Lavender itace ta kasance mai tsinkaye tsintsiya mai tsayi. Kunkuntar ganyen lavender - kyakkyawan launi na azurfa. Spikelets na furanni lavender, mara kyau sosai ga ƙudan zuma da kanduna, masu launin shuɗi, Lilac, ruwan hoda, shuɗi da fari. Da zarar an ga lavender a saman kololuwar furenta da jin ƙanshi mai daɗin ƙanshi, ba shi yiwuwa ya faɗi cikin ƙaunar wannan shuka. Game da fasalolin girma lavender a cikin lambu - wannan labarin.
Ba da kyauta.
Bayanin Botanical na shuka
Lavender (Lavandula) asalin halittar tsirrai ne a cikin iyali Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae ko Labiatae) Ya hada da nau'ikan 25-30. Yana girma a tsibirin Canary, a arewacin da gabashin Afirka, a kudancin Turai, Arabia da Indiya. Tsarin al'adu yana girma a cikin lambuna a duniya.
Tushen Lavender an jera shi, mai sheki, mai cike da rami, ya shiga zurfin 4 m. Partashin sararin dutsen, 60-80 cm a diamita kuma ya ƙunshi rassa da yawa, samar da kambi mai kamannin siffar mai siffar mara nauyi. Bar ƙetare, sessile, layi ko lanceolate, tare da m, mai lankwasa gefuna a waje.
Furannin Lavender sune na bisexual, wanda yake a ƙarshen rassan kuma an tattara su cikin inflorescences mai ƙyalƙyali, wanda ya ƙunshi 4-11 whorls. Launi na Corolla daga fari zuwa launin shuɗi mai duhu. Yawan taro na 1000 shine 0.8-1 g.
Real lavender dutse ce, mai daukar hoto, shuka fari mai haƙuri. Ya kasance ga rukuni na al'adun thermophilic. A lokaci guda, ana halin babban juriya mai sanyi. Manyan tsirrai na yin jure yanayin zafi har zuwa debe 26 ° C. A -5 ° C, tsire-tsire masu lavender sun zama dormant. Don hanya ta al'ada ta zagayowar ciyayi na shekara-shekara, jimlar yawan zafin jiki masu aiki kadan ya wuce 3600 °.
Kula Lavender
Kasar bukatun. Al'adar Lavender tana aiki sosai akan haske, isasshen wadataccen ƙasa tare da tsaka tsaki da amsa alkaline. A cikin yanayin al'ada da isasshen danshi, yashi da ƙasan loamy sun fi dacewa da shi. Lavender baya girma sosai akan ruwan gishiri, marshy, acidic da yumɓun yumbu mai nauyi tare da kusancin abin da ke cikin ruwa.
Shuka / dasa. Yi saurin shuka lavender na ainihi da ciyawar ganye (yan itace, yanke filaye da rarrabe daji). An girbe yankan kan harbe shekaru 1-2. An dasa su a cikin katako a cikin tsari kamar 5 × 5 ko 6 × cm 4. Rooting yana farawa daga bazara kuma yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni 2. A cikin kaka, da seedlings a shirye don dasa.
Shirya abubuwan da suka faru. An shuka ciyawar lavender zuwa zurfin 60 cm, sannan kuma an noma shi sau da yawa. A cikin ƙasashen Turai, ana shuka tsiro a cikin kaka. Tsarin tsire-tsire shine 120-140 x 35-40 cm. Tushen yawaita shine tsire-tsire dubu 20 a kowace 1 ha. Ana amfani da tsire-tsire na shekaru 20-25, girbi ya fara a shekara ta biyu.
Lavender shuka / kulawa dasa. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, kulawa da dasa tsiro yana saukowa don cire inflorescences, kulawa da layuka akai-akai da dawo da tsire-tsire da suka mutu. Kowace shekara, ana bada shawarar aiwatar da takin tare da takin nitrogen. Tare da raguwa a cikin yawan tsirar shuka, suna sake farfadowa ta hanyar yankan daji a tsayin 4-5 cm daga ƙasa. A cikin Bulgaria, ana yin wannan aikin ne a kan tsire-tsire masu shekaru 10-12.
Filin lavender.
A cikin bazara, ya kamata a yanka lavender a kai a kai. A cikin yanayin bushe, ruwa mai yalwa. A cikin yanayin tsakiyar Rasha, dole ne a dogara da shi don hunturu (ƙanshi, allurai Pine sun dace). Idan, koyaya, ɓangaren da ke sama yana daskarewa, an yanke shi, kuma shuka, a matsayin mai mulkin, an dawo da shi. Guda guda ɗaya tak a kai girke a cikin bushes saboda kada su bijirar da ke ƙasa. Yana da mahimmanci kar a datsa da yawa, don tsayayyun mai tushe, kamar yadda shuka na iya mutuwa.
Kiwo lavender
Lavender yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, yan itace, rarraba daji da saka filayen. Tsaba suna buƙatar sakawa cikin kwanaki 30-40 zuwa zazzabi na +5 ° C. Sown na seedlings a ƙarshen Fabrairu da farkon Maris zuwa zurfin 3 mm. Tsaba suna girma a cikin haske a zazzabi na 15-21 ° C.
Jiyya tare da gibberelin (100-200 mg / l) yana ba da sakamako mai ƙarfi. Lokacin da tsiro na Lavender yayi girma, ana shuka su a cikin girma na cm 5. A watan Mayu, ana shuka shuka seedlings a cikin dindindin. Kuna iya shuka tsaba a kan ridges a cikin fall, a ƙarshen Oktoba. A wannan yanayin, seedlings suna fitowa a cikin bazara, a ƙarshen Mayu.
Don yan itace suna ɗaukar harbe-harben shekara-shekara, a yanka su a cikin ƙananan 8-10 cm tsayi da tushe.
Don yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba daji a cikin kaka, ana dasa tsire-tsire zuwa girman 8-10 cm kuma spud tare da ƙasa, a hankali cike sarari tsakanin mai tushe. A cikin bazara, har yanzu an yayyafa ƙasa da bushes. A lokacin bazara, lavender yana ba da girma mai yawa, wanda ke da tushe sosai. A cikin kaka, an haye daji kuma an rarraba shi.
Wata hanya mai sauƙi don yada lavender - layering. Don yin wannan, a hankali lanƙwasa harbe 2-3 a cikin bazara kuma ku sa su a cikin m (3-5 cm) tsagi, fil su, cika su da ƙasa da ruwa. A lokacin bazara, ƙasar da ke ƙasa ya kamata a ɗan ɗora. Yawancin lokaci bazara na gaba, harbi zai iya zama da kansa kuma ya yanke daga mahaifiyar daji.
Cututtuka da kwari na lavender
Daga cikin cututtukan, lavender na iya shafar launin toka (Botrytis cinerea), kuma daga kwari kwari an fallasa shi ga pennies (Maganin ƙwayar cuta na Philaenus) Sangarorin tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa da launin toka ya kamata a cire su kuma a ƙone su. Penicks son su sa larvae a kan Lavender bushes. Don kare su daga mafarauta, suna rufe larva tare da wani yanki na kumfa wanda yayi kama da yau. Wannan, ba shakka, ganimar gaba ɗayan shuka, kodayake ba ta kawo masa wata illa ba. Saukad da farin kumfa za'a iya kashe shi da kogunan ruwa.
Faransa da Jagged lavender za a iya cinye ta da ƙwayar bakan gizo (Chrysolina americana), dole ne a tattara ta da tsire.
Lavender a cikin shimfidar wuri
Abokan da suka dace don lavender sune bushes ko ciyawa waɗanda suka fi son bushewa ƙasa. Ke tsiro da kyau tare da wardi. Yawancin tsire-tsire na lambuna masu ƙanshi da tsire-tsire masu yawa tare da furanni masu launin rawaya (sun cika inuwa mai zurfi da launuka masu launuka na lavender) kuma suna haɗuwa sosai tare da lavender.
Ba da kyauta.
Shekaru da yawa, nau'ikan da nau'ikan Santolina mai ƙanshi, wanda kuma ake kira "lavender auduga", tare da furanni masu launin rawaya, an ɗauke su abokan gargajiya.
Lavender babban shuka ne don shimfidar wuri. Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin zane na yau da kullun da na yau da kullun. Daga lavender ƙirƙirar shinge maras kyau, waɗanda ake amfani dasu don shimfidar wurare na birni da lambunan tsakuwa, suna ƙarfafa bango da gangara. Lavender yana da kyau a gaban lamuran gaba da na tsakiya na mixborder, a cikin tsafe-tsafe, cikin gonar tsirrai masu ƙanshi, gami da tukwane da tubuna.
Duk wani lavender kyakkyawan shuka ne na zuma kuma yana jan yawan ƙudan zuma da ganyayyaki zuwa gonar, wanda ke jujjuya bishiyoyi a cikin manyan abubuwan. Suna tashi daga fure zuwa fure, suna juyawa kuma suna lanƙwasa filayen fure tare da nauyinsu.
Shuka tsiro tare da hanyoyin lambun ko kusa da ƙofar gidan: daga taɓawa, daji yana ɗaukar raƙuman ruwa mai sanyin ƙanshi.
Yaren mutanen Holland da na Faransa suna da kyau ba wai kawai a lokacin furanni ba, amma a duk shekara: waɗannan gandun daji suna ƙara inuwa na azurfa masu kyau zuwa gonar hunturu.
Smellarfin ƙanshi na lavender baffles kwari, saboda haka yana da ma'ana a shuka shuka a cikin gidajen lambun, kusa da albarkatun kayan lambu.
Shahararren ƙanshin tare da kyawawan abubuwan ƙyalli da bayyanar sa babu shakka sun zama abin adon kowane lambun. Kuna da lavender? Raba kwarewarka ta girma a cikin bayanan.
