai, kuma tsayinsa zai iya kaiwa kimanin mita 3-4. Don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na shuka da kuma sanya shi mafi kyau, saboda wannan, a cikin 'yan shekarun farko, kana buƙatar datsa ciyawar, yankan ɓoye rassan da mai tushe. Sakamakon haka, kawai mafi kyawun iko da keɓaɓɓen rassa ya kamata ya kasance a kan shuka, an kafa kafadu 'ya'yan itace a kansu, kuma rassan' ya'yan itace sun riga sun girma a kansu. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, waɗannan rassan 'ya'yan itace suna taqaitaccen abu, ba tare da raguna sama da 4 akan kowannensu ba. Wannan pruning yana haɓaka haɓaka. Yawancin 'ya'yan itãcen marmari an kafa su ne a shekarar bara.
Har zuwa tsayin dabbar ya kai 200 cm, ƙananan rassarsa zasu buƙaci madaidaicin goyon baya, saboda bai kamata su kwanta a farfajiyar ƙasa ba.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Don wannan al'ada, kwari kamar: Colorado beetles, aphids da caterpillars na scoops hunturu suna da haɗari. Don hallaka su, dole ne a fesa da shuka tare da jiko na wormwood.
Sakamakon yau da kullun na iya samun wayewar gari da fari mildew. Mafi sau da yawa wannan yakan faru ne lokacin da shuka ba a ciyar da itace ash. Dole ne a shafa shi ga ƙasa yayin dasa iri, kuma idan an lura da alamun farko na kowace cuta, to daji zai buƙaci turɓaya a kan ganye tare da toshe itace. Idan wannan hanyar ba ta bayar da abin da ake so ba, to, shuka za ta buƙaci magani tare da maganin kashe ƙwari.
Cin nasara
Irin wannan al'adar ana saninsa da matsakaicin zafin hunturu, yana iya jurewa da rage zafin jiki zuwa digiri 15-25. Amma idan hunturu ba dusar ƙanƙara ba, to daji na iya daskarewa. A wannan batun, a ƙarshen kaka, ya kamata a rufe shi da kyau, don wannan suna amfani da rassan spruce.
Lokacin da ake horar da iri tare da juriya mai ƙarancin sanyi, ana bada shawara don tono bishiya a cikin kaka tare da babban dunƙarar ƙasa da dasa shi a cikin kwantena. Dankin zaiyi hunturu a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi-sanyi a ƙarancin yanayi.
Goji girbi da ajiya
Bayan 'ya'yan itãcen talakawa dereza juya launin ja mai zurfi, zai yuwu ci gaba zuwa tarin su. Don yin wannan, a ƙarƙashin itacen daji, ya wajaba don yada masana'anta, a kan abin da berries cikakke zai yi crumble lokacin da churned. Kar ku manta don kare hannayenku tare da safofin hannu masu ɗaure, saboda wannan shuka an rufe shi da allura mai kaifi. 'Ya'yan itacen da aka share datti (rassa, ganye, da sauransu) ya kamata a warwatsa su don bushewa a ƙarƙashin wata alfarwa. Bayan ɗan lokaci, yan berries suna buƙatar yanke duk sandunan, to, sun ci gaba da bushewa a cikin wurin da aka rufe. Ka tuna cewa zaka iya bushe goji berries kawai a cikin iska mai kyau, an haramta amfani da duk kayan aikin fasaha. Domin 'ya'yan itãcen su bushe a ko'ina, dole ne a juya su kuma a hade. Lokacin da kwasfa a kan berries yana da sauƙin exfoliate, wannan alama ce cewa albarkatun ƙasa sun shirya. Don adana ajiya, ana saka irin waɗannan berries a cikin gilashin ko kayan yumbu, waɗanda murfi ke rufe da su.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ɗorewa na iya zama mai sanyi, bayan wannan ana adana su a cikin injin daskarewa. Sun dace da shirya toppings don abin pies, har ma da abubuwan sha.
Yankuna da nau'in goji
Itatuwan dereza shuka shine nau'in halittar. Koyaya, wannan nau'in yana da nau'ikan 2:
Tibet dereza (Barbarum na Salson) ko Tibet goji
Wannan kamannin yana nuna shi ta hanyar yawan aiki. Fulawa da 'ya'yan itace na daji yana farawa a farkon shekarar bayan dasa shuki a cikin seedling a cikin dindindin. Siffar 'ya'yan itace mai zaki ƙirar siffa ce, a cikin tsayinsu sun kai kusan 20mm kuma suna da dandano iri daban-daban na darenhade. Koyaya, wannan tsari shima yana da abubuwan dissewa, watau, ruwa na berries da manyan tsaba.
Dereza na kasar Sin (Lycium chinense), ko Goji na kasar Sin
Wannan ciyawar ta fi karfi da girma. 'Ya'yan itãcen Crispy suna da siffar elongated da dandano mai daɗi mai daɗi, an bushe da sauri sosai. Rashin dacewar wannan nau'in sune ƙarancin hunturu da ƙarshen shigowa cikin fruiting.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an ƙirƙiri nau'ikan dereza da yawa, waɗanda suka shahara sosai tsakanin masu lambu:
- Sabuwar babba. Wannan nau'in Yaren mutanen Poland yana halin unpretentiousness, juriya hunturu da haɓaka mai sauri. Berriesarshen berries na farko akan daji ya bayyana a shekarar dasa. 'Ya'yan itaciya mai ɗorewa suna da dandano mai ɗanɗano.
- Lhasa. Irin wannan nau'in yaren Sin na farko yana da tsayayya wa sanyi da yawan aiki. Tsawon daji yakai kusan cm 300, a saman dogayen rassan akwai manyan ƙaya. Dankin yana yin 'ya'yan itace a shekara ta biyu bayan dasa shuki a bude ƙasa. Launin furanni masu kamun kai ne da shuɗi. Berriesan itace mai haske mai haske suna da kamannin-ovate, tsayin su shine 20 mm, kuma suna awo daga gram 2 zuwa 3. Tasteanɗar da nama yana da daɗi-da daƙiƙin perceancin rashin sani.
- Manyan sukari. Tsawon daji mai yaduwa kusan 350 cm, yana tsayayya da sanyi da yawan aiki. Tsawon 'ya'yan itace orange mai zafin wuta kusan mil 25 ne; suna da dandano mai ɗanɗano. Wannan nau'in kuma ana kiranta Tibet barberry.
- Amber mai dadi. Wannan nau'in Cina da aka Haifa a cikin 2016, yana da juriya mai tsananin sanyi, amma yana da zafi-ƙauna. Nan da nan ya zama sananne sosai a tsakanin lambu. Irin wannan daji bai manne da tallafi ba, amma ya dogara ne akan su. An san ciyawar ta hanyar saurin girma, kuma tsayinta zai iya kaiwa zuwa cm 250. fruitsa Itsanenta da suka farfado sun sami launi mai launi amber.
- Superfruit. Ana rarrabe irin wannan daji mai yawan gaske ta hanyar daukar hoto, tsayinsa yakai kimanin cm 300 Launi na ofanyen fure mai haske ja. Dankin ya kasance cikin 'yar shekaru 3 bayan dasa shuki a bude.
Jiungiyar Goji: Harari da Amfani
Siffofin Goji mai amfani
'Ya'yan itãcen talakawa dereza sun ƙunshi abubuwa kamar zinc, phosphorus, jan ƙarfe, baƙin ƙarfe, alli, selenium, germanium, beta-carotene, bitamin C, amino acid, polysaccharides, antioxidants, flavonoids, steroid saponins, thiamine, riboflavin da sauran amfani ga jikin ɗan adam abubuwa.
A madadin magani na kasar Sin, an yi amfani da irin wannan berries yayin maganin cututtuka na kodan, hanta, tsarin haihuwa da idanu. Berries suna taimakawa rage sukari na jini, sauƙaƙa ciwon kai da rashin bacci, kawar da mummunan tasirin menopause, ƙarfafa huhu, hana candidiasis, hana haɓaka ciwon sukari, dawo da daidaiton hormonal da aikin urinary, inganta aikin jini da aikin jijiyoyi, da sarrafa hanta mai ƙiba. , hanawa na pathogenic Escherichia coli da sauran hanyoyin kumburi a cikin jiki. Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na zamani a kasar Sin sun gudanar da gwaje-gwaje, sakamakon abin da aka gano cewa 'ya'yan itaciyar wannan tsiron ne.
Masana ilimin abinci suna ba da shawara ga duk wanda yake so yayi asara ta rashin ƙarfi don cin waɗannan berries, saboda suna taimakawa haɓaka tafiyar matakai da hawan jini, kuma suna taimakawa hanzarta fashewar ƙwayoyin mai da rage mummunan cholesterol. Creams, lotions da sauran kayan kwaskwarimar da ke dauke da 'ya'yan itaciya na dereza, suna da tasiri mai maimaitawa. Kamar yadda samfuran magunguna galibi suna amfani da jiko na foliage ko berries na wannan shuka.
Contraindications
Akwai mutanen da suke da haƙurin juna ga fruitsa ofan fariza. Duk da haka baza su iya amfani da mata masu juna biyu, masu shayarwa ba, har ma da yara underan shekaru 3. An shawarar da lafiyayyen lafiyayyen mutum ya ci 'ya'yan itatuwa 25 a rana. Idan baku da contraindication don cin goji berries, har yanzu kuna buƙatar tuntuɓi ƙwararrun farko.
