Alder - kusan hawainiya

Duk wanda ya isa ya yanke alder ya ga hakan, to ya wuce bakin kwarya mai santsi, bakin gatari ya tona asirin launin sa mai ruwan hoda, wanda nan take ya canza launin zuwa launin ruwan-kasa, sannan kuma zuwa launin shuɗi mai duhu. Hakanan ana rarrabe itace Alder ta wannan dukiyar. Kawai yanzun, fari ne, bayan 'yan lokuta ya fara jujjuya launin ja, idan ya bushe, ya zama launi mai laushi mai laushi. Amma ikon canza launi na itace kawai ɗayan fasali ne masu ban sha'awa na alder da ake kira baƙar fata (haushi na tsohuwar bishiyun duhu ne) ko kuma naƙasa (matashi na fure, harbe da kuma ganye mai ganye).

Alder baki, ko Alder m, ko Alder Turai (Alnus glutinosa) - nau'in bishiyoyin AlderAlnus) daga dan Birch (Betulaceae).

Black Alder Wood © Sten Porse

Ba wata nau'in nau'i daya mai irin wannan mai girma, duhu ba, har ma da shukawar marasa aminci ga mutane. Ba shi da sauƙi a yaba da kyawun alder. Haɗu tare da ciyawa mai tsayi mai yawa, a cikin abin da akwai fuskoki da harbe-harben ƙwayoyin da ba su taɓa samu ba, ƙwanƙarar bakin ciki yana ɓoye sassan ɓangaren ɓoye mai zurfi. Don haka kawai duba a ƙarƙashin ƙafafunku kuma ku sami lokacin don kawar da sauro mai ban haushi.

Kuma alder ya ɗora daga ƙaramin akwati mai santsi, kusan tsayin mita 30, wanda ƙaramin ƙaramar launin kore yake raɗawa, wanda ba shi da sauraro mai ƙyalli. A ƙarshen kaka ne kawai alder ya rasa kayan sa, kuma abin mamakin shi ne ganyayyaki sun faɗi gaba ɗaya kore. A cikin alder, baƙon baƙi kawai shine Birch ko spruce, kuma ceri tsuntsu da viburnum koyaushe suna kan gefen.

Gabaɗaya, hoton yana da daɗi ga mutumin da ba shi da masaniya da gandun daji. Arborist yafi kyakkyawan fata. Itataccen lokacin farin ciki? Amma kadadarsa tana ba da tsayin mita 500 na katako mai tsada. Bugu da kari, alder abu ne mai matukar arziƙin ƙasa: yana samar da nodules a cikin tushen tare da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suke sha nitrogen daga iska.

Alder baki, ko alder Stick, ko alder na Turai (Alnus glutinosa). Myrthe Pel

Alder yakan hanzarta. Stan kututtukan nata suna ba da cikakkun abubuwan harbe-harbe masu sauri waɗanda zasu iya girma zuwa mita 1.5-2 a farkon shekarar, kuma ƙarshe ya kai girman magabata. Koyaya, zuriya iri ta ci gaba. A farkon bazara, launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa, mai kama da birch, catkins ya tsayi, ƙara da saki girgije na fure mai launin shuɗi.

Saukar baki baki. Namiji (catkins) da mace (cones) inflorescences. On Ramon Bravo Aliseda

An ɗauke shi sama kuma iska ta watsa shi, yana watsa ƙananan ƙananan inflorescences na furanni mata akan bishiyoyi makwabta. Yi amfani da wannan lokacin da ƙudan zuma, a hankali tattara allen pollen don ciyar da jariri. Furannin da ke cikin takin zamani sun zama ƙananan cones, waɗanda a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa watsuwa cikin ɗaruruwan dubban kwayayen ƙwayoyi game da 2 milimita a girma.

Bude Cones ya zo daidai da ambaliyar ruwan bazara. Zubin yana sauƙaƙa da watsawar tsaba a cikin zurfin tsayi. Riƙe da kyau a kan ruwa, suna iyo tare da shi na dogon lokaci har sai sun zauna a bakin gaci, inda suke toho.

Alder kore, ko tsaunin Mountain (Alnus viridis). La Matt Lavin

Jinsunan Alder

Kimanin nau'ikan 30 sun hada da nau'in alder, wanda 12 ke girma akan yankin tsohuwar tarayyar Soviet. Yan gandun daji sunyi la'akari da mafi “ƙarfin gwiwa” a tsakanin nau'in gida alder shrub: yana dawwama cikin yanayin Arctic, yana girma ko'ina cikin gandun daji-tundra, kuma wani lokacin a cikin tundra.

Ba za ku iya ƙi ƙarfin zuciya ba kuma bugu da gemu, bayan ya zauna a cikin mafi yawan lalatattun wurare da wuraren ɓarna na yaƙin Colchis. Ee da mai tsayi Nepalese sosai unpretentious. Yana cike da karimcin raunin dutsen na Himalayas ta Gabas. Yawancin nau'in halittu masu mahimmanci a ƙasarmu ana ɗaukarsu baƙar fata, wanda ya bazu ko'ina cikin yankin Turai na Rasha kuma galibi ya zarce zuwa Urals zuwa Yenisei. Kyakkyawan sa, ruwan hoda, itace mai siliki-sheen yana da sauƙin sarrafawa da gogewa sosai. Ana amfani da shi musamman don ƙirƙirar kayan kiɗa da kayan ƙaƙa. Anyi amfani da gawayi daga katako na katako don zanawa da saka kayan kariya na rigakafi.

Nepalese alder (Alnus nepalensis). R John Ruter

Sakamakon kayan kwalliyarsu, duka baƙar fata da sauran nau'ikan da nau'ikan alder ana dasa su a wuraren shakatawa kusa da koguna, tafkuna, tafkunan. Ya rage don ƙara da cewa 'ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itacen tumbi ne abincin da aka fi so da siskins da tapas.

Don haka masaniyarmu game da itace mai ban sha'awa ya faru, wanda yawancin 'yan gandun daji ke faɗi: "kusan hawainiya ne."

Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su: S. I. Ivchenko - Littattafai game da bishiyoyi