Heliotrope (Heliotropium) yana da dangantaka kai tsaye da dangin bogi. Wannan nau'in halittar ya hada kusan nau'ikan tsire-tsire 300. An wakilta ta perennial herbaceous shuke-shuke, kazalika da shrubs. A dabi'a, ana iya samo su a cikin wurare masu zurfi, tropics, har ma a cikin yanayin Amurka da Rum. An samo sunan fure daga kalmomi 2 na yaren Greek, wanda ke fassara a matsayin "rana" da "juyawa, juyawa." Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa furanni suna juyawa bayan rana.
Heliotrope din ya samu karbuwa sosai kamar yadda ake dasa shuki a cikin karni na 18 saboda kyan gani da yake da shi. Mafi shahararren, ana kiran irin wannan tsiro "dye litmus" da "ciyawar lichen", a Ingila ana kiranta "cherry kek", a Faransa - "ciyawar ƙauna", da kuma a Jamus - "ciyawar Allah." Wannan tsire-tsire ya samo aikace-aikacen ba wai kawai kamar shuka ba ne, amma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin turare, har ma da magani. Amma don samun daji mai ban sha'awa, mai ƙanshi a cikin lambun ku, kuna buƙatar koyon yadda ake kulawa da irin wannan shuka yadda ya kamata.
Abubuwan hawan ruwa
Kowane ɗayan nau'in wannan shuka yana da duhu kore pubescent ganye madadin, obovate. Takardun yan gajeren zango na iya shafawa ko wavy. Ana fentin furanni masu ƙanshi mai shuɗi a cikin shuɗi mai duhu ko shunayya, kuma ana tattara su cikin garkuwa mara kyau. Wadannan furanni suna dauke da mahimmancin mai, kuma har ya zuwa yau ana amfani dashi sosai a masana'antar ƙanshin. Koyaya, ya kamata a lura cewa akwai wasu jinsuna a cikin harbe wanda akwai alkaloid mai guba wanda ake kira cinoglossin, yayin da suke cikin tsaba akwai laziocarpine. Wadannan abubuwan suna da tasirin gaske a jikin jijiyoyin jiki na jikin mutum, harma da dabbobi. Koyaya, a matsayin mai mulkin, irin waɗannan nau'in ba sa girma kamar amfanin gona na lambu.
Furen kowane tsabtatawa na tsawon sati 4. Bayan fure, an samar da 'ya'yan itace (coenobia), wanda, bayan yakasance, an kasu kashi 4 (ginin). A kowane ɗayan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin shuka ne. A cikin yanayin yanayi mai kyau, heliotrope yana girma kamar perenni, amma a tsakiyar latitude tare da lokacin sanyi mai sanyi ana girma a matsayin shekara-shekara.
Girma daga tsaba a cikin ƙasa bude
Shuka
Duk wanda ya yanke shawarar girma irin wannan fure daga tsaba ya kamata ya tuna cewa yakamata a ɗauki zaɓi na kayan dasa tare da duk alhakin. Kuna buƙatar siyan tsaba kawai a cikin shagon ƙwararrun mai kyau, yayin da fifiko yakamata a ba wa waɗannan samfuran amintattun kamar: Prestige, Search, Johnsons ko Unwins Seeds, saboda zasu iya tabbatar da inganci mai kyau da kuma rarrabe iri. Idan har abin da aka dasa ya kasance da inganci, to, fure daga lokacin da irin ya fito zai bayyana ne a cikin watanni 3-4. Idan ka yanke shawarar shuka iri da kuka tattara kanku, to kuna buƙatar shirya don gaskiyar cewa haɓarsu ba ta da kyau, irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna yin fure ne kawai a ƙarshen lokacin bazara, yayin da bushes kansu na iya zama tsayi daban-daban, kuma inflorescences ɗin nasu ya fi yadda aka saba.
Seeding for seedlings
Shuka tsaba don shuka ya zama dole a ƙarshen lokacin hunturu farkon lokacin bazara. Cakuda na kasar gona, wanda ya kunshi peat da yashi (4: 1), dole ne a bi da shi sosai don ware yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta daga tsaba tare da cututtukan fungal da yawa. Zuba ruwan cakuda da aka shirya a cikin akwati kuma a cukuda shi. Bayan wannan, zaku iya fara shuka, don wannan kuna buƙatar rarraba iri, sannan ku yayyafa su saman tare da cakuda guda, yayin da ya kamata ya zama santimita 0.1-0.2, amma ba ƙari ba. Kwandon da ke saman dole ne a rufe shi da gilashi ko fim, sannan a jefa shi cikin wuta (daga digiri 18 zuwa 20). Bayan 'ya'yan huhun sun bayyana, kamar kwanaki 5-20 bayan shuka, gilashin yana buƙatar cirewa daga cikin akwati, kuma ya kamata a sake shirya shi akan windowsill. Ya kamata a ƙara yawan zafin jiki dan kadan zuwa digiri 20-22. A lokaci guda, ba a buƙatar tsire-tsire masu ƙwaƙwalwa masu haske, tunda sun girma da haɓaka da kyau ba tare da su ba.
'Yayan itace
Lokacin da seedlings suka girma ganye na 2 na ainihi, za su buƙaci nutsewa. Suna zaune a cikin tukwane daban-daban tare da ma'aunin santimita tara, yayin da suke cika su da cakuɗan ƙasa. Bayan dasawa, dole ne a shayar da tsire-tsire. Bayan rabin wata bayan tara, ya kamata ku ciyar da matasa tsirrai. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da taki don shuka.
Saukowa
Ya kamata a dasa wannan fure a cikin filin budewa a farkon bazara, lokacin da barazanar sanyi a dare zai wuce. Wurin da ya dace da heliotrope ya kamata ya kasance rana, kuma ƙasa a wannan yanayin yana buƙatar sako-sako, ruwa mai cike da ruwa, wadatacce tare da abubuwan gina jiki, kuma ya ƙunshi babban adadin humus.
A cikin rami da aka shirya, zuba takardar da dung humus. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar canja wurin fure a hankali kuma ku cika shi da ƙasan lambun talakawa. Ana matse ƙasa kusa da shuka, sannan a shayar.
Kulawar da ta dace
Girma
Domin shuka don yayi girma kuma tayi al'ada, ana buƙatar tsarin shayarwa daidai. Ruwa shi kawai idan ya cancanta, a bushe yanayin watering zai zama mafi m. Lokacin da aka shayar da shuka, kuna buƙatar sassauta ƙasa a hankali tsakanin bushes, yayin cire duk ciyawa mai ciyawa. A lokacin da mulching kasar gona, da yawaitar weeding, watering da loosening ne sosai rage. Sau biyu a wata, heliotrope zai buƙaci ciyar da shi, kuma kuna buƙatar ci gaba da wannan har zuwa farkon lokacin fure mai zafi. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da cikakken takin gargajiya.
Cutar da kwari
Aphids, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo da fararen fata za su iya zama tsirrai. Don kawar da waɗannan kwari masu cutarwa, kuna buƙatar kula da fure tare da Actellic. A cikin taron cewa ba zai yiwu a rusa dukkanin kwari gaba ɗaya ba, to dole ne a sake sarrafa heliotrope bayan kwanaki 7.
Furen yana iya samun launin toka. Wannan cuta ta fungal za a iya kawar da ita kawai a matakin farko. Bayan gano alamun cutar, ya kamata a gudanar da magani na kashe-kashe.
Shuka kaddarorin
Wannan tsire-tsire ba kawai ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa ba ne. Don haka, ya dade yana shahara sosai a fannin maganin mutane. Ana amfani dashi don magance cutar dutsen koda, da kuma azaman maganin anthelmintic. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don magance cututtukan fata kamar warts ko lichen. Koyaya, a Jamus an cire wannan tsiro daga amfani saboda yana kunshe da alkaloid na rayuwa. A wannan batun, lokacin amfani da heliotrope a matsayin magani, kuna buƙatar yin hankali sosai kuma ya fi kyau a nemi ƙwararrun ƙwararrun likitanci kafin amfani dashi.
Heliotrope bayan ƙarshen lokacin fure
Ta yaya kuma a wani lokaci kuke buƙatar tattara tsaba
Ko da malamin gona da ba shi da masaniya zai iya shuka irin wannan shuka kuma ya kula da shi. Amma nesa da kowa zai iya jurewa da yaduwar halitta, musamman idan aka tattara tsaba daga lambun su. Wannan aikin haifuwar yana da matukar rikitarwa kuma kyakkyawan sakamako shine kawai a lokuta masu saurin gaske, saboda tsaba a tsakiyar layin kawai basu da lokacin yin riji a al'ada. Zai dace a duba ko ya wajaba a kashe lokaci da kuzari a kan tara tsaba, daga wanda, a mafi kyawun yanayi, ba kyawawan tsire-tsire ba ne masu girma. Abu ne mai sauƙin shuka iri da aka saya, daga wacce aka tabbatar da furanni masu kyau. Amma a wannan yanayin, idan kuna son yin ƙoƙarin haɓakar heliotrope daga tsaba da aka tattara da kanku, to kuna buƙatar jira har sai inflorescence ya bushe, ya bushe kuma ya yi baƙi. Sannan a hankali ta fashe, kuma ana fitar da kananan tsaba daga ciki. Dole ne a raba iri da aka fitar, a bushe sannan a zuba a cikin kwali don ci gaba.
Heliotrope a cikin hunturu
Tunda an girma shi azaman shekara-shekara, a cikin kaka ana lalatar da bushes ɗin kawai, saboda ƙasar zata buƙaci takin da haƙa. Koyaya, a cikin yanayin cewa akwai sha'awar shuka irin wannan shuka a cikin hunturu a gida, kuna buƙatar tono ɓangaren fure na fure kafin sanyi na farko, dasa shi a cikin tukunyar fure kuma ku kawo shi gida. Heliotrope zai buƙaci ƙarin hasken wuta, kazalika da sanyin sanyi (digiri 15-18), a cikin sa'ilin zai yi doguwar daɗewa sosai, cike ɗakin da ƙamshin turare na musamman. A cikin bazara, idan ya cancanta, za'a iya yanka itace daga irin wannan fure kuma kafe.
Babban nau'ikan da iri
A yanayi, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan irin wannan shuka, amma a lokaci guda suna girma ne kawai 3. Heliotrope shine Peruvian ko itace-kamar (Heliotropium peruvianum, arborescens) - shine mafi yawan jinsunan daji. Kazalika da kara kara karairai (Heliotropium amplexicaulis) da kuma maganin toshiya na wucin gadi (Heliotropium corymbosum). Halin helikofon na corymbose yana da manyan furanni da yawa ba ganye sosai ba idan aka kwatanta shi da Peruvian, kuma kara tsintsiya itace nau'in tsinkaye.
Helikofta shine Peruvian ko helliprope mai siffar itace - a tsayi na iya kaiwa santimita 60. Takaddun ganye masu gajerann gajenta na siffar ƙanƙancewa sune pubescent. Furanni ana fentin cikin shuɗi mai duhu ko shuɗi mai duhu kuma an tattara su cikin inflorescences, diamita wanda zai iya kaiwa santimita 10-15. Flow yana da yawa kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa farkon sanyi. Mafi mashahuri iri-iri shine "Marin", wanda ke da ganye mai duhu kore mai launin shuɗi da furanni masu ruwan shuɗi. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan nau'ikan, misali: Mini Marine, Dwarf Marine, Princess Marine, Marine Blue da sauransu. Iri iri daban-daban kamar su Rigal Dwarf, wanda yake karami, da Uwargidan Fari, suna da fure mai ruwan hoda, suma sun shahara sosai, amma idan suka bude, furanni sukan zama farare.
