Pteris - mafi unpretentious na ferns

Pteris ya sami nasarar cin nasarar lakabi mafi girma da mafi sauƙi don girma ferns kowane nau'in shahararrun al'adun cikin gida. Da gaske yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan da basu bayyana ba, amma kuma yana da nasa bukatun don zafi. Saboda su, babban amfanin babban pteris shine kayan kore. Ganyen ganyayyaki masu cike da launuka iri-iri da kuma girma dabam-dabam abubuwa ne da ba za a iya samun su ba a cikin burbushin cikin gida. Juice mai launin kore ko launi mai motley, bayyanar cikakkun bayanai, halayyar halayya da tasiri yanayi a cikin gida yana juyar da pteris zuwa wata tauraruwa tsakanin al'adun gargaji da al'adun gargajiya. Kuma ikon daidaitawa da yanayin haske daban-daban yana ba ka damar shigar da shi cikin yanayin da dakuna.

Cretan Pteris (Pteris cretica). © floradania

Pteris - giant na ɗaki tare da halayen kwanciyar hankali

Fiye na cikin na cikin gida da farko kallo ba zeyi ferns ba kwata-kwata. Amma duk da cewa ba 'yar talakawa bace, wacce ba ta dace ba ga sauran' yan uwan ​​mu, suna cikin mafi dadewar tsirrai a duniyarmu. Pteris (Pteris) - tsire-tsire masu ban mamaki da abokantaka, ba wai ga masu noman fure ba, har ma ga wasu al'adu. An yi imani cewa wannan fern zai kasance cikin jituwa tare da kowane irin shuka, kayan ado da kayan ado na cikin gida. Muna da wannan fern na cikin gida mafi yawanci ana kiranta bracken.

A dabi'a, pteris yana wakiltar jinsin mutum biyu da ɗari ɗari, kowane ɗayan zai iya cancanci cancantarsa. Amma a al'adar daki, ba za su iya yin fahariya da bambancin envi ɗaya iri ɗaya ba. Kamar fure-fure, aan nau'in ƙwayoyin pteris ne kawai suke girma, yayin da nau'in guda ɗaya kaɗai ke yaɗuwa - Cretan pteris.

Cretan Pteris (Pteris cretica) yana samar da vayi har zuwa tsawon rabin mita. Zane-zanen gado daban-daban na nau'ikan zazzage iri iri da aka raba kamar nau'i shida kawai. Haka kuma, ƙananan ganyen ganye ma ana watsa su zuwa lanceolate lobes, kuma babba na sama, a matsayin mai mulkin, duka ne. Wyayam baƙon abu bane sabili da reshen ganye mai tushe tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu na babba na lobes da kyakkyawan kyakkyawan bakunansu. Kwanan nan mai laushi, ebesated lobes a cikin nau'ikan samfura dabam-dabam ana samun su ta hanyar tsarin feathery. Duk da gaskiyar cewa ferns wannan fern yana da mutuƙar ban mamaki da ƙarfi, jurewa har ma da matsanancin yanayi, suna da matukar raɗawa kuma suna da sauƙin sauƙi. Yawancin lokaci, harbe da yawa na wannan shuka suna girma a cikin layi daya, wanda ke tabbatar da sabuntawar Cretan pteris na yau da kullun da bayyanar kyakkyawa. Wannan fern na iya yin alfahari da wani sabon abu, ƙaramin gajeran rhizome na nau'in creeping, yayin da sikeli da gashin kansu a bayyane suke a kan tushen sa. Ganyen Cretan pteris masu kaifin fikafiki ne, wanda ya ba da suna ga gaba ɗaya.

Ofaya daga cikin fa'idodin Cretan pteris ana ɗauka a matsayin babban palote mai wadatarwa, suna ba da zaɓi don zaɓar nau'ikan launuka masu launuka, launuka daban-daban, launin shuɗi-ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, daɗaɗɗen ganyayen furanni ko kuma murƙushe kololuwa azaman madadin ga kayan gargajiya na gargajiya. A lokaci guda, tsire-tsire masu motley suna da ƙari kaɗan fiye da na talakawa. Mafi kyawun siffofin suna bambance albolineata tare da fararen farali tare da tsakiyar jijiya da katsewa tare da ƙarin sassan ganyayyaki akan vayas na kan layi mara kan gado.

Cretan kumar (Pteris cretica)

Sauran sanannun nau'in pteris sune:

1. Pteris mai tsalle-tsayi (Pteris longifolia) wata ƙasa ce mai rhizome fern da ke samar da vaji har zuwa rabin mita tsayi kuma faɗin cm 25, sau ɗaya, yana da nau'i biyu tare da launuka masu kyau na ciyawa. A petiole na wannan fern ne ko da yaushe ya fi guntu da ganye, yanki elongated-lanceolate, har zuwa 12 cm a tsawon.
2. Rawar jiki na Pteris (Pteris tremula) - mafi girma kuma mafi kama da sauran ferns, wakilin pteris. Zai iya kaiwa tsayin 1 m, yana samar da waii mai ban mamaki tare da lobes mai nauyin gaske. Thean itace suna da rauni sosai kuma suna saurin lalacewa, amma shuka tayi girma da sauri har tana iya ninka girmanta a cikin shekara
3. Tef ɗin Pteris (Pteris vittata) an bambanta shi da kyakkyawar lanƙwasa na ganye mai tsayi wanda ya kai tsayin 1 m, da kuma gashin fuka-fukan, ba a cikin nau'i-nau'i, amma a maimakon haka.
4. Maballin Pteris da yawa (Pteris multifida) nasa ne na shahararren ferns tare da watsa sabon salo na watse. Ganyayyaki biyu-cirrus suna girma zuwa 40 cm a tsayi kuma 20 cm a fadin kuma suna nunawa tare da sassan layi, kamar ma fika na ciyawa. Tare da babban girman ganyayyaki kansu, sassan ganyayyaki suna iyakance zuwa nisa na 2-3 mm kawai, kuma serrated gefen yana ba su har ma fiye da sabon abu.
5. Pteris xiphoid (Pteris ensiformis) ana ɗaukarsa shine mafi kyawun tsire-tsire na ƙwayoyin halittar, koda kuwa ƙarancin ƙwayar Cretan pteris ne. Samu kawai 30 cm ba ga tsayi, yana flaunts tare da ganye mai pinnate sau biyu har zuwa 25 cm tsawo tare da sassan m. Wannan fern yana da nau'ikan launuka tare da fararen azurfa ko fari da alamu, alal misali, kyawawan launuka iri-iri "Victoria".

Pteris yana da sauƙin girma kuma ana ɗaukar su daidai waɗanda ba su da ƙyalli na ferns na cikin gida. Wannan itaciya ce wacce ta cancanci zaɓar don fara lambu da waɗanda ba sa son su wahalar da kansu tare da kulawar babban ɗakunan tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Pteris ya dace da yanayin ɗakin talakawa kuma a zahiri ya sanya tsauraran buƙatu kawai a kan sigar yanayin zafi. Amma girma furanni pteris kawai a lokuta na fure zai zama babban kuskure. Wadannan ferns sauƙin jure hawa da sauka a cikin haske har ma kaifi tsalle a cikin zazzabi.

Pteris longifolia (Pteris longifolia). Casey B. Ribis Pteris (Pteris vittata). Ball P Ballings Pteris multicut (Pteris multifida). Press cypressnaturepark

Kulawar Pteris a Gida

Lantarki na Pteris

Pteris bai amsa da kyau ba ga hasken rana kai tsaye da ƙaƙƙarfan inuwa, amma yana dacewa da kyau ga yanayi daban-daban tare da yaduwar haske da inuwa m. A wannan yanayin, shading, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba ya tasiri da kyanwar wannan fern. Godiya ga irin wannan kyakkyawar daidaitawa, ana iya amfani da pteris a cikin ciki, yana nuna ba kawai akan sills taga ba. A cikin inuwa, pteris ba zai mutu ba, amma ya zama mafi yawan friable kuma ya rasa sifofin halayyar tsarin wai.

Mafi kyawun wannan shuka shine murhun window na arewacin, da kuma wurare masu kama da su a cikin walƙiya. Kodayake pteris zai ji daɗi a gabas da yamma.

Zazzabi mai nutsuwa

An dauki Pteris daya daga cikin ƙauna mafi sanyi na cikin gida. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da kyau idan yanayin iska a cikin dakin bai tashi sama da digiri 21-22 ba. Pteris yana haƙuri da zafi na ɗan gajeren lokaci sosai, kazalika da sauƙaƙewa a cikin alamun zafin jiki. Consideredaramin zazzabi don wannan fern ana ɗauka ya zama digiri 10-13 a cikin hunturu, amma a kowane lokaci na shekara bazai sha wahala ba, koda zazzabi yana canzawa sosai. Amma kamar yadda matsakaiciyar ƙimar pteris, zazzabi na kimanin digiri 18 ya fi dacewa (musamman don nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba su yarda da raguwar zazzabi mai yawa). A lokaci guda, fern fi son a ɗan ƙaramin canjin zazzabi tsakanin rana da dare.

Pteris baya jure dillalai sosai sosai, musamman ma masu sanyi. Bai kamata a fitar da shuka zuwa ga iska mai kyau ba, ban da baranda a lokacin bazara, amma ya fi kyau samar da pteris tare da ingantaccen abun ciki a cikin ɗakin.

Xiphoid Pteris (Pteris ensiformis). Man Fran Manos

Watering da zafi

Kamar kowane ferns, pteris shine tsire-tsire mai mahimmanci. Ba ya son waterlogging, amma ya fi son cewa substrate a cikin tukunya ne ko da yaushe rigar. A lokacin rani, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar watering yau da kullun. Ana aiwatar da hanyoyin, yana mai da hankali kan matsayin danshi na ƙasa kuma nan da nan yake ɗebo ruwa daga kwanon.

Farawa daga tsakiyar kaka, pteris yakamata a canza shi zuwa yanayin bushewa, rage ruwa domin a shayar da shuka kusan sau 2-3 a mako a hunturu.

Wani dabarun ya dace da wannan kara - mai cike gurbin da keɓaɓɓe ta hanyar nutsar da tukunya a ruwa mai ɗumi. Ana sa tukunya cikin ruwa har sai kukan iska ba zai fito ba, sannan kuma ƙyale yalwar danshi su gudana cikin yardar kaina.

Humarancin iska ba mai mahimmanci ba ne, amma sama da laima, daɗin daɗaɗɗawar kamannin dutsen da kuma haɓaka ta. Sabanin tatsuniyoyi, furannin furanni da kuma hotunan furanni ba lallai bane a gare shi ko da kuwa pteris na iya zama tauraron tarin abubuwa a cikinsu. Don pteris, kowane dabarun ƙara yawan ɗakunan iska na iska ya dace:

• za a iya sanya fern a cikin akwati na waje cike da peat ko pebbles;
• tukwane za'a iya sawa a kan kwandon shara tare da daskararren daskararren yumbu ko yumbu mai kauri;
• yau da kullun fesa ganye tare da kyakkyawan SPRAY.

Murmushe Pteris (Pteris tremula). © pepiniereezavin

Koyaya, huɗar ruwa da maɓuɓɓugan cikin gida suna cikakke.

Lokacin yin shayarwa da fesawa, ya kamata a hankali zaɓi ruwa mai laushi da yawa digiri sama da zafin jiki na ɗakin. Watsa pteris tare da ruwan dumi yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin hunturu kuma lokacin da aka kiyaye shi mai sanyi. Don maganin pteris, dole ne a tace ruwa na al'ada, a tabbata cewa ba ya ɗauke da adadin kuzari, ruwan chlorine da ruwan lemo. Lokaci-lokaci don shuka, zaka iya acidify ruwa tare da ruwan lemun tsami ko citric acid.

Ciyar da pteris

Jadawalin ciyarwa don maganin ƙwayoyin cuta ba ya bambanta da dabarun hadi na wasu ferns. Ba ya buƙatar mahimmin abinci mai gina jiki kuma yawanci takin mai magani don pteris suna ba da rabin gwargwadon sauran tsire-tsire. Mafi kyawun hanyoyin tafiyar shine riguna 1 a cikin sati biyu. Allurar takin zamani da mai siyarda shawarar ya ragu. An ciyar da Pteris na musamman lokacin lokacin dumi daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Don wannan shuka, zaka iya amfani da takin gargajiya na musamman don ferns, ko gaurayawar kayan amfanin gona da kayan girbi.

Karkashin Pteris

Pteris yana yin haƙuri da kyau sosai. Za'a iya yanka vayi mai lalacewa kamar yadda yakamata a lokacin juyawa ko ma a matakin girma na aiki. Ko da duk tsire-tsire sun bushe, zaka iya yanke fern, da yanke duk harbe. Yawan shayarwa ko kuma nutsar da tukunya na tsawon yini cikin ruwa zai kai ga bayyanar wasu 'ya'yan tsiro da cikakkiyar dawowar fern.

Cretan Pteris (Pteris cretica). Ard jardinetmaison

Dasawa da canza ruwa

Don pteris, wajibi ne don zaɓar abun da ke cikin ƙasa mai sauƙi wanda ya dace da duk ferns lambun. Ana ɗaukar cakudaddiyar cakuda zama daidai cakuda daidai sassan yashi, takarda, sod, humus da ƙasa mai peat, amma duk wata ƙasa mai cakuda mai gina jiki tare da pH na 5.5-6.0 kuma ya dace. Wannan shuka ana iya girma a cikin sauƙin sauƙaƙe - a cikin takin peat mai sauƙi ko a cakuda ƙasa wanda ya kunshi daidai sassan ƙasa mai laka, peat da yashi.

Tunda wannan fern ke tasowa sosai kuma yana haifar da harbe-harbe da yawa a lokaci guda, yawanci yana buƙatar juyawa shekara-shekara har ma da yawan shekaru. Don pteris, dasawar farkon bazara yayi kyau. A cikin wannan hanya, babban abu shine a shimfida magudanar ruwa kuma kada a rufe ƙasa da yawa: saboda abun da ya shafi ƙasa da tsarin ban ruwa, haɗuwa yayin dasawa zai iya haifar da cin zarafin numfashi. Don pteris, ƙarfin yana ƙaruwa da girman guda idan aka kwatanta da na baya. Babban matsala a cikin hanyar shine magance harbe da ganyen shuka, wanda ke karya sauƙi. An fi dacewa da pteris tare da mataimaki. Lokacin dasawa, ya fi kyau tsaftace bushes nan da nan, cire karyewa, bushe ko harbe harbe, yankan su zuwa matakin ƙasa.

Pteris yana ƙaunar ƙarin haske na topsoil, wanda zai taimaka ci gaba da ɗaukar numfashi. Ana yin sa a kai a kai lokacin bazara da bazara.

Cutar da kwari

Pteris yana da tsayayya ga kwari da cututtuka. Scabies, mealybugs ko aphids da wuya su bayyana a kan shuka, har ma a cikin kusancin al'adun da ke kamuwa da cuta. Ikon kwaro ya fi kyau tare da maganin kwari.

Matsalolin girma na yau da kullun:

• rushewar ganye tare da kulawa da rashin kulawa;
• shimfiɗa shuka a cikin inuwa mai yawa;
• lalata da harbe a lokacin acidification na kasar gona.
• bayyanar launin ruwan kasa, bushewar ganyayyaki a cikin sanyi ko a hasken rana kai tsaye.

Pteris Cretan “Cristata” (Pteris cretica 'Cristata'). It Caitlin W.

Kiwo Pteris

Abubuwan halayen halayen marasa lafiyan ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗa da sauƙi na haihuwa. Wannan tsire-tsire sauƙin ba ku damar samun sababbin samfurori daga ɓarna da kuma kayan lambu. Pteris na rayayye irin son seeding. Lokacin da aka girma a cikin manyan tukwane da kwantena, suna zubar da spores, daga abin da, tare da babban digiri na zafi, ƙananan harbe a kai a kai suna bayyana. Amma idan kun tattara spores akan kanku ko siyan su, zaku iya shuka iri a cikin Maris kuma ku jira seedlings su bayyana, riƙe da ƙarancin iska mai kimanin digiri 13-15 da zafi.

Hanya mafi sauki don yaduwar wannan karar ta cikin gida ita ce raba rhizome. Wannan fern ba ya jin tsoron raunin da ya faru, yana haƙuri da dasawa kuma ana samun sauƙin dawowa bayan rabuwa. A cikin tsire-tsire na manya, yayin dasawa, zaku iya raba rhizome cikin manyan sassan 2-3 tare da babban tushen tushen kuma dasa kowane a matsayin shuka mai zaman kanta. Duk da yake riƙe da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici na iska da matsakaici mai sauƙin zafi, delenki da sauri yana daidaita kuma yana motsawa zuwa haɓaka.