Shuka raspberries Shuka da kulawa a cikin ƙasa buɗe Yadda ake datsa raspberries da shirya hunturu

Raspberries bishi ne mai laushi tare da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da kayan abinci mai narkewa mai ɗanɗano. Ana iya cin 'ya'yan itacen Rasberi sabo ne, ƙara wa nau'ikan yin burodi, tare da sukari, daskararre, daskararren girbe, da sauransu. Ana samun bushes ɗin rasberi a cikin gidajen lambuna da dama na kantuna. Don haɓaka al'adun da ke haifar da 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa, ya kamata ku koyi ƙarancin shuka da kulawa.

Yaushe shuka raspberries: a bazara ko kaka?

Kwanan wata shuka (bazara ko damina) sun dogara da yanayin yanayin yankin:

• A wajen kudu bazara mai zafi, bushe, wucewa da sauri. A cikin yankuna na kudu, ya fi kyau dasa shuki raspberries a cikin kaka: rabin na biyu na Satumba-farkon Oktoba. Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi mai tsananin gaske, seedlings zasu sami lokacin da zasu dau tushe kuma zasuyi saurin girma a bazara.
• A cikin yankuna na arewa lokacin bazara, rigar - an kirkiro yanayi mai kyau don dasa shuki. Idan winters suna sanyi, tare da tsananin sanyi, lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin kaka, bishiyoyi rasberi sukan mutu daga sanyi.
• A tsakiyar band Rasberi za a iya dasa duka biyu a cikin bazara da kaka. Koyaya, an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar gwaji cewa saukowar kaka ta kasance mafi nasara.

Yadda za a dasa bushes rasberi a cikin bazara, kalli bidiyo:

Yadda za a shuka rasberi bushes a cikin bazara, bidiyo yana gaya wa:

Inda za a dasa raspberries

Zaɓin shafin

Nasara mai nasara da fruiting suna buƙatar yanki mai amfani da hasken wuta tare da kariya daga iska mai ƙarfi. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin inuwa, harbe zai fara isa ga haske, yawan amfanin ƙasa zai yi rauni.

Magabata da makwabta

Maƙwabta tare da strawberries, bishiyoyi, 'ya'yan itace, ba a ba da shawarar dankali ba - suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka iri ɗaya. Kuna iya sanya rasberi a cikin yankin da kayan lambu, bushes guzberi ko currants kasance masu girma.

Wuri

Tsarin gadaje a kan hanya daga arewa zuwa kudu ya fi dacewa: ta wannan hanyar bushes zai sami ƙarin hasken rana. Sau da yawa ana shuka busheshen rasberi kusa da shinge ko tare da shi.

Ilasa

A ƙasa na bukatar m, drained. Haske loam zai yi. Ana iya girma a cikin ƙasa mai yashi, amma aƙalla sau ɗaya a shekara zaka buƙatar ciyar da kwayoyin halitta.

Yadda za a zabi seedlingsan itacen rasberi don shuka

Photoan itacen rasberi mai lafiya

Zaɓi don dasa shuki na shekara-shekara tare da kauri na kusan 1 cm tare da asalin fibrous. Dole ne su kasance lafiya (ba tare da wani ci gaba ba, lalacewar tushe ko tushe).

Yadda za a dasa rasberi bushes hoto da kwatancin

Rasberi ana shuka su ne a cikin ɓarna ko hanyar rami.

Wajibi ne don shirya shafin a gaba. A cikin kaka, suna yin wannan watanni 1.5 kafin saukowa nan da nan. A cikin bazara, shirya don makonni biyu kafin dasa shuki.

Sarrafa bishiyar rasberi kafin dasa shuki hoto

A lokacin dasa, ana bada shawara don tsoma tushen asalin seedling a cikin mafita na mullein fermented da yumbu ko a cikin maganin haɓakar mai haɓaka.

Saukowa a cikin ramuka

• A cikin yumbu ko ƙasa mai yashi don tono, ƙara humus ko ƙasa mai peat, tsarma loam mai nauyi tare da yashi kaɗan (1 guga a 1 m²).
• Tona fitar da rami rami 50x40x40 a girma. Haɗa ƙasa da aka fitar daga rami na dasa tare da kwayoyin halitta da kayan abinci na baya.
• Idan babu wani shiri na farko na kasar gona, tono rami na dasa shuki da cika su da cakuda wadannan abubuwan: 10 kilogiram na humus ko takin, 400 g na itace ash, 100 g na superphosphate granules, 50 g na potassium sulfate.

Shuka bishiyoyi rasberi a cikin hoton dasa fossa

Nisa tsakanin berryan itacen rasberi da layuka lokacin dasa: Lura nesa tsakanin tsire-tsire mutum na 70-100 cm, tsakanin layuka - 1.5 m. Wannan hanya ce mafi girma (daji), wacce aka fi dacewa amfani dashi don dasa shuki.

Yadda ake dasa hoton bishiyoyi

• Lokacin da aka dasa shuki raspberries, ya zama dole don shayar da seedlings don ya sanya kasar gona da yawa a cikin rami. Ana kiyaye zafi har sai alamun alamun girma na harbe da ganyayyaki sun bayyana, to, ana shayar sau ɗaya a mako.
• Ba lallai ba ne a yi ruwa a lokacin bazara, musamman idan ana tsammanin yanayin damuna.

Yadda za a shuka hoto rasberi

Idan za ta yiwu, bayan yin ciyawa, ciyawa duniya kusa da daji rasberi: wannan zai adana danshi, rage adadin ruwa, inganta yanayin ƙasa, numfashinta da kuma ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani.

Saukowa a cikin mahara

Zaka iya dasa bishiyoyi ta hanyar maɓuɓɓuga:

• Tono rami na 40-45 cm zurfi da faɗin 50-60 cm.
• Sanya seedlings a nesa na 40 cm daga juna.
• Riki nesa tsakanin 1.5 m tsakanin furrows.
• Idan saman ya kasance m, cika shi da tare maɓuɓɓuga, ƙara ƙara adadin ash. Ciyar da ciyawar da aka yanke tare da takin gargajiya ko ma'adinai kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.
• Ba'a ba da shawarar ƙara saman riguna na nitrogen ba.

Rage sapling a cikin wani fari ko rami, yayyafa tare da ƙasa kadan, ruwa da yawa kuma ƙara sauran ƙasa. Dole ne tushen wuyansa ya zama zamewa tare da saman ƙasa. Kadan karaya kasa kadan, ciyawa da da'irar da'irar.

Rasberi dasa a layuka biyu

Dasa rasberi a cikin hoto guda biyu

Rasberi seedlings za a iya dasa a cikin biyu layuka. Hanyar tana da fa'ida: ƙarin dasa bishiyoyi masu muni, adana sarari tare da dacewa da kula da raspberries.

• Lantunan da aka haɗa suna kan nesa 40 cm daga juna.
• Seedlings a cikin layuka ana shuka su ne a nesa na 40 cm.
• Rowaukar sarari mai tsayi tsakanin layuka da aka haɗa suna barin 1.5-2 m, ya dogara da tsayin nau'ikan.

Dasa rasberi a lokacin bazara

Dasa rasberi a cikin hoto na rani

Ana iya dasa Raspberries a cikin bazara a watan Yuni, kafin farkon lokacin zafi, ko lokacin da babban zafi ya rigaya ya koma baya, a rabin na biyu na Agusta. A wannan lokaci, rasberi ya riga ya zama mai lalacewa kuma ana iya rikitar da shi dan samun kayan shuka. Zai fi kyau idan kun yi haƙa gaba ɗaya kuma ku raba bushes, saboda rikice rikice a cikin tsohuwar wuri har yanzu zai ji rauni kuma ba zai kasance cikakkiyar cikakkiyar tare da babban dasa ba.

Sanya adadin da ya dace na kayan dasa, raba shi zuwa sassa tare da wuraren ci gaban 2-3 da dasa shi ta amfani da kowane hanyoyin da aka bayyana a sama. Lokacin dasa shuki na raspberries zai buƙaci a shayar da shi sosai don bushes ya fara. Wannan hanyar tana da fa'ida: dasawar farko zata samar da ingantacciyar tushe da kuma hunturu mara zafi, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga yankuna masu tsananin sanyi.

Yadda ake kulawa da raspberries a gonar

Yadda ake ruwa

A cikin bazara da bazara, ruwa kawai tare da matsanancin fari, yalwatacce sau ɗaya a mako. Ana buƙatar ƙarin watering mai zurfi sosai kafin farawa na fure, da kuma yayin kwanciya da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Pre-hunturu watering ma da muhimmanci - a wannan lokacin, kan aiwatar da kwanciyar hankali maki faruwa, kuma mafi danshi ne cikakken, da mafi nasara da shuka zai hunturu. Lokacin yin ruwa, ƙasa ya kamata ya jike ta 30 cm cm An ba da fa'ida ga ruwa ban ruwa.

Wani lokacin kwance ƙasa, a kai a kai cire ciyawa.

Yadda za a datsa raspberries

Trimming muhimmin bangare ne na kulawa.

• Tushen Biennial: a farkon shekarar da suka ci gaba, a shekara ta biyu - an daidaita shi, ya ba da 'ya'ya ya mutu. Irin wannan harbe dole ne a yanke zuwa ƙasa bayan fruiting ko bazara mai zuwa.
• Hakanan yanke bakin ciki, mai tushe mai lalacewa.
• A cikin daji daya, bar ba fiye da 7 harbe.
• A farkon bazara, yanke da mai tushe, ya bar su game da 1.5 m high - wannan shine tsakiyar ɓangaren da ke ba da 'ya'yan itatuwa mafi kyau (ana iya haɗa tsarin girbi na bazara tare da girbin kaka na tsoffin rassan). Gyara babban koda.

Yadda za a datsa rasberi a cikin kaka, kalli bidiyon:

Ka tuna cewa ana shawarar raspberries masu gyara don a yanke su gaba ɗaya a cikin kaka a ƙarƙashin tushe, ba tare da barin harbe ba. A cikin bazara, za ta kori matasa rassan kuma a ƙarshen bazara-kaka za ta fara ɗaukar 'ya'ya sosai.

Yadda za a yanke kayan raspberries a cikin fall, kalli bidiyo:

Kada ku bar rassan rassan rauni na raspberries. Haka ne, yana iya bada amfanin gona na bazara, amma zai yi karanci kuma an yanyanka berries. Zai fi kyau girbi ba amfanin gona biyu (na farko da na marigayi), amma ɗayan, kaka.

Yadda ake ɗaure raspberries

Hoto na rasberi akan trellis

Ya kamata a ɗaure ƙananan bushes. Tsakanin layuka, sanya ginshiƙai kimanin 1.5 m high, a tsayi na 1 m sama da ƙasa, mika wayar galvanized kuma ɗaure harbe a ciki - wannan garter trellis ne. A shekara mai zuwa, ana bada shawara don ƙara ƙananan (30 cm sama da matakin ƙasa) da kuma layi na sama (0.5 m sama da matsakaici). Don haka harbe ba zai fasa daga nauyin 'ya'yan itacen ba, za a sauƙaƙa tsarin girbi.

Fan garter: fitar da turaku guda 2 tsakanin bushes, ƙulla wani ɓangare na harbe ɗayan daji da kuma wani ɓangaren harbe na wani a heights daban-daban, ana karkatar da su ta hanyar arched.

Ta yaya kuma lokacin ciyar da raspberries

Idan harbe ba su yi girma da kyau ba, a farkon Afrilu - farkon Mayu, ƙara guga na “masu tsafin dutse” a ƙarƙashin kowane daji (1 shebur na saniya taki, 5 g na saltpeter ko urea da guga na ruwa).

Don haɓaka yawan aiki a cikin fall, ana bada shawara don ƙara kwayoyin halitta (bulo na 2-3 na humus ko peat tare da ƙari na 100 g na saltpeter ko urea ga kowane daji).

Ana shirya raspberries don hunturu

A cikin kaka, wajibi ne don fara shirye-shirye don hunturu. Cire kuma ƙone ciyawa, wanda aka ɓoye a ƙarƙashin daji gaba ɗaya lokacin - wataƙila karin kwari suka zauna a ciki. Tona ƙasa, mai zurfi ta hanyar cm cm 8. Yanke: yanke duk tsohuwar harbe, yanke fiɗa zuwa tsayi 1.5 m.

Wintering a cikin Urals da Siberiya

Bayan matakan da ke sama, ci gaba zuwa tsari. Lanƙwasa da mai tushe kamar yadda ƙasa-wuri zuwa ƙasa, gyara su a kan layi na ƙasa na trellis. A cikin hunturu, Rasberi bushes ya kamata a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara. Jefa shi a saman idan babu isasshen dusar ƙanƙara. Tare da hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara ya kamata a rufe shi da rassan spruce.

Cututtuka Rasberi da Karin kwari

Tare da lura da fasaha na aikin gona da kulawa ta dace, cututtuka da kwari ba su da m.

Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa:

• Tushen ƙwayar cuta - blisters suna bayyana a kan Tushen, berries sun rasa dandano mai daɗi, harbe suna tanƙwara, juya rawaya, ganye suna juya rawaya kuma su faɗi. Ba shi yiwuwa a warkar da shuka. Tono da ƙona tsire-tsire masu cuta. A wannan rukunin yanar gizon, ba a ba da shawarar shuka komai ba har tsawon shekaru 2.
• Tsatsa - da harbe an rufe shi da duhu ulcers, ganye bushe, fada a kashe. A cikin matakan farko, bi da bushes tare da maganin 1% na ruwa Bordeaux. A cikin maganganun ci gaba, dole ne a zubar da bushes.
• Chlorosis cuta ce ta hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da cuta. Wannan kuma yakan faru ne yayin da ake shayar da ruwa mai sanyi, daga ruwa na ƙasa, ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki ko lokacin da ƙasa ta sami karuwar maganin alkaline. Ganyayyaki sun kasance karami, maras kyau, harbe ba sa inganta, berries bushe. Gano takamaiman dalilin kuma kawar da shi.
• Anthracnose - da berries bushe, m launin toka tare da farin datsa bayyana a ganye. Wajibi ne don cire wuraren da abin ya shafa, bi da bushes tare da magani na musamman (nitrafen).

Karin kwari sun hada da: irin ƙwaro irin ƙwaro, berryan itacen rasberi, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo. Wajibi ne a aiwatar da maganin kashe kwari.

Iri da nau'ikan raspberries

An bambanta nau'in raspberries:

1. Lambun ko na gargajiya - nau'in mafi yawan Hardy tare da amfanin gona na yau da kullun, yana bada kimanin kilo 4 na berries daga wani daji. Kula da matakin Malakhovka.
2. Gyara - yana ba da adadin berries mafi girma. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sau biyu a shekara.
3. Manyan frua fruan itace - sun bambanta a cikin manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girma dabam idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan. A iri-iri ne yalwatacce.
4. Rawaya mai rawaya ko rawaya - masu shayarwa sun birgeni da yawa mai dadi tare da launin rawaya da ƙididdigar rikodi. Mafi yawan launuka masu ban sha'awa shine Giant Rawaya.
5. Aronia ko blackberries - ba dame tare da blackberries. Iri tare da berries a cikin launin shuɗi-baki. Berry m sosai. Mafi kyawun iri: Ugolek, Litach, Bristol, Boysenberry, New Logan.
6. Cakakkiyar raspberries ko raspberries sune tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi waɗanda basa buƙatar garter. Iri: Fairy Tale, Tarusa, sansanin soja, Galaxy.

Typean nau'o'in nau'in gyara: Apricot, Mulatto, Mu'ujiza ta Orange, Diamond.

Ripanyan nau'ikan fadowa na fari: Giant na zinariya, Cascade, Vega, Cumberland, Glen Ampl.

Iri na marigayi ripening: Mirage, Ruby, Stolichnaya.