Bayanin nasa ne ga dangin Gesneriaceae, wanda aka wakilta a cikin ciyawar cikin gida (Gesneriaceae) Bayanin NameususEpiscia) ya fito ne daga Girkanci “episkios” - duhu, inuwa, tana da nau'in tsirrai 30 zuwa 40. A cikin tushen Turanci bayanin, sun ce:Tabar wuta"Wanda ke nufin" violet harshen wuta ","Peacock shuka"(Fawut ɗin fure"), "Chameleon shuka”(Chameleon Shuka) ko kuma '' violet african violet '(' Orange african violet ').
Wurin haifuwa na kwatancin wurare shine gandun daji na Brazil, Mexico, Kolumbia, Guinea, Suriname da Antilles. A dabi'a, suna girma kamar ciyawa mara nauyi, tare da harbe-harbe na gefen dama, a cikin inuwa, wurare masu laushi a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi.
A bayanin ne creeping. © TopjabotBayanin bayanin
Bayanin yana da tsari mai sabanin ganye, ganyayyaki suna elliptical, densely pubescent, ya danganta da nau'in, daga 5 zuwa 20 cm a tsawon kuma 3-10 cm a fadin, da yawa pubescent, yawanci ya bambanta tsakanin launin ruwan kasa-ruwan hoda-pinkish-zaitun-paleti. Prolongaramar riƙe tsofaffin ganye daga tsohuwar shuka ita ce halayyar bayanin, i.e. dogo mai tsayi ba a fallasa ba, amma ana kiyaye shi sosai.
Sanarwa suna girma musamman don kyawawan ganye, amma furen shima yayi kyau sosai a bangon ganyayyaki masu launuka daban-daban. Furen itace “gramophone” kimanin 3 cm tsayi da kusan 1.5 cm a diamita, gwargwadon jinsunan. A petals yawanci ja ne mai haske, pharynx mai launin rawaya ne mai motsled, sashin waje an yi ja da madaidaicin hular shuɗi. Amma akwai nau'ikan kwatancin kwalliya da ruwan hoda, lemo, rawaya, shuɗi, fari da furanni masu launin furanni.
Aikin gona na cikin gida
Saurin haɓaka da fure mai tsawo suna sa jigon ya zama darasi mai mahimmanci ga al'adun cikin gida. Bugu da kari, tsawon lokacin furanni shine halayyar mahimman bayanai - daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka.
Abubuwan da aka bayyana suna yawanci ana matsayin ciyayi ne kamar ciyayi (drooping). Plantsan tsire-tsire matasa waɗanda aka dasa a cikin tukunya na ɗan lokaci su kasance madaidaiciya, amma sai a kwanta, a lokaci guda da yawa tsawon harbe an kafa waɗanda ke rataye a gefen tukunyar. Samfuran manya sun kai tsawon kimanin 40-60 cm (da ƙarancin ƙari) kuma suna da har zuwa 20-30 waɗanda aka shuka, 5-10 waɗanda zasu iya yin fure.
Sanarwar ita ce jan ƙarfe.
Siffofin haɓakar epistasis a gida
Zazzabi: Matsakaici a lokacin girma da fure, a cikin hunturu aƙalla 18 ° C. Bayanin dole ne a kiyaye shi daga zane-zane.
Haske: Sanarwar tana son haske mai rarrabuwar haske, amma tare da rashin walƙiya, launi da ganyayyaki iri-iri sun lalace.
Watse: Ruwa yana da matsakaici yayin girma da fure. A cikin hunturu, watering ne da hankali da rarer.
Takin: Supplementarin abinci mai gina jiki yana farawa a kusan Afrilu zuwa farkon watan Agusta, mako. Yi amfani da takin gargajiya na musamman don tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
Jin zafi: Bayanan kwatanci na bukatar zafi sosai. An sanya tukwane tare da waɗannan tsire-tsire a kan kwanon ruɓa tare da ɗakunan leya kuma, a inari, ana fesa su a kai a kai.
Juyawa: Don ci gaba da girma, yana da kyau a ɗauki tukwane da yawa, ba tsauni ba. Dasawa a shekara a cikin bazara.
Kiwo: Tsaba, ganyen magarya, 'ya' ya 'yan itace.
Siffar mai haske ja ce mai haske.
Episode Kula
Bayanin ya fi son hasken watsawa mai haske, ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Mafi kyawun wurin sanya wuri shine windows tare da gabatarwar yamma ko gabas. Za a iya girma a windows ta arewa. A kan windows tare da gabatarwar kudu, sanya shuka kusa da taga ko ƙirƙirar haske mai yaduwa tare da masana'anta ta translucent ko takarda (gauze, tulle, tracing tracing). A cikin hunturu, mahimman bayanai suna ba da kyakkyawan haske.
A cikin dukkan lokuta, bayanin ya fi son zafin jiki na iska a cikin yanki na 20-25 ° C, yana da kyau kar a rage shi ƙasa da 18 ° C. A cikin kaka-hunturu lokacin, ya kamata a guji drafts.
Abubuwan da aka kwatancen suna da matukar damuwa ga tsarin shayarwa. Rigar wuce gona da iri, har da matsanancin sha, suna cutarwa a gare su. Daga bazara zuwa kaka, ana buƙatar matsakaici na ruwa, kamar yadda saman Layer na kayan maye yake. A cikin hunturu, shayar da aukuwa an iyakatacce, amma ba a kawo tururuwa zuwa bushewa - ana shayar da su a rana ɗaya ko biyu bayan bushewa babba na substrate. Shayar da ruwa mai taushi, ingantaccen kariya a zazzabi a ɗakin.
Tun da yake ba a so ruwa ya faɗi akan ganyen tsiro, yana da kyau a yi amfani da ƙananan shayarwa.
Don kwatancin, ƙarancin zafi yana da kyawawa. Fesa kai tsaye a kan shuka kada ta kasance, kamar yadda ƙyallen ganye ke fitowa a saukake, saboda haka fesa iska kusa da shuka ta hanyar sanya atomizer zuwa matakin ƙarami. Don ƙara zafi, zaku iya sanya tukwane tare da kwatancen kwandon shara tare da yumɓun da aka faɗaɗa ko peat, yayin da kasan tukunyar yakamata ta taɓa ruwa.
Dankin yana da kyau sosai don haɓaka a cikin kananan-greenhouses da terrariums.
A lokacin girma girma, alamomin a cikin bazara da kuma bazara ana haduwa a kowane mako 2 tare da bayani na takaddun takaddun ma'adinai, wanda aka narkar da shi sau 2 dangane da umarnin don amfani. Hakanan ana iya dillan takin gargajiya sau 2 dangane da abinda aka bada shawarar.
Episia tayi girma sosai cikin sauri saboda haka tana buƙatar ƙirƙirar daji. Bayan furanni, ana yin gajerun harbe kuma 'yayan rosettes daga yanke mai tushe ana shuka su a tukunya guda domin daji ya fi girma.
Da sauri girma irin mai girma iri bayaninsu da ikon creep, sauƙi kafe a cikin makwabta makwabta. A saboda wannan dalili, ana bada shawara a dakatar da tsirrai ko a sa su a tukwane domin harbe-harbe ba su da tushe, saboda hakan yana rage ƙimar kayan adonsu.
Kula da tsire-tsire yana bada shawarar kowace shekara a cikin bazara. Don namo mahimman bayanai shine mafi kyawun ɗaukan tukwane, da ƙananan tsayi. Soilasa ya kamata ya ɗan ɗan ɗanɗana acidic ko tsaka tsaki (pH 5.5 - 6.5). Cakuda ƙasa ya ƙunshi sassa 2 na ƙasa mai ganye, ɓangare na peat (ko ƙasa mai rairayi) da kuma yanki 1 na yashi, gansar itacen sphagnum da yanki na gawayi. Hakanan, maɓallin kwatankwacin bayanin zai iya ƙunsar ƙasa da takarda, peat da yashi (3: 1: 1), tare da ƙari na sphagnum da gawayi. Kuna iya amfani da gaurayakin Violet da aka siya, da sauransu. Bayar da magudanan ruwa masu kyau da manyan ramuka a ƙasan tukunyar.
Bayanin yana da launuka masu launi. . R.G. WilsonYaduwa
Bayanai cikin sauki ana yada shi ta hanyar kara itace, ganyayyaki da tsaba. Yaduwa da tsaba zai haifar da asarar halaye masu yawa. Hanya mafi sauki don yaduwa ita ce tushen gefen harbe. Harbe da aka haɓaka tare da nodes 3-4 ba tare da hanyoyin gefansu na gefe suna sanya su cikin ruwa ba, amma kada ku nutsar da su sosai (babu fiye da 3-4 cm). Hakanan zaka iya, ba tare da raba 'yar rosette na bayanin daga mahaifiyar shuka ba, maye gurbin tukunya da tono ƙarar a cikin yankin ninka don santimita da yawa a cikin ƙasa mai laima. Yawancin lokaci babu matsaloli tare da tushen tushen kara - to, za su ɗauki tushe a cikinku a cikin mako guda.
Dole ne a tuna cewa zafin jiki na kasar gona yayin rooting na epistemia ya kamata a kalla +18 ° C, kuma zai fi dacewa a kusa da +25 ° C. Plantsan tsire-tsire matasa suna wucewa sau da yawa yayin da suke girma (tare da adadin sau ɗaya a wata), i.e. dasa shi ba tare da lalata tataccen tatattar cikin tukunyar, 2-3 cm mafi girma a diamita fiye da na baya. Matsakaicin mafi girman tukunya don tsire-tsire na manya shine kusan 20 cm a diamita. Hanya mafi sauki na yaduwar labaran tare da kara itace shine a dasa su kai tsaye a cikin substrate na kasar gona. An rabu kuma an dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai sauƙi a cikin karamin tukunya (diamita 7-9 cm) kuma an sanya su a cikin hotbed ko rufe tukunya da tukunya.
Canza Azzurfan Episplant
Don kwatancin, abin da ake kira “Haske” hadewar qasa. Ya kamata substrate ya wuce ruwa da iska mai kyau, pH game da 5.5. Kuna iya amfani da gaurayawar ƙasa wanda aka tsara don violet (senpolia). Ga ɗayansu: ɗaukar 4 sassa (alal misali 4 kofuna) na 'ganyen' ƙasa, ƙara 1 peat part da 1 yashi. Kuna iya ƙara ɗan ƙaramin itacen sphagnum ko gawayi. A kasan tukunya, saka magudanar yumbu mai yumbu, fitsarar polystyrene mai kaɗa ko huɗun.
Don kwatancin, bisa manufa, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da gaurayawar ƙasa da aka sayar a cikin shagunan don tsire-tsire na cikin gida, duk da haka, dole ne a ɗauka a zuciya cewa kusan dukkanin su an yi su ne a kan tushen peat kuma yana da kyau a ƙara ƙasa da ganyayyaki a bi da bi. 1: 1, dole ne kuma tabbatar da cewa pH na cakuda kusan 5,5. Leauren ganye shine saman ƙasa na ƙasa (5 cm) daga ƙarƙashin tushen birches, lindens. Hakanan ana iya amfani dashi don kwatancin ta ƙara sandar m (daidai 1 yanki na yashi zuwa sassa 4 na duniya cikin girma); ko ƙaramin yumɓu da aka faɗaɗa (a cikin rabo. 1: 6); ko wasu foda na burodi: perlite (1: 5); gurguntacciyar ganshin sphagnum (1: 5); peat (1: 3).
Ana amfani da cakuda mai zuwa a cikin narkar da kwatancen: 2 sassan peat na peat, 2 sassan ƙasa mai ganye da kuma 1 yanki na bushe sphagnum gansakuka. Sphagnum moss yana da fa'idodi da yawa akan sauran burodin yin burodi: yana da ƙarfi sosai, yana da matukar tasirin gaske, yana da pH acidic mai ƙima wanda ke da kyau don kwatancin kwalliya kuma yana da kayan tashin hankali, wanda ya dace sosai lokacin yada waɗannan tsire-tsire ba tare da tsattsauran tushe a ruwa ba.
Sanarwar ita ce jan ƙarfe. FeloideaMatsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa a cikin bayanan tsararru
Bayanai ba zai shafe su da manyan tsoffin kwari da suka zama ruwan dare a al'adun cikin gida. Babban haɗarin su shine lalacewa, lalacewa ta hanyar wuce haddi a cikin ƙasa a cikin haske da ƙarancin zafi a cikin hunturu. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a karkatar da tushe da kayan ganye na kwatancin yayin yaduwa.
Yin rigakafin rot: toshewar ruwa a cikin tukunya (m wadatar ramuka a cikin tukunyar, ana shayar da ruwa bayan bushewar saman kasan kasar a cikin tukunyar); charara baƙin ƙarfe da aka murƙushe (5-10% ta ƙara) ko milled bushe moss na sphagnum (10-20% ta ƙara) zuwa ƙasa lokacin dasawa. Itatuwan da ke da tsarin lalacewa ko lalataccen tsarin cuta suna bayyana a cikin ƙasa mai jika a cikin tukunya. An yanka yankan daga irin wannan tsiron kuma a dasa su ko dai a cikin kwalbar ruwa ko kuma nan da nan a cikin ƙasa. Dole ne a watsar da tsohuwar ƙasa, kuma dafaffen abinci.
Tare da iska mai bushe sosai, ƙarancin ganyayyaki na iya bushewa ƙuruciya na iya yin rauni. Rashin ruwa na yau da kullun na iya haifar da wasu ganye don juya. Tare da hasken rana da yawa, ganye na iya bushewa. A wani wuri mai duhu sosai, tsire-tsire kuma sun rasa launinsu kuma suna zama ƙanƙanta.
Bayyanai na iya shafar aphids, mealybugs, nematodes, da sauran karin kwari. Matakan sarrafawa - amfani da kwayoyi tare da tasirin ƙwayar cuta: actellik, neoron, cymbush, da dai sauransu Ya zama dole don fesa shuka tare da mafita da kuma shayar da ƙasa domin ruwa ya fito daga ramin magudanar ruwa a ƙasa. Ana maimaita aiwatarwa sau 2-3 tare da tazara daga 7-10 kwana. Lokacin da kamuwa da cutar nematode (haifar da haifar da ciwace-ciwacen tumbi a kan tushen), an yanke itace daga tsire, an watsar da ƙasa, kuma an dafa abinci.
Sanarwa da lilac (Episcia lilacina). Res Andres HernandezShahararrun nau'ikan takarda
Carnation (Episcia dianthiflora)
Synonym: Somebia clove (Somebia dianthiflora) - ta ware a cikin wata gatan ma da ke cikin wata mawakiyar. Wurin haifuwar shuka shine Meziko. Itace mai tsire-tsire na wurare masu zafi tare da nau'ikan harbe guda biyu: gajerar da mai ganye tare da dogon bakin ciki, mai duhu tare da shekaru, yana cikin jijiyoyi (mustaches), ɗaukar soket. Ganyen suna kanana, tsayi 3 cm, tsayi 2 cm, tsinkaye don tsallake, a gefen garin, kore mai duhu tare da shunayya midrib, gajerar mara kyau mai kauri. Furanni suna da aure, fararen launuka masu launin shuɗi a cikin makogwaro da ragowar lobes tare da gefen reshe. Akwai da dama sosai na ado iri.
Episcia jan ƙarfe ja (Episcia kofin)
Ya girma a wurare masu duhu, a tsawon 2000 m sama da matakin teku, a cikin tsaunukan da ke da ruwa a cikin Kolombiya, Venezuela, Brazil. Peyan itace iri-iri, na da manyan girma da girma fiye da na baya. Creeping harbe, sauƙi kafe a cikin substrate. A ganye ne elliptical, zagaye-elliptik, kusan zuciya-dimbin yawa zuciya a gindi, 6-13 cm tsawo da kuma 4 cm cm m, m pubescent; launin ruwan kasa-kore zuwa jan karfe a saman, tare da fararen fare tare da tsakiyar jijiya da aibobi, m a ƙasa, tare da kore ratsi a tsakiyar. Kadai furanni, mai launin ja ko ja mai haske; corolla bututu 2-2.5 cm tsayi, cikin rawaya da ja, a waje ja. Yana blooms a lokacin rani, a watan Yuli-Satumba.
Ana amfani dashi da ƙarfi lokacin ƙetare kuma yana da siffofin al'adu da iri iri:
- tare da manya-manyan (11-14 cm) ganye, brownish-zaitun da ke sama, mai haske, shuɗi-mai launin kore tare da jijiyoyin, ruwan hoda a ƙasa;
- tare da ganye azurfa-launin toka-kore, m, tare da launin ruwan kasa mai ruwan-zaitun da aibobi tsakanin jijiyoyin, ruwan hoda a ƙasan gefen;
- tare da manyan ganye, launin ruwan kasa-zaitun, mai laushi mai laushi, tare da faffadar jan ƙarfe mai haske tare da tsakiyar igiyar ciki;
- tare da ganye rigesly pubescent, azurfa-greenish tare da launin ruwan kasa-kore baki da aibobi tsakanin a kaikaice veins;
- tare da ganye santsi, haske kore tare da ratsi na azurfa tare tsakiyar da a kaikaice veins.
Episcia xantha. N RNR TrésorCreeping Episcia (Episcia reptans)
Yana faruwa a wurare masu duhu a cikin wuraren da ke da ruwa na wurare masu zafi a Brazil, Kolumbia, Guiana, Suriname. Perennial herbaceous shuke-shuke. Creeping harbe, tsawo, branched. Ganyen suna daɗaɗaɗaure, 4-8 cm tsayi kuma 2-5 cm faɗin, wadatar zuci a gindi, farfajiyar da yawa, kore kore da launin ruwan kasa a saman, mai launin shuɗi da ke ƙasa, a ɗanɗana a hankali, a hankali ana murɗa gefuna a gefuna; tare da tsakiyar jijiya har zuwa rabin tsawon silsilar gabbai tare da tsattsauran launin kore-kore. Furannin fure sune keɓewa, waɗanda ke cikin ƙwayoyin ganyayyaki, akan shinge ja; bututun corolla 2.5-3.5 cm tsayi; pharynx na corolla 2 cm a diamita, ruwan hoda a ciki, ja a waje. Yana blooms a Yuli-Satumba. An yi amfani dashi da yawa kamar shuka na ampel.
