Alayyafo dasa da kula a cikin ƙasa Noma na alayyafo seedlings a gida da ganye a kan windowsill

Lambun Alayyafo (Spinacia oleracea) shine tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara a cikin iyalin Amaranth. Alayyafo babban tushen ƙarfe. Ana buƙatar wannan kashi don kula da matakin al'ada na haemoglobin, wanda ke ba da iskar oxygen ga dukkan ƙwayoyin jikin mutum, wani ɓangare ne na tsarin da ke da alhakin samar da makamashi da metabolism. Alayyafo an bada shawarar musamman ga yara, matasa da mata.

Landasar Ghanin

Alayyahu ya fito ne daga Gabas ta Tsakiya. An yi imanin cewa an fara yin namo a Farisa. A Tsakiyar Asiya, ke girma kamar ciyawa mai ciyawa. An fassara daga harshen Farisanci, sunan shuka yana nufin "kore hannun".

A matsayin shuka na kayan lambu, ana horar da alayyafo ko'ina. A cikin kasashen Yammacin Turai ya shahara sosai a farkon karni na 20. A wancan lokacin, anlayyafo ta kasance mafi ƙarfe a cikin abinci: a kowace 100 g na nauyi, 35 MG na baƙin ƙarfe. Rikicewar ta taso ne saboda mai binciken bai sanya ma'anar lambar a cikin adadin ba - a zahiri, sabon alayyafo ya ƙunshi baƙin ƙarfe sau 10. Sake magana ya bayyana ne kawai a cikin 1981.

Bayanin Botanical

Alayyafo tsire-tsire ne na shekara-shekara. Ganyenta mai siffar dutsen triangular wanda yake taruwa a lokacin farin ciki na basal, tsawonsu shine 30-45 cm. Yana fure a cikin lokacin bazara. Stan ƙananan kannun furanni na launin kore suna tattarawa a cikin panicle inflorescence, furannin pistillate suna cikin axils na ganye, suna yin glomeruli. 'Ya'yan itace - kwayoyi masu siffa-m.

Shirya Yankin shuka;

Zaɓin wurin zama

Shuka alayyafo a cikin yankin da ake noma tare da kwayoyin halitta. Al’adu na neman abinci ne game da takin ƙasa. Yana ba da girbi mai yawa a cikin ƙasa mai yashi da loamy.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ba a sanya sassan musamman don shuka shuka ba. A cikin bazara, an girma a matsayin mai farashi zuwa ƙarshen amfanin gona mai ƙuna zafi. Ana iya shuka shi kamar bakin teku (a cikin hanyoyin lambun da tsakanin sauran kayan lambu) a cikin ƙananan yankuna.

Rtasar takin ƙasa

Don digging a cikin kaka, ya kamata a yi amfani da takin mai magani: a 1 m² 30 g na superphosphate da 15 g na potassium chloride. Idan ƙasa tana da acidic, toshewa wajibi ne. A farkon bazara, da zaran namo kasar gona zai yuwu, ƙara 20 g na urea ta 1 m² a ƙarƙashin rake. Don shuka, humus ko taki mai jujjuya ya kamata a ƙara. Musamman mahimmanci shine ƙaddamar da humus a cikin lokacin farin ciki da farkon shuka. Fresh kwayoyin halitta (slurry, taki, da dai sauransu) kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin amfanin gona ba da shawarar.

Girma a cikin gidajen katako, greenhouses, ana iya samun amfanin gona mai kyau akan ƙasa tare da babban adadin humus. Shirya cakuda lambun, gari sod da humus daidai gwargwado.

Kwanakun shuka alayyafo a ƙasa

Shuka alayyafo a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara yadda za a shuka alayyafo

• Don girma alayyafo a cikin gasa ko greenhouse mai santsi fara shuka daga ƙarshen Fabrairu.
• Alayyafo wata gona ce mai tsaurin sanyi - shukanta na iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi har zuwa -8 ° C.
• Cikin ƙarfi shuka kafin lokacin sanyi(ƙarshen Oktoba). An samu nasarar dasa tsaba a ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara.
• A lokacin bazara fara shuka lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta tafi. Kuna iya isar da albarkatun gona a wani lokaci na kwanaki 20-30 don karbar sabo ganye.
• Don girbin kaka shuka a watan Yuni-Yuli, a yankuna na kudanci - a watan Agusta.

Gyara yankin sosai. Don fitar da tsaba da sauri kuma da kyau, rufe amfanin gona da mayafi (tsohuwar shimhuwar gado, takardar, da sauransu). A cikin yankuna inda yanayin sanyi na hunturu baya sauka a kasa +12 ° C, zaka iya girbi kyauta lokacin hunturu.

Girma alayyafo daga tsaba a cikin greenhouse

Yadda ake shuka tsaba alayyafo

Don samun seedlingsan farkon wuri da abokantaka, dole ne a sarrafa tsaba kafin shuka. Jiƙa da su na yini ɗaya a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi, sannan a bushe zuwa yanayin gudana, ci gaba da shuka.

• Lokacin yin shuka a cikin greenhouse, kuna buƙatar 20-30 g na tsaba a 1 m².
• Tsakanin layuka, kiyaye nesa daga 20-30 cm.
• Kusa da zurfin 1-2 cm .. Don tsiro, kula da yawan zafin jiki a cikin 10-12 ° C a cikin yanayin hadari, 18 ° C - a ranakun rana.
• Lokacin da harbe ya bayyana, ana yin weing da thinning sau da yawa, yana barin sakamakon haka tsakanin tsirrai 15-20 cm.

Ya kamata a sami iska mai ruwan sanyi a cikin kwanakin dumi, guje wa karuwa a yawan zafin jiki sama da 24 ° C, don kada ganye mai laushi ya karɓi ƙonewar zafi. Lokacin da zafin jiki na iska yayin rana zai wuce 12 ° C, za'a iya cire fim ɗin gaba ɗaya saboda rana.

Dasa shuka alayyafo

Noma alayyafo a cikin bude ƙasa hoto

• A cikin buɗewar ƙasa, shuka alayyafo a kan tudu, lura da jerawa na 30-40 cm tsakanin layuka.
• Shuka 4-5 g na tsaba da 1 m².
• Zurfin zurfin zuriyar shine 1-2 cm Bayan an shuka, rufe filayen tare da rake.
• Lokacin da alayyafo sprouts, tabbatar da bakin ciki na seedlings har zuwa 5-6 cm tsakanin shuke-shuke.
• Yayin da kake girma, bugu da thinari yana fitar da alayyafo ta amfani da ƙarin tsire-tsire don abinci.

Yadda za a kula da alayyafo a filin buɗe ido

Thinning

Tare da isowar ganye na gaskiya na biyu, yakamata a fitar da seedlings. Bayan thinning da yawa a jere, barin bushes a nesa na aƙalla cm cm 59 Lokacin da dasa shuki yake da kazanta, talauci mara kyau, wanda ke tsokanar da nasarar mildew mai ƙarfi. Ruwa alayyafo kyauta bayan karin haske.

Watse

Bayar da shayarwa ta yau da kullun. Ya isa sau 2-3 a mako don yin lita 3 na ruwa ga kowane mita mai gudu. A cikin bushe, yanayin zafi, ruwa mai yalwa don hana farawa.

Manyan miya

Idan alayyafo ba ta girma da kyau, ƙara taki takin nitrogen (10-15 g da urea a 1 m²) tare da ruwa. Ba'a bada shawara don amfani da takin gargajiya na potash da phosphorus: Ana saurin aiwatar da harbi.

Girma alayyafo daga tsaba a gida don shuka

Alayyafo ana girma a gida domin samun farkon seedlings ko ganye mai narkewa duk shekara. Yi la'akari da hanyoyin guda biyu.

Girma alayyafo daga tsaba na shuka

Yaushe shuka shuka alayyafo?

Alayyafo gari ne mai yayyan gaske, ganye a shirye yake don girbi mako 3-4 bayan tsiro. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar lissafta lokaci daidai zuwa lokacin fitowar, don kada kuyi kuskure. Kwanan da aka shuka alayyafo kuma sun dogara ne akan nau'ikan da aka zaɓa, kamar yadda kwanakin kera wa kowane iri dabam dabam.

A matsakaici, muna barin makonni 1-1.5 don fito da ƙwayoyin cuta da makonni 2 don haɓaka seedling. Gabaɗaya, shuka iri yana farawa game da makonni 3-4 kafin dasawa zuwa dindindin wurin namo.

Yadda ake shuka

Alayyafo girma daga tsaba domin seedlings a gida photo harbe

Spinach tsaba suna da girma sosai, don haka abu ne mai sauƙi a gare ka dasa su ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya a ƙwayoyin katako. Kasar za a iya ɗauka ta duniya don shuka.

• Zurfin 1 cm.
• Bayan dasa, ƙasa tana daɗaɗɗa daga atomizer, an rufe shi da fim.
• Germinate tsaba a dakin da zazzabi.
• Nawa ne alayyafo? Itatuwan farkon zai fito a rana ta 8-10. Bayan wannan, dole ne a cire fim ɗin, kuma zazzage abubuwan da ke ciki ya ɗan rage kadan don kada thean itacen su shimfiɗa. Da kyau, idan kun kula da kimanin 18 ° C.
• Seedlings bukatar dogon hasken rana tare da mai kyau diffused lighting.
• Lokacin da tsire-tsire sun zama ƙasa a cikin sel na kaset ɗin, kuna buƙatar dasa bishiyoyin a cikin tukwane na peat.

Kafin dasa shuki, ana shuka seedlings tsawon kwanaki 7-10. Spinach an shuka shi a nesa na 10-15 cm a jere, tsakanin layuka 30-40 cm.

Girma alayyafo a kan taga sill daga tsaba

Alayyafo namo da kulawa a gida akan hoton windowsill

Don dasa alayyafo a kan windowsill tare da tsaba don girma a kan ganye, zaka iya amfani da kowane kwantena wanda ya dace da kai, babban abu shine tsayinsu ya zama aƙalla 15 cm: waɗannan na iya zama tukwane ko shuki, kullun tare da ramuka na magudanar ƙasa. Yi amfani da ƙasa mai narkewa, ƙasa mai gina jiki, cakuda ƙasa ƙasa don seedlings ya dace sosai.

• Shuka tsaba a mafi yawan lokuta, a nesa na 5-6 cm daga juna. Nan gaba za ku suturta su zuwa nesa na 8-10 cm.
• Zurfin 1 cm.
• Bayan dasawa, mun shirya daga atomizer, rufe tare da fim har sai harbe ya bayyana, bayan wannan mun cire tsari.
• Carearin kulawa yana da matuƙar sauƙin gaske: yin ruwa kamar yadda ƙasa ke bushewa da watsa hasken wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin awa 10. Idan sa'o'in hasken rana a takaice, kuna buƙatar haskakawa tare da phytolamps.

Kirkin Tsintsiya

Bayan shuka bazara, zaku iya fara girbin alayyafo bayan kwanaki 30-40 na girma, bayan rani - bayan kwanaki 40-50. Yana da mahimmanci kada a rasa lokacin: idan alayyafo suka fashe, ganyen zai zama m da m. Girbi zai iya farawa da bayyanar ganye 5-6. Yanke kwasfan ɗin a ƙarƙashin takardar farko ko ja tare da tushe. Girbi ya fi kyau da safe, amma ba nan da nan bayan ruwan sama ko ruwa - ganyayyaki suna da rauni sosai, da sauƙi an karya.

Yayin da suke girma, sababbin ganye suka bayyana wanda za'a iya girbe su har sai da harbi mai yawa.

Daga 1 m² zaka iya tattara nauyin 1.5-2 na amfanin gona.

Zai yuwu yin jigilar abinci, adana alayyafo na musamman a cikin bushe bushe. A cikin jaka na filastik a saman shiryayyen firiji, alayyafo ya kasance sabo ne na tsawon kwanaki 2. Ana iya daskarewa - amfanin kaddarorin yayin daskarewa ba su yin asara.

Cututturar Cutar Inji da kwari

Ba a so in fesa kayan lambu masu ganye da magungunan kashe qwari, saboda haka ya fi kyau a ɗauki matakan kariya. Bi fasaha na aikin gona, girbi na kan lokaci.

Lokacin dasa shuki ne lokacin farin ciki, mildew powdery da tabo daban-daban na iya yiwuwa.

Otsan ganye da matasa tsire-tsire na iya shafar tushen tushe: rots wuya, shuka ya bushe kuma ya mutu. Lalle ne haƙĩƙa, zuwa ga bakin ciki fitar da seedlings, sassauta kasar gona.

Succulent alayyafo ganye jawo hankalin aphids, slugs, katantanwa, larvae na ma'adinai gwoza asu yarda shirya kan su. Kada ku shuka alayyafo kusa da beets. Tattara gastropods da hannu.

Fa'idodi game da Alayyafo

Alayyafo na da wadatar arziki ba wai kawai a cikin ƙarfe ba ne, har ma da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, bitamin. Ganyayyaki suna ɗauke da fats, sunadarai, sugars, fiber, acid Organic, flavanoids, magnesium, potassium, bitamin C, B, E, K, A, PP.

Babban abun ciki na folic acid ya sa alayyafo suna da amfani sosai ga mata masu juna biyu, ga yara ƙanana an ba shi ta hanyar puree don rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta. Yin amfani da alayyafo a abinci yana taimaka wajan magance cututtukan gastrointestinal, haɓakar hanji, yana da tasirin laxative mai sauƙi, yana hana ƙarancin ƙwayar ido, kuma yana da amfani ga ciwon sukari, anemia, da anemia.

Farfesa na Switzerland Gustav von Bunge ya binciki bushewar alayyafo a 1890. Lissafin sa sunyi daidai (35 MG na baƙin ƙarfe a cikin 100 g na samfurin bushe), amma wataƙila an fahimci wannan bayanin ba daidai ba, wanda kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rikicewa da ambigu a cikin kimar amfanin alayyafo.