Smithyant

Shuka asalin Smithyant yana da alaƙar kai tsaye ga dangin Gesneriaceae. Wannan nau'in halittar ya haɗu game da nau'ikan tsire-tsire 8. Akwai kafofin da ake kira wannan tsiron negelia. A yanayi, ana iya samun shi a tsaunukan Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. An fara yin wannan tsiron a cikin 1840. Wannan halittar ta samu sunan ta da girmamawa ga Matilda Smith. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane a cikin lambu na Botanical Turanci mai zaman kansa, Kew.

Irin wannan tsiro yana da ciyawa. Tana da tushe wanda yake tsaye, wanda zai iya kaiwa tsawo na santimita 70. Tushen suna da sihiri, kamar na Achimenes. Yayi tsaye. Ganyayyaki masu launin ruwan kasa-kore masu girma. Suna da siffar oval ko zuciya.

Fure furanni da aka tara a goge sun yi kama da karrarawa. Ba su da ganyen fure-fure. Ana iya fentin furanni na Smitianti a launuka daban-daban, misali: ja, fari, ruwan hoda ko ruwan leɗi mai launin shuɗi. Akwai furanni masu launin rawaya, yayin cikin makogwaron suna da furucin launuka masu bambantawa. Hakanan ana ƙara girma siffofin gida a gida. Waɗannan furanni suna da hutawa lokacin hutawa. Don haka, bayan fure ya ƙare, ɓangaren fure na saman ƙasa ya mutu.

Kulawar Gida

Haske

Yana buƙatar haske amma ya bazu. Don jeri, ana bada shawara don zaɓar windows na yamma ko gabas na gabas. Idan an sanya fure a kan windowsill na taga ta kudu, to, tana buƙatar shading daga hasken rana kai tsaye (tulle yayi daidai da kyau). A kan windows na hangen nesa na arewa, ƙwararren masani na iya ba ciyayi na al'ada.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Daga farkon bazara zuwa tsakiyar lokacin kaka, ana bada shawara don kula da yawan zafin jiki daga digiri 23 zuwa 25. Lokacin da ganyayyaki suka mutu, za a iya rage zafin jiki zuwa digiri 20.

Yadda ake ruwa

Daga Maris zuwa Oktoba, da shuka yana bukatar yawan ruwa, wanda aka za'ayi bayan saman Layer na substrate ta kafe. Koyaya, ka tabbata cewa ruwa bai yi tururi a cikin ƙasa ba, haka kuma kar ka ƙyale ƙasa ta bushe gaba ɗaya. Idan an shayar da yawa sosai, wannan na iya haifar da samuwar tushen rot. An bada shawara don amfani da ban ruwa ƙasa tare da tsaftataccen ruwa. Wannan saboda ruwa a kan ganye yana iya lalata fitowar kyan gani na shuka. Lokacin da mai tushe mutu (a lokacin dormancy), shi wajibi ne don samar da matalauta watering ga shuka, kawai lokaci-lokaci moistening da substrate.

Jin zafi

Wannan inji yana buƙatar zafi mai zurfi, in ba haka ba ganye zai fara ja. Ba shi yiwuwa a sanyaya mai murfin daga mai sprayer, saboda wannan mummunan tasirin bayyanar tasa. Dandanawa masu girke-girke na fure suna ba da shawarar zubar da lãka a cikin kwanon rufi kuma a ɗai ruwa kadan.

Taki

A lokacin girma girma, furen yana buƙatar hadi. Don wannan takin, yana da mahimmanci don narke cikin ruwa a cikin wannan taro cewa lallai ne a ƙasa da al'ada.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Za'a iya yada shuka ta hanyar tsaba, rarrabuwa ko yabanya.

An bada shawarar shuka iri daga tsakiyar hunturu zuwa tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Ki juye abin da ke cikin akwati ku sanya shi. Yada tsaba a farfajiya, yayin da yayyafa su da ƙasa kada ta kasance, saboda suna buƙatar haske mai haske don germination. Don kula da babban zafi, dole ne a rufe kwalin da gilashi ko fim. Bayan makonni 3, seedlings zai bayyana, wanda bayan wata 1 dole ne a watsa shi cikin kwalaye. Bayan watanni 1-1.5, ya kamata a dasa shuki a cikin tukwane daban. Watanni 6 kacal bayan dasawa cikin babban akwati, smytiant zai fara yin fure. Lokacin da furanni ya ƙare, ganyayen da ke saman ƙasa za su mutu. An sanya tukunya a cikin wani wuri mai zafi tare da digiri 15, yayin da ya kamata a kusan dakatar da hana ruwa.

Smitianta za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar tsiro a cikin tsawon tsawon lokacin haɓaka mai aiki. Don abin riƙewa, wajibi ne don yanke harbin apical, tsawon abin da ya kamata ya zama daidai da aƙalla 5 ko 6 santimita. Don tushen tushe, zaka iya amfani da gilashin ruwa, da ƙasa don senpolia, wanda yakamata a dasa ciyawar. Danshi yakamata ya zama babba daga kashi 70 zuwa 80.

Yayin dasa shuki a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Fabrairu, zaku iya raba tushen sa. Dole a saka sassan ɓangaren tushen da aka yanke a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 2 santimita 2, a ajiye su kwance. Kashi uku na tushen ya kamata a dasa shi nan da nan a cikin tukunya mai kafaɗimita mai santimita-10.

Cutar da kwari

Irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta masu rauni kamar fari, ƙuraje ko ticks na iya rayuwa akan shuka.

A lokacin haɓaka mai girma, shuka kamar smythianta ta zama mai kama sosai da mazauninta na danginsa na kusa. Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan tsirrai shine cewa Smithian tana da yanayin da ya bayyana sarai, tunda ɓangaren sararin samaniya ya mutu gaba ɗaya. A cikin hunturu, mai tushe ne fallasa a mazaunin, kuma m sashi mutu mutu a kashe wuya da wuya.

Mafi sau da yawa, smytiant fara rauni saboda gaskiyar cewa an kula da shi ba yadda ya kamata:

1. Abubuwan launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana a farfajiya. Akwai dalilai da yawa don wannan. Don haka, bayyanar irin waɗannan aibobi na iya tayar da ruwa tare da tsaftataccen ruwa mai sanyi. Hakanan yana iya ba da gudummawa ga lalacewar injiniyan ko ruwa wanda ya faɗo a kan ganye.
2. Kayan fure - wannan na iya nuna cewa dakin yana da zafi mai tsananin zafi kuma kusan babu iska. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan yana bayyana kanta a matsayin cutar fungal.
3. Yana ƙonewa a kan ganye - a yanayin idan furen yana ƙarƙashin hasken rana kai tsaye na dogon lokaci ko kuma ya cika da zafi, rawaya launin rawaya na iya bayyana a saman ganyayyaki. Matsar da shuka a cikin inuwa kuma ku samar da iska mai tsabta. Amma idan ƙasa ta kasance cikin tukunya ya bushe, ya kamata a shayar da shi, amma bayan ya gama bushewa gaba ɗaya. A kan windows na gefen kudu, masu ƙwarewar yakamata su samar da iska mai kyau da kuma rarraba fitilu. Hakanan, ganyen na iya jujjuya launin rashi saboda rashi ko wuce haddi na ma'adanai a cikin kasar.
4. Rashin fure - idan an keta dokokin kulawa. Ana lura da wannan tare da rashin hasken mara kyau ko rashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa. Itatuwa bazai yi fure ba saboda yanayin rashin yanayin zafi ko kiyayewar da bata dace ba lokacin lokacin.

Batun bidiyo

Babban nau'ikan

Kodairam binra (Smithiantha x hybrida)

Harbe a mike. Ganyen duhu, takaddun kayan ado mai kamannin zuciya. Paniculate inflorescences ya ƙunshi furanni masu yawa akan shinge. Siffar furanni tana kama da ƙarara karara. Ana iya canza launin shuɗi, ruwan lemo mai zurfi ko rawaya. Wannan nau'in yana da tsawon furanni, don haka ya kasance daga Agusta zuwa Maris. Lokacin da furanni ya ƙare, lokacin wahala yana farawa. Bambanci "Prelude" ya bambanta da cewa yana da launin rawaya, kuma bututun corolla yana da duhu ja a launi. Farin wando na reshe yana da jan jini da jijiyoyi.

Smithyantha zebrina

Wannan nau'in perennial ya yi girma tun daga 40s na ƙarni na 19. Yana da kafaffen tushe mai tushe wanda ya kai tsayin santimita 60. Labaran takaddama mai fadin gaske ya kai santimita 15. Tufafin launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi yana da gefuna gefuna da shuffuna masu ruwan shuɗi. Furanni, da suka kai tsawon santimita 4, ana tattara su cikin busassun sako da aka girka a saman daji. A cikin maƙogwaro na corolla mai cike da ruwan lemo akwai jan tabo. An lura da yawo, a matsayin mai mulki, a lokacin bazara.

Smithiantha cinnabarina (Smithiantha cinnabarina)

Wannan tsire-tsire na herbaceous na iya kaiwa tsawon santimita 30. Dogo (har zuwa santimita 15), takaddun ganye masu fa'ida tare da gefuna da aka cika an rufe su da gashin gashi. Furanni masu kararrawa-zobe sun isa tsawon santimita 4, kuma abin da sukeyi na juyi ne. Furannin furanni suna da tsakiyar launin rawaya. An tattara su a cikin buroshi mai kama da dala, wanda ya kai girman santimita 25. A ƙarshen lokacin kaka, shuka zai iya samun furanni ɗari. Furanni girma duka a saman kuma a cikin ganye sinuses.

Smithiantha multiflora

Wannan tsire-tsire mai matukar tasiri yana rufe tari mai laushi. A yanayi, ana samunsa a Meksiko kuma yana iya kaiwa tsayin santimita 30. Takardun ganye suna da siffar zuciya kuma suna launin kore. Manyan furanni masu laushi masu laushi sun kai santimita 4 a tsayi. Wannan nau'in galibi ana amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar hybrids. Yawanci, da shuka blooms a lokacin rani.