Kamar yadda kuka sani, viburnum wata itaciya ce mai matsakaici ko karamar bishiya wacce take fitar da 'ya'yan itace da suka girma a ƙarshen watan Agusta ko Satumba. Su ne ja a launi tare da m ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma babban mai girma a ciki. Ana amfani da waɗannan berries a dafa abinci, don dalilai na magani, ana cinye su duka biyu da sabo.
Berries na Viburnum vulgarisA cikin Rasha, viburnum an san shi na dogon lokaci, an lasafta shi a tsakanin al'adun 'yan asalin Rasha tare da ash ash da Birch. An fara aikin kiwo na gaske a ƙasarmu tare da viburnum kawai a ƙarshen karni na ashirin, wato, kwanan nan.
Nau'in nau'in viburnum na farko ya bayyana a cikin Rajistar Jiha na Ci gaba a 1995, kawai shekaru 22 da suka wuce, suna dacewa da wannan rana, waɗannan sune cultivars: Zholobovskaya, Souzga da Ulgen. Sabuwar iri-iri an haɗa su a cikin Rijistar Jiha a cikin 2016, wannan shine Aurora cultivar. A cikin duka, nau'ikan al'adu 14 na wannan kyawawan al'adu an haɗa su yanzu a cikin Rijista ta Jiha.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa viburnum ba shi da tsayayyen gradation ta yanki, al'adace ce ta duniya tare da saitunan kaddarorin da ke ba da damar yin nasara da nau'ikan iri daban-daban a yankuna waɗanda gaba ɗaya daban-daban ne game da yanayin yanayin canjin yanayi. Zai yuwu a rarrabe nau'ikan viburnum da ke cikin Rijistar Jiha zuwa cikin manyan rukunoni uku - wadancan nau'ikan da suka fi dacewa da yankuna na arewacin, saboda suna da matukar tsananin hunturu; nau'ikan da ke ba da mafi kyawun mai da yawa a cikin cibiyar tare da lokacin zafi mai ɗorewa da danshi fiye da na arewa; kuma iri dake samar da kayan amfanin gona kawai a kudu, inda fari ba ababuwa ba ne. A sakamakon haka, ana iya rarrabe nau'ikan guda shida kuma ana ba da shawarar ga yankuna na arewa da iri huɗu don tsakiyar Rasha da kuma Kudancin ƙasar.
Duba kuma cikakkun labaranmu: varietiesa varietiesan varietiesa varietiesan nau'in viburnum da viburnum - duk game da haɓaka.
Daban-daban na viburnum na arewa
Bari mu fara da yankuna na arewacin, a nan irinsu irin su Zarnitsa, Shukshinskaya, Vigorovskaya, Zakat, Maria da Ryabinushka za su ji daɗin rayuwa a nan.
Yanayin viburnum Zarnitsa, - ripens a farkon Satumba, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ɗaci, saboda haka ya fi kyau aiwatar da su. Itace tayi kama da itaciya fiye da daji, tana da rassa har zuwa rassa guda biyar, tana bada kadan girma. An shirya 'ya'yan' ya'yan itace a cikin laima-dimbin yawa scutellum, ba su da girma sosai, game da 0.65 g, siffar shine ellipse, launi launi ja ne. 'Ya'yan itacen sun ƙunshi kimanin sukari 8%, fiye da 110 mg% ascorbic acid da anthocyanins. Tersanɗanarwa suna kimanta ɗanɗano 'ya'yan itaciyar wannan nau'in a maki 3.6-3.8 daga cikin abubuwa biyar na yiwuwa. A iri ne halin da mafi girma hunturu hardiness da kuma adalci mai kyau yawan aiki - game da kilo hudu na 'ya'yan itace da shuka.
Kalina Shukshinskaya, - wannan nau'in ripens a farkon Satumba. A waje, wannan daji (ba itace ba) yana da rassa shida na kasusuwa kuma ya girma sosai. Tabarin ganye yana da haske koren, yana juye juye zuwa kaka. An shirya 'ya'yan itacen a cikin garkuwa mai kama da laima, suna da sifa mai sihiri da taro da yawa na kimanin g555 .. berries mai launi mai launin shuɗi, ɗanɗano yana da kyau, amma haushi ya kasance palpable. A cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa, har zuwa 10% sugars, fiye da 55 mg% ascorbic acid, anthocyanins. A iri-iri ne sosai hunturu-resistant, yana da m-kai haihuwa da kuma propagates da kyau tare da kore cuttings. Yawan aiki kusan kilo uku kowace shuka.
Kalina Vigorovskaya, - An samo wannan nau'ikan daban-daban daga tsallake Taiga rubies da Ulgeni. 'Ya'yan itãcen iri-iri ripen kusa da tsakiyar Satumba. Tsirrai iri iri iri ne da ke da tsirrai daga da rassa uku zuwa biyar kuma ya kai nisan mita uku. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an shirya su a garkuwar da aka yi garkuwa da su. Takardun ganye masu launin kore tare da faffadan lobes. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da siffar ƙwallon ƙwal, adadinsu yana daga 0.51 zuwa 0.53 g. Thewanin ɗamara na berries tare da ruwan' ya'yan itace mai yawa, wanda ya ƙunshi kimanin 13.9% sugars, dan kadan fiye da 1.5% na acid daban-daban, wanda ya kai 45 MG% ascorbic acid. Tasteyanɗar da berries ɗin suna da daɗi, haushi kusan ba a jin shi, an kiyasta ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano a maki 4,3, wanda alama ce mai ƙarfi ga viburnum. Shuke-shuke da kansu suna da tsauri lokacin hunturu da albarka (kimanin kilo biyar a kowace shuka).
Guarnder-fure sahilin Zarnitsa.
Guelder-fure sa Shukshinskaya.
Guelder-fure sa Vigorovskaya.
Yanayin viburnum Rana rana, - 'ya'yan itãcen wannan nau'ikan suna shirye don girbi a farkon Satumba, suna da zafin rai, sabili da haka sun dace kawai don sarrafawa. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da harbe madaidaiciya, mai ƙarfi. Sabbin furanni, don viburnum, suna da yawa babba, game da 0.72 g, siffarsu tana zagaye, cike take da sikelin suka saya mai launin shuɗi. Yawan aiki yana da girma sosai - fiye da kilo bakwai daga wani daji. A iri-iri ne sosai hunturu resistant, resistant zuwa kwari da cututtuka.
Kalina Mariya, - 'ya'yan itacen wannan nau'in za'a iya girbe su a ƙarshen watan Agusta,' ya'yan itãcen marmari ne masu ɗanɗano za su ɗanɗana, akwai haushi, amma ba a cika aiki ba, saboda haka ana iya cinye sabo ne ko kuma a sanya su cikin samfuran sarrafawa. Yawancin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ne tare da kambi mai shimfiɗa dan kadan. Afaƙƙarfan Leaf suna da girma da kore. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da matsakaici a nauyi, yawanci daga 0.61 zuwa 0.63 g, siffarsu tana zagaye, lokacin cikakke, sun zama mulufi mai haske. Yawan aiki ya yi yawa - har zuwa kilo goma a kowace shuka mai girma. Wannan iri-iri ne sosai m, ba cututtuka da cutar, daga kwari kawai lokaci-lokaci ana farmaki da aphids.
Ryabushka, - an samo wannan nau'in ta hanyar zaɓi mai sauƙi tsakanin thean seedlings na viburnum kusa da Kogin Bogataya. Sakamakon ya kasance iri-iri wanda 'ya'yan itatuwa suka girma a farkon Satumba, amma kada ku bambanta cikin kyakkyawan dandano, mai daci. Itace iri daban-daban itace dazuzzuka itace daji mai yaduwa tare da ɗimbin ganye mai duhu duhu launi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari iri-iri suna da sihiri mai kyau, fata mai laushi, ba su da ƙanshi mai daɗin “viburnum”, da yawa idan suka farfado sun sami launin ja da wadataccen taro don viburnum, wanda ya kai 0.71 g. Saboda gaskiyar cewa daji yana da iko kuma berriesan itacen ya yi girma babba; fiye da kilo tara na amfanin gona ana iya girbe su daga tsararrai ɗaya. Daban-daban suna da tsaurin yanayin hunturu kuma cikakke ne don girma a yankuna na arewacin.
Kalina iri-iri.
Kalina aji Mariya.
Ryabinushka aji na Guelder-fure.
Daban-daban na viburnum don yankuna na tsakiya
A tsakiyar Rasha, nau'ikan irin su Zholobovskaya, Souzga, Ulgen da Taiga rubies zasu nuna kansu mafi kyau dangane da yawan amfanin ƙasa da kasuwancin berries.
Yanayin viburnum Zholobovskaya, - an samo shi ta hanyar zaɓi tsakanin seedlingsan seedlings na viburnum a cikin daji. 'Ya'yan itãcen sun shirya don girbi a tsakiyar Satumba. Shuke-shuke da wannan iri-iri ne shrubs tare da m kambi. Lokacin da aka dasa cikin shekaru biyu, ana iya samun fruitsa fruitsan farko a shekara ta uku ko ta huɗu. Ana tattara berries a cikin garkuwa mai siffar laima, suna da ɗan elongated kuma suna da siffar mai sihiri da launi mai haske mai haske. Matsakaicin nauyin berry shine kimanin 0.58 g, kowannensu yana da daskararren ɓangaren litattafan al'aura tare da ɗanɗano tsinkaye, zamu iya faɗi cewa 'ya'yan itacen suna daɗi. Scorean dandanawa ya kusan maki 4.1, wanda yake alama ce mai kyau don viburnum. Kowane 'ya'yan itacen viburnum ya ƙunshi daskararru 18%, fiye da 11% sugars, game da 1.5% acid, har zuwa 115 mg% ascorbic acid da ƙari 715 mg% P-aiki mahadi. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na nau'ikan kusan kilo biyar a kowace daji. Alas, iri-iri na buƙatar masu aikin pollinators kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin ruwa.
Kalina Souzga, - da aka samo iri-iri ta zabin tsakanin seedlingsan dabbobin daji da ke girma na viburnum. 'Ya'yan itãcen ripen kusa da ƙarshen Satumba. Shuke-shuke da ire-iren waɗannan kyawawan tsire-tsire ne marasa daidaituwa, suna ba da amfanin gona na farko shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa shuki shekaru biyu a shafin. An shirya berries a cikin garkuwa mai siffar laima, suna da sifa mai siffar maraba da mai launi ja lokacin cikawa. Matsakaicin taro na 'ya'yan itacen kusan 0.66 g, duk suna da nama mai laushi, tare da ɗanɗacin haushi. An kiyasta ku ɗanɗani ta ɗanɗano a maki 3.7-3.9. Kowane 'ya'yan itace sun ƙunshi kusan 10% sugars, game da 1.9% acid, fiye da 137 mg% ascorbic acid da ƙari 580 MG% ƙwayoyin P-aiki. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa ya kai kilogiram 6.6 a kowane daji. Alas, iri-iri suna da-son kai, na buƙatar nau'in pollinating akan shafin kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin ban ruwa.
Guadder-fure sa Zholobovskaya.
Viburnum sa Souzga.
Yanayin viburnum Ulgen, - an samo wannan iri-iri ne ta hanyar zaba tsakanin seedlings da aka girma cikin yanayi. 'Ya'yan itãcen ripen a kusa da tsakiyar Satumba. Shuke-shuke da ire-iren waɗannan ire-iren itace ne tare da kambi mai laushi tare da ba da 'ya'ya na tsawon shekaru 3-4, lokacin da aka dasa su cikin shekaru biyu. An shirya berries a cikin garkuwa mai siffar laima, suna da sifa mai siffar maraƙi da launuka masu launin ja. Matsakaicin nauyin Berry shine 0.69 g, kowane yana da ɓangaren litattafan almara mai laushi tare da ɗan ƙaramin ɗanɗano. Ku ɗanɗani da ɗanɗanar ta isidaita da maki 4.1. Kowane 'ya'yan itace na wannan nau'in ya ƙunshi kimanin 12.5% sugars, game da 1.9% acid, fiye da 129 mg% ascorbic acid, kuma har zuwa 560 MG% mahaɗan P-aiki. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa daga daji shine kilo hudu. Alas, iri-iri ne mai-da-da-da-sa, na buƙatar nau'ikan pollinating akan shingen kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin ban ruwa.
Kalina Taiga Rubies, - An samo wannan iri-iri ta hanyar zaba tsakanin seedlings daga pollination na kyauta na viburnum. 'Ya'yan itãcen ripen kusa da farkon Satumba. Bambancin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ne na yau da kullun suna kai tsayin mita uku kuma suna da kambi na ɗaya diamita kamar tsawo na shuka. An shirya 'ya'yan itacen a cikin laima-kamar garkuwa, suna da sihiri a sifa kuma sun isa taro mai nauyin 0,51 Kowane berry ya ƙunshi kimanin sukari 9.6%, fiye da 1.5% acid, game da 130 mg% ascorbic acid kuma har zuwa 668 MG% mai aiki P mahadi. Dandano tare da haushi, amma kuma ana jin daɗin ɗanɗano, don haka ya ɗanɗana dandano da maki 3.4-3.6. A iri-iri na haifuwa da kyau tare da kore kore, da ake samu game da kilo uku daga wani daji da kuma na bukatar m ƙarin watering.
Kalina iri-iri Taiga rubies.
Guelder-fure sa Ulgen.
Daban-daban na viburnum ga yankuna na kudanci
Don kudu, maki a matsakaici na nema a kan danshi, tare da ƙaramin lokacin bushewa kuma a irin wannan yanayi na iya samar da wadataccen haɓaka, sun dace: bunan wasan jan, Elixir, Munduwa Garnet da Aurora.
Kalina Ja bunkun, - 'Ya'yan itãcen ripen a kusa da tsakiyar Satumba. Shuke-shuke da ire-iren waɗannan bishiyoyi ne tare da kambi mai shimfiɗa dan kadan da girma, kore mai duhu a launi, ruwan tabarau. Berries a kudu suna girma da girma - har zuwa 0.75 g, siffarsu tana zagaye, launi launin duhu ne. Ku ɗanɗani yanayin kudu ba tare da haushi ba. Yawan amfanin gona yakai kilo biyar a kowane daji. A iri-iri ba ya bukatar iri pollinating da ƙarin ban ruwa, zai iya jure fari.
Yanayin viburnum Elixir, - 'Ya'yan itãcen sun kusa kusan tsakiyar Satumba. Shuke-shuke da wannan iri-iri ne shrubs tare da dan kadan yada kambi da manyan, duhu kore ruwan wukake. An shirya 'ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin nau'ikan kwanon rufi, kowane Berry yana da nau'i mai zagaye da launi mai launi. Ana iya kiran ɗanɗanar 'ya'yan itatuwa mai daɗi, haushi a kudu kusan ganuwa. Yawan 'ya'yan itacen ya kai 0.81 g, kuma matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona ya kai kilo biyar a kowane daji. Kowane Berry ya ƙunshi kimanin sukari 10%, kasa da 2% acid, har zuwa 60 MG% ascorbic acid da kuma sama da 1000 mg% pectin. A iri-iri yi haƙuri zafi da fari da kyau, ba ya bukatar ƙarin watering da pollinating iri.
Guelder-fure saitin bunch.
Guelder-fure sa Elixir.
Kalina Garnet munduwa, - 'Ya'yan itãcen wannan iri-iri sun haɗu a farkon kwanaki goma na Satumba. Daban-daban tsire-tsire ne na gargajiya-sized bushes tare da dan kadan yada kambi. Afanƙan ganye a matsakaici ne mai girma, kore a launi. Bishiyoyin suna da girma sosai, sun zarce yawan 0.81 g, suna da sihiri mai kyau, ɗan daɗaɗɗa akan koli da duhu launi mai duhu. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine kilo biyar a kowace daji. Kowane Berry yana dauke da sukari 10.5% na sukari, game da 2% acid, sama da 32 mg% ascorbic acid. Tasteanɗanawar berries tana da daɗi sosai, don haka ta ɗanɗana shi da aƙalla maki 4,4 don viburnum. A iri-iri ba ji tsoron zafi da fari.
Aurora, - 'Ya'yan itãcen wannan iri-iri sun haɗu kusa da tsakiyar Satumba. Shuke-shuke na iri-iri sune dwarf shrubs, tare da kambi mai shimfiɗa dan kadan. Afanƙan ganye a arearama ne, kore mai haske a launi. Berries suna da girma, har zuwa 0.71 g, suna da nau'i mai zagaye, launi ja mai haske. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine kilo biyar a kowace daji. 'Ya'yan itacen sun ƙunshi kusan kashi 8% na sukari, kawai akan 2% acid, fiye da 42 mg% ascorbic acid. Dandanan 'ya'yan itatuwa a kudu sunyi kyau, masu ɗanɗano shi da maki 4.1. A iri-iri ba ji tsoron fari.
Guelder-fure saƙa munduwa Garnet.
Guronder-fure sa Aurora.
Duk waɗannan nau'ikan na iya girma cikin aminci a waɗannan yankuna; an gwada su kuma an tabbatar da amincin su.
