Boxwood

Dankin da aka dasa itace (Buxus) ana wakilta ta bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi, ana ganin jinkirin haɓaka, waɗanda ke da alaƙar kai tsaye ga dangin boxwood. A cikin daji, zaku iya haduwa da kusan nau'ikan 100 na irin wannan tsire-tsire. Ana samun akwatin katako a cikin Bahar Rum, gabashin Asiya, da kuma a cikin West Indies. A tsohuwar Girka, ana kiran wannan shuka "buxus", kuma an karɓi wannan kalmar daga yaren da ba kowa ya sani ba. A cikin daji, akwai manyan yankuna uku na boxwood, sune: Amurka ta Tsakiya, Afirka, Yuro-Asiya. An dade ana horar da Boxwood kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin tsire-tsire na kayan ado. Suna girma dashi duka a gonar da a gida. A cikin yankuna masu dumin yanayi mai dumin yanayi, yana da girma kamar kan iyakoki da shinge, kuma suna yin ado da lambuna ko ciyawa tare da shi, yayin da suke yin ingantaccen dasa bushes. Irin wannan shuka da aka girma a cikin wani mahalli babban zaɓi ne ga bonsai. Gaskiyar ita ce tana jin kyau kwarai a cikin tukunyar ƙaramin itace, madaidaitan shukoki, yana da ƙananan faranti, kuma yana amsawa da kyau ga pruning.

Boxwood fasali

Ganyen wannan tsiron suna da tabbas, inda ake fata, baki-gaba, suna da kusan kusan zagaye ko silali. M, furanni, furanni-jima'i ɗayan ƙananan inflorescences. 'Ya'yan itacen itace akwati ne mai gida uku, wanda, bayan ya huda, ya fashe, sai ya watsu cikin iri daban-daban. Irin wannan tsire-tsire irin shuka ne na zuma, amma kuna buƙatar ku mai da hankali sosai, saboda ba za a iya amfani da zuma boxwood a matsayin abinci ba, saboda kowane ɓangaren sandwood ya ƙunshi guba. Masu zanen shimfidar wuri suna jin daɗin wannan shuka don kambiranta mai ban sha'awa, faranti na ganye, kuma saboda tana da haƙuri sosai ta hanyar yin shuki. Kuma lambu ya yaba da undemanding kula da wannan shuka, kazalika da ƙyamar.

Boxwood dasa a bude ƙasa

Wani lokaci don shuka

Gardenerswararrun lambu da ke da irin wannan doka, don shuka tsire-tsire masu rangwamen faduwa a cikin bazara, da kuma mataimakin. Bayan haka, ana bada shawarar dasa bishiyun a cikin kaka kuma ana buƙatar yin shi daga ƙarshen rabin Satumba har zuwa farkon Oktoba, tunda zai ɗauki kimanin makonni 4 zuwa tushe, bayan haka zai iya yin hunturu da kyau. Koyaya, akwai kuma yan lambu waɗanda suka yi nasarar dasa itace a cikin lambun a damuna da bazara. Don dasa itacen katako, ana bada shawara don zaɓar wurin da aka raba-wuri ko inuwa, yayin da ƙasa mai dacewa ya kamata yumɓu, danshi, wucewar ruwa sosai, lemun tsami kuma yakamata ya kasance wani ɓangare na shi. Daga haskoki kai tsaye na rana, ganyen litattafan wannan shuka suna rauni da sauri.

Yadda ake shuka

A cikin taron cewa seedling yana cikin akwati, to lallai ne a shayar da shi kusan awa 24 kafin a dasa shuki a ƙasa. Godiya ga wannan, zaka iya cire tushen tsarin da dunƙule na ƙasa daga tanki. Amma ya fi kyau a hankali cire cire ɗan itacen, cire ƙasa daga tushen sa da sanya su cikin ruwa na kwana 1, kuma dole ne a yi wannan kafin a dasa.

Zurfin da zurfin rami na wannan shuka ya zama kusan sau 3 fiye da girman tushen tsarin tare da dunƙulewar ƙasa. Ya kamata a sanya murfin rufin perlite don magudanar a ƙasan ramin da aka shirya, wanda bai kamata ya yi kauri sosai ba (santimita 2-3). Soilasar da aka cire daga ramin ya kamata a haɗe shi da perlite a cikin rabo na 1: 1. A shuka, kuna buƙatar daidaita tushen sannan kuma sanya shi cikin rami. Bayan haka, sai su fara cika shi a hankali da wani ƙasa (ƙasa gauraye da perlite), yayin da bai kamata a kyale cewa voids ya wanzu ba. Lokacin da aka cika rami, ƙasa tana buƙatar ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, bayan haka dole ne a shayar da katako. Seedwanƙwasa, wanda tsayinsa ya kasance daga 15 zuwa 20 santimita, zai buƙaci kimanin lita 3 na ruwa, yayin da ake bada shawara don amfani da ruwan sama mai kariya. Bayan an shayar da shuka, yakamata ƙasa ta zauna, lokacin da wannan ya faru, ya kamata a zuba ƙarin ƙasa a cikin rami, amma wannan lokacin ba ya buƙatar ɗaukar ruwa. Tabbatar cewa akwati na seedling is is a cikin rami bayan dasa shuki tsaye. Wajibi ne don yin ƙamshin earthen a cikin da'ira, yana juyawa daga tushe daga santimita 20-30, saboda lokacin ban ruwa ba ya yada ruwa. Ya kamata a yayyafa wa da'irar gangar jikin tare da faɗin santimita biyu ko biyu na perlite.

Siffofin aikin lambu

Yadda ake girma boxwood

Abu ne mai sauqi ka shuka katako, musamman idan ka saba da ka'idodi na yadda ake shuka su. Idan bayan an shuka shuka, ruwan sama ba ya shude cikin mako guda, to lallai yana buƙatar shayar da shi. Lokacin yin ruwa, ya kamata a haifa da hankali cewa lita 10 na ruwa ya kamata ya tafi daji mai tsayin mita. Dole ne a zubar da ruwa a hankali a ƙarƙashin tushe zuwa farfajiya, dole ne a la'akari da cewa idan akwai lokacin bushewa a kan titi ko bushe kuma iskar zafi mai ƙarfi ta busa, to, ba kwa buƙatar ƙara yawan adadin ruwa, amma kuna buƙatar zuba ƙarin ruwa. Lokacin da aka yi ruwa, yana da mahimmanci don sassauta ƙasa ƙasa kuma lokaci guda sako. A cikin kwanakin farko na Mayu bayan kasar ta warmed da kyau, kuna buƙatar yayyafa farjinta tare da wani yanki na ciyawa (peat), kauri wanda ya bambanta daga 5 zuwa 8 santimita. Ya kamata a lura cewa peat kada ya taɓa harbe harbe ko gangar jikin shuka.

Dole ne a ciyar da itacen katako ta hanyar tsare. Yakamata a fara saka miya kawai bayan sati 4, bayan an dasa seedling. Amma wannan kawai idan an aiwatar da dasa a cikin bazara, tunda ana iya amfani da takin mai magani zuwa ƙasa kawai bayan an dasa tushen gaba ɗaya. A lokacin girma, shuka yana buƙatar takin gargajiya ko hadaddun ma'adinai, kuma a cikin kaka, yayin tono, ana ƙara takin potash ko phosphorus a cikin ƙasa, saboda boxwood baya buƙatar nitrogen a wannan lokacin.

Juyawa

Irin wannan shuka ana bada shawara a sake dasa shi a cikin bazara. Gaskiyar ita ce, a lokacin bazara da damina zata sami lokaci don ɗauka sosai kuma zata jure hunturu lafiya. Ya kamata a fitar da daskararrun samfuran manya tare da dunƙule na ƙuraje. Dokokin canza wuri iri ɗaya ne ga waɗanda aka yi amfani da su lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Idan kun bi waɗannan ƙa'idodin, shuka zai yi sauri da sauƙi a cikin sabon wuri.

Mai jan tsami

Ya kamata a aiwatar da girki a cikin watan Afrilu ko kuma a cikin kwanakin farko na Mayu. Sau da yawa, katako na itace ana yin su kamar mazugi, ƙwallan ƙwallo ko ƙwallo yayin aski. Hakanan za'a iya noma Boxwood a matsayin daidaitaccen itace. Don yin wannan, yanke duk mai tushe a ƙarƙashin tushen sosai, sai dai mafi ƙarfi. Wadancan matasa masu tushe waɗanda ke girma a saman tushe mai tushe, yanke, ba su, a matsayin mai mulkin, siffar ƙwallo. Ya kamata a tuna cewa da zarar kun kafa daji, kawai za ku buƙaci gyara siffarta daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, kuma duk saboda boxwood yana nufin tsire-tsire masu saurin girma. A lokaci guda, a matsayin mai mulkin, kawai matasa masu tasowa mai tushe suna buƙatar yanke, kuma tsoffin na iya buƙatar daidaita su kawai idan siffar daji ya ɓace. Pruning ba ya cutar da daji, kuma da zarar ka sare shi, to ya zama ya fi kazanta. Masana sun ba da shawara a kan gwada itacen katako a kai a kai 1 a kowane wata. Amma ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa mafi akai-akai da pruning zai zama, mafi sau kana bukatar ka ruwa da takin. Gaskiyar ita ce daji yana buƙatar dawo da ƙarfinsa, sake cike waɗannan abubuwan abincin da aka rasa tare da faranti na ganye.

Cutar da kwari

Babban kwaro mai hatsarin gaske ga wannan shuka shine katon gall Midge. A farkon kwanakin rani, tana sanya ƙwayayen a cikin waɗancan ƙananan faranti na ganye waɗanda ke kan kan mai tushe. Ana cin naman lardin da ya bayyana a cikin ganyen ganye kuma ya kasance a can don lokacin hunturu. Kuma tuni a cikin watan Mayu, mutane manya suka fito daga sakamakon pupae. Amma idan akwai yawancin waɗannan kwari a kan shuka, to, sai ya fara bushewa ya mutu. Kuna iya kawar da wannan kwari mai cutarwa tare da taimakon Karbofos, Tagore, Aktar, Fufanon. Bayan makonni 1.5 bayan magani, bincika katako, idan babu wasu ci gaba na musamman, to aiwatar dashi a karo na biyu. Wadannan magungunan kashe kwari zasu taimaka wajen samun nutsuwa. Kuna iya gano game da kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar toshe kan fararen ganye, kuma harbe suka fara bushewa. Hakanan, waɗannan magunguna zasu taimaka kawar da gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, wanda zai iya bayyana yayin fari fari.

Wannan tsire-tsire na iya kamuwa da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin necrosis, yayin da aibobi suka bayyana a faranti na ganye, kuma fiɗa daga rassan sun fara mutuwa. Don kuma kawar da irin wannan cuta, za a buƙaci wakilai na fungicidal, kuma a matsayin mai mulkin, ana gudanar da jiyya da yawa ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Mafi haɗari ga wannan shuka shine ciwon daji. Kayan daji da ke kamuwa da cuta yana buƙatar yanke sassan da abin ya shafa, yayin da ya zama dole a kama itace mai lafiya. Bayan wannan, ya kamata a kula da sassan tare da Fundazole.

A Yankin Moscow da Yankin Moscow

Ya kamata a dasa Boxwood a Moscow da Yankin Moscow, kamar yadda kuma ya kamata a kula dashi daidai da yadda a wasu yankuna suke da yanayin dumin yanayi. Amma a lokaci guda, yana da daraja la'akari da cewa idan lokacin hunturu yana da sanyi sosai, to ya kamata a shirya shuka don hunturu.

Sake bugun Boxwood

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana shuka irin wannan tsiron ne ta hanyar ciyawar, amma a wasu lokuta kuma an shuka itacen katako daga tsaba. Koyaya, yayin yaduwar iri, yakamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa tsaba bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci sun rasa ikon haɓaka. Koyaya, idan kuna da sha'awar shuka irin wannan shukar daga zuriya, to ya kamata kuyi nazarin umarnin a ƙasa.

Tsarin iri

Dole ne a narkar da tsaba wanda aka girbe mai ɗorewa a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi tsawon sa'o'i 24, a cikin wajanda ya zama dole a rushe haɓakar mai girma (Zircon ko Epin). Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar daskarar tawul guda 2 saboda ba su da rigar, kuma sanya tsaba tsakanin su, don wannan zaka iya amfani da adiko na goge baki. Sa'an nan kuma kuna buƙatar jira har sai tsaba ta ƙyanƙyashe, kuma fararen tsiro suka fito, a matsayin mai mulkin, wannan yana faruwa bayan makonni 4. Duk tsawon lokacin jira, kuna buƙatar bincika yanayin tsaba a kai a kai kuma ku bar tawul ɗin rigar. A cikin abin da ya faru bayan kwanaki 14-20 har yanzu babu wani tsiro, to, don kwanaki da yawa dole ne a sanya nama tare da tsaba a cikin firiji a kan shiryayye don adanar kayan lambu. Don haka suna buƙatar cire su kuma sake sanya su a cikin wurin dumi.

Lokacin da tsaba ƙyanƙyashe, zaku iya fara shuka. Dole ne tank din ya cika da peat hade da yashi (1: 1). Sprouts dole ne a aika zuwa cikin substrate. Bayan an yi shuka iri, akwatunan da ke saman dole ne a rufe shi da fim ko gilashi. Ana tsabtace ganga a cikin wani wuri mai cike da inuwa, mai ɗumi sannan kuma harbe suna jira. Ya kamata ku ga farkon seedlings bayan kwanaki 14-20. Bayan kun ga harbe-harbe na farko, ya kamata a cire mafaka, kuma ba za a cire kwandon da kanta daga inuwa ta bangare ba. Seedlings ya kamata a kai a kai shayar, kuma ciyar da takin mai magani mai rauni taro. Bayan shuka ya girma kuma ya sami ƙarfi, ana iya dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai buɗe, amma yana da daraja a jira har sai barazanar sanyi ta wuce.

Boxwood yaduwa ta hanyar yanke

Sake bugun katako ta sare shi a cikin bazara ita ce hanyar da ta fi fice a tsakanin lambu. Don yanke, ana amfani da matashi mai ƙarfi, wanda basu da lokacin yin lign kowane ɗaya, kuma tsayin su ya zama daga 10 zuwa 15 santimita. An yanka yanki da kyau kuma daga kasan 1/3 na yankuna duk faranti na takarda ana buƙatar yanke shi. Sa'an nan da cuttings for 24 hours ya kamata a nutsad da a cikin wani bayani da wani stimulant tushen ci gaban. Bayan wannan, ana buƙatar a wanke ganyen. Sannan ana dasa su a cikin ƙasa bude. Mafi kyau duka abun da ke ciki na cakuda na akwatinwood: ƙasa sheet, rotted humus ko takin, yashi (1: 1: 1). Kuna iya amfani da cakuda ƙasa da abun da ke ciki na dasa, amma dole ne a cika shi da abubuwan gina jiki da haske. Dole ne a zurfafa cutukan cikin cakuda ƙasa a kan faranti masu ganye. Bayan haka, kowane sandar an rufe shi da kwalban filastik tare da ƙara na 5 lita, wanda dole ne a cire farkon tushe. Watse abin riƙewa kamar haka: an cire hula daga wuyan kwalban kuma ana yayyafa shuka da ruwa daga kwalbar fesa. Don kwantar da akwatin a kowace rana ya zama iri ɗaya, cire murfi. Bayan makonni 4, shuka ya fara kafa tushe. Kuma bayan makonni 8, ya riga ya sami cikakkiyar tsarin tushen, kuma a wannan lokacin zai iya yiwuwa a cire tsari (kwalban). A farkon lokacin hunturu, dole ne a rufe ganyen tare da rassan spruce, in ba haka ba za su daskare.

Idan ka yanke shawarar yaduwar wannan tsiro ta hanyar yankan itace, ya kamata a tuna cewa a wannan yanayin ana shuka tsiron a cikin tukwane. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa ba za su sami lokacin yin tushe ba, kuma koda an rufe shi don hunturu, zai mutu ko ta yaya. Adana cuttings a cikin ɗakin inda zafin jiki ya kai kimanin digiri 10. A cikin bazara, ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa bude.

Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa

Wannan hanyar haihuwa shima ingantacciya ce kuma anyi gwajin lokaci. A cikin bazara, da yawa mai tushe na daji ya kamata a lankwasa zuwa farfajiya na kasar gona kuma binne. A lokacin bazara suna buƙatar shayar da su da kuma hadi. Lokacin da suka kafa tushen kuma keɓaɓɓen farawa za su fara girma, ana iya rabuwa da su daga iyayen da aka dasa a cikin sabon wuri.

Boxwood a cikin hunturu

Kulawar kaka

Lokaci mafi wahala ga akwatinwood shine lokacin hunturu. Gaskiyar ita ce, wannan shuka ba ta bambanta cikin juriya mai sanyi. Kuma tsarin barcin ba zai iya samar da mai tushe da faranti na bishiyar da ta farka izuwa rayuwa da zaran hasken rana ya fadi akansu ba. Daga rashin ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki, sun fara bushewa. A wannan batun, don dasa irin wannan shuka, ya kamata ka zaɓi wurin Inuwa, kuma yana da mahimmanci a shirya ɗan itacen don hunturu.

Kafin frosts zo (a watan Nuwamba), shi wajibi ne don yin ban ruwa hunturu-Loading ruwa, godiya ga wannan boxwood za a iya cike da danshi, wanda ya ishe shi a ko'ina cikin hunturu. Sa'an nan a kusa da akwati da'irar ke yayyafa tare da wani yanki na ciyawa (peat ko rotted needles). Kada a yi amfani da ciyawar da ta bushe kamar ciyawa. Gaskiyar ita ce idan lokacin hunturu rigar, to ganye zai iya fara penawata, kuma sakamakon wannan, cutar fungal zata haɗu a cikin shuki.

Ana shirin hunturu

Bayan titin ya sami sanyi a ramin digiri 10, lallai ne ya zama tilas katako yake. Kafin ci gaba da tsari na kai tsaye na shuka, dole ne a shirya ingantattun siffofin ta hanyar ɗaura su zuwa tallafi. Wannan zai kiyaye keɓaɓɓun gangar jikin daga tsananin dusar ƙanƙara. Bayan haka ya zama dole don cikar boom din tare da kayan da ba a saka ba. Kuma idan kuna so, zaku iya amfani da reshen spruce, kuna jingina shi da daidaitaccen tsari. Idan tushe yana da girma, to za a iya yin fari kawai, kuma dole a ɗaura kambi tare da zane. Idan boxwood ya girma kamar iyaka ko shinge, to shima ya wajaba don rufe shi gaba ɗaya don lokacin hunturu. Don wannan, ana amfani da burlap ko kayan da ba a saka ba, wanda aka ninka a cikin bangarori 2-3. Don gyara gefuna da kayan, ana yayyafa su da ƙasa.Kafin ku rufe bushes, dole ne a ɗaure su, saboda babban adadin rigar nauyi dusar ƙanƙara na iya lalata rassan. Yankunan da aka kafe, har da kananan bushes, dole ne a ɗaura tare da rassan rassan, yayin da da'irar ganga dole ne a yayyafa shi da wani yanki na ciyawa (allura na bishiyoyin bishiyoyi ko peat). Wajibi ne a cire kayan murfin kai tsaye bayan farkon lokacin bazara, tunda kasancewa cikin ɗumi, daji ya fara yin kuka. Wajibi ne don cire tsari a ranar girgije kuma a lokaci guda, 1 Layer na lutrasil, burlap ko spunbond, da karamin adadin lapnik, ya kamata a barsu a daji. Wannan ya zama dole domin inuwa ta dasa shukar. Boxwood ya kamata a saba a hankali zuwa ga hasken rana bazara mai haskoki.

Babban nau'ikan da iri

Ba wani adadi mai yawa na wannan nau'in shuka ba ana horar da su, amma akwai kyawawan nau'ikan lambun da aka dasa na katako.

Akwatin sandwood (Buxus sempervirens)

Ana samo shi a cikin daji a cikin Caucasus da Rum. Mafi yawanci yana girma ne a cikin gwanayen hade da dazuzzuka masu rarrafe, yayin da za'a iya same shi a wurare masu cike da inuwa. Irin wannan bishiyar tana iya kaiwa tsawon mita 15, akwai kuma nau'ikan dabbobin da ke yankuna. Green, madaidaiciya, mai tetrahedral mai tushe suna da ganye mai yawa. Abunda aka shirya farantin ganye ne mai yalwa, bare kuma basu da filato. Fuskokinsu na fentin duhu ne mai launin shuɗi, ciki kuma mara nauyi ne mai launin shuɗi, ko da bakin ciki mai kauri. Takaddun ganye na elliptical a tsawon zai iya kaiwa santimita 1.5-3. Sameanan ƙaramin haske-furenn fure-fure wani ɓangare ne na ƙaramar inflorescences. 'Ya'yan itace karamin akwati ne na sihiri, wanda ke da sashes. Suna budewa ne kawai bayan 'ya'yan sun girma. Duk wani sashin wannan shuka yana dauke da guba. Popular iri:

Suffruticosis - irin wannan bishiyar har abada itace akeyi da jinkirin girma. Harbe na tsaye ya kai tsayin santimita ɗari. Fuskokin dake cikin ovate ko fararen faranti sun kai tsawon milimita 20. Furanni masu ƙanƙane. Yi amfani da kan iyakoki da shinge.
Blauer Heinz - Wannan karancin tsiro shima yana tsiro a hankali. The mai tushe suna da mafi girman rigakafin idan aka kwatanta da na baya iri, akwai faranti na launin kore-shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Wannan nau'in ya bayyana a kwanan nan kuma ana amfani dashi don kayan ado na katako, tsayin daka wanda bai wuce mita 0.2 ba. Ya bambanta daga matakin da ya gabata ta hanyar juriya mafi sanyi da compactness.
Elegans - irin wannan ciyayi mai yawa yana da kambi mai sihiri. Matsakaicin mai tushe tare da ganye mai tsayi a tsayi zai iya kaiwa santimita ɗari. Variegated fararen fararen faranti suna da iyakar iyaka. Tsayayya da fari.

Akwatin karamar karamar Botwood (Buxus microphylla)

Yana da juriya mafi sanyi idan aka kwatanta da kallon da ya gabata. Irin wannan dangi na Jafananci ko Koriya na katako na katako zai iya jure sanyi zuwa ƙarancin digiri 30 ba tare da tsari ba. Koyaya, a cikin bazara yana buƙatar tsari daga rana. Popular iri:

Jam - Bambanta a cikin tsananin sanyi da juriya. Yana da kambi mai yawa. Amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar ƙananan siffofin Topiary. Trimming ba ya cutar da shi. Yana da tsayi kusan santimita 150.
Faulkner - daji yayi karami kuma yayi girma a hankali. Yana da tsinkaye har zuwa santimita 150. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, an yanke bushes na ba shi siffar mai sihiri, wanda saboda girman rawanin sa.

Akwatin Boxwood ko Caucasian (Buxus colchica)

Wani relic na lokacin karatun, tare da jinkirin girma. Daga cikin dukkanin jinsunan Turai, shine mafi tsananin sanyi kuma yana da ƙananan ganye. Wannan nau'in na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 600, yayin da tsayinsa ya kai mita 15-20. A gindi, gangar jikin yana da ma'aunin santimita talatin.

Akwatin Balearic (Buxus balearica)

An dauki mafi yawan jinsunan yammacin waɗannan tsirrai. Kasar haihuwarta ita ce Kudancin Spain, tsibirin Balearic, Portugal da Dutsen Atlas da ke arewacin Morocco. A cikin Yuro-Asiya na yankin, wannan nau'i yana da faranti na ganye mafi girma. Don haka, fadin ganyen sa kusan santimita 3 ne, kuma tsawonsa ―4 santimita. Saurin girma da matukar tasiri. Mai zafi-mai ƙauna, kuma baya jure yanayin hunturu.

Sauran nau'ikan da suka dace da namowa a tsakiyar kewayen sun wanzu, amma suna da ƙanƙanci cikin shahararrun mutane.