William Swainson, wanda yake mai tattara kayan shuka ne kuma matafiyin, yana cikin gandun daji na Brazil a 1817. A can ne ya sami furanni masu kyaun gaske kuma ya yanke shawarar tura su ga masanin binciken dusar ƙanƙara mai zafi William Cattley na Ingila.
Shekara guda bayan haka a cikin greenhouse Cattleya ɗayan waɗannan tsirrai masu ban mamaki. Masanin ilimin John John Lindley yana wancan lokacin yana aiki a cikin wannan lambun, kuma yana ƙirƙirar kundin adireshin da aka haɗa wanda ya haɗa da dukkanin fitattun tsire-tsire. An buga wannan kundin a karkashin sunan "Botanical Anthology". Kuma a ciki zaku iya samun bayanin sabon tsararrun orchids, wanda ya karɓi suna Cattleya (Cattleya).
Hakanan, sunan sanannen mai bincike Cattleya ana kiran shi da yawa halittu waɗanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar ƙetara Cattleya tare da wasu nau'in orchids. Wadannan 'ya'yan itace suna girma a cikin gidaje, saboda an daidaita su don zama cikin yanayin gida.
Harshen Cattleya (Cattleya) ya haɗu kusan kusan nau'ikan tsirrai 60, da kuma yawancin adadin orchids da ke girma a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka. Suna tsire-tsire masu fitsari, kuma a cikin daji sun gwammace su yi girma a kan duwatsu ko Tumbin bishiyoyi daban-daban. Hakanan, wadannan tsirrai suna da tushen creeping da pseudobulbs da yawa, wanda 1 ko 2 kunkuntar ganye da bakin ciki ke girma. A cikin waɗannan ɓarna, waɗanda kuma ana kiranta tarin fuka, tarin abubuwan gina jiki suna faruwa.
Wadannan tsire-tsire sune mafi kyawun wakilan orchids. Lokacin fure Cattleya ya dogara da nau'in shuka kuma yana iya farawa a kowane lokaci na shekara. Kyawawan furanni masu haske, masu haske da ƙyalƙyali masu girma sosai. Don haka, a cikin yanayin daji a cikin diamita, zasu iya kaiwa santimita 30. Kowane fure yana da lebe, wanda ya sha bamban da furannin corolla a launinsa.
Babban nau'ikan
A gida, nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri da kuma nau'ikan wannan shuka suna girma.
Cattleya Orchid Kulawa a Gida
Idan aka kwatanta da phalaenopsis, Cattleya ya fi buƙatu cikin kulawa da ƙima. Hakanan sun banbanta da yanayin lokaci. Koyaya, duk da waɗannan gazawar, wannan fure na iya girma a gida, idan kun bi duk ka'idodi don kula da orchids.
Bai kamata a manta da cewa dabbobi iri-iri na shanu na iya bambanta sosai a cikin yanayin aikinsu, da kuma a cikin fure ba. Saboda haka, sayen wannan fure, tabbatar da gano ko wane nau'in nasa ne.
Haske da wuri
Irin wannan shuka kawai yana buƙatar haske mai haske, amma a lokaci guda dole ne a watsa shi. Idan furen yana wurin windowsill na taga ta kudu, to, a lokacin rani dole ne a sami inuwa daga hasken rana kai tsaye. In ba haka ba, yana iya overheat. An ba da shawarar sanya garken shanu kusa da budewar taga wanda ke yammacin ko gabashin ɓangaren dakin. A cikin lokacin dumi, ya fi dacewa don canja wurin wannan fure zuwa mai rikodin loggia. A lokaci guda, masu noman fure da yawa suna ba da shawarar buɗe dukkanin windows a kan loggia don samun kyakkyawar zagayawa cikin iska. Koyaya, yana da daraja la'akari da cewa shuka kansa bai kamata a sanya shi a kan daftarin dindindin ba.
Itace adadi mai yawa na nau'ikan furanni suna da alaƙa kai tsaye zuwa tsawon awoyi na hasken rana. Don haka, furewar yawancin orchids marasa daidaituwa ta fara bayan 'yan makonni sun shude tare da gajeren hasken rana. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ana kuma kiran su orchids kaka. Kuma akwai wasu nau'ikan da ke buƙatar haske mai yawa kuma tare da rashin sa na iya bazuwa kwata-kwata, kuma galibi suna haɗuwa da bifolia orchids.
Yanayin Zazzabi
A lokacin da Cattleya ke girma da farauta, dole ne a sanya shi cikin zafi. Don haka, a cikin rana, zafin jiki kada ya kasance ƙasa da digiri 22-25, kuma da dare - ba kasa da digiri 18 ba.
Yawancin gidaje masu yawa a cikin daji sun gwammace su yi girma a ƙafafun ƙafa da duwatsun (a tsauni zuwa sama da mita 2000 sama da matakin teku), inda bambanci tsakanin yanayin dare da rana ya kasance mai mahimmanci kuma yana da digiri 5, kuma a wasu lokuta ƙari. Saboda haka, don tsirrai su girma da haɓaka, lallai ne a tabbatar da bambancin zazzabi dare da rana. Don haka, a cikin dare, zazzabi ya kamata ya kasance daga digiri 15 zuwa 18, kuma a cikin rana - daga digiri 21 zuwa 27. A lokacin dormant, ya kamata a sanya shuka a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi, inda a cikin dare zai kasance kimanin digiri 15, kuma yayin rana - daga digiri 16 zuwa 18.
Haushi
Wadannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar tsananin zafi. Suna buƙatar fesawa a koyaushe kamar yadda zai yiwu, amma kada ku ƙyale damshi ya hau kan inflorescences. Masana sun bada shawarar harbe harbe shanya tare da sphagnum wanda aka goge da gansakuka.
A lokacin rani, lokacin da aka sanya orchid akan loggia, gumi yana da yawa sau da yawa sama da a wani ɗaki a cikin hunturu lokacin dumama. Wasu masu ba da shawara suna ba da shawara, don haɓaka zafi, sanya tukunyar filawa akan pallet, a cikin abin da kuka fara buƙatar cika ƙananan pebbles kuma ku zuba ruwa kaɗan.
Yadda ake ruwa
A lokacin girma, fure yana buƙatar yawan ruwa. Amma ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa tsakanin watering saman Layer na kasar gona dole ne ya bushe. Ana shayar dashi sau da yawa a lokacin rani, ana ma bada shawarar nutsar da tukunyar fure a cikin ruwan sanyi, kuma yakamata ya kasance a ciki na minti 10. A cikin taron cewa orchid ya girma a cikin cakuda ƙasa wanda ya kunshi haushi, ana yin shayarwa kowane kwana biyu ko uku.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa idan dakin yayi sanyi isasshe, to, Cattleya ya mamaye ruwan sosai, saboda haka, a wannan yanayin, yana buƙatar ƙarancin shayarwa. Don haka, idan shuka tana cikin iska mai tsabta kuma da dare ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a digiri 10, to ba lallai ne a shayar da komai ba. Wannan orchid a hankali yana nufin bushewar kasar gona, saboda ganyenta suna da ruwa. Yawan ruwa da aka yi amfani dashi lokacin ban ruwa ne kowane iri ga kowane shuka.
Taki
Yayin girma, dole ne a ciyar da Cattleya, saboda wannan zai shirya shi don fure mai zuwa. Suna ciyar da shuka, yawanci ta hanyar ruwa. Ana yin riguna na sama a cikin bazara-lokacin bazara 1 lokaci a cikin makonni 1-2. Kuma suna amfani da maganin hadadden takin gargajiya na orchids (maida hankali kada ta kasance babba sosai).
Masana sun ba da shawara yin amfani da takin gargajiya a farkon lokacin girma. Kuma a lokacin takin mai girma a cikin potassium da phosphorus domin ta da fure. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar yin takin lokacin da murfin ya bayyana a gindin ganye. Kuma sake, kuna buƙatar fara ciyar da shuka bayan an kafa toho.
Lokacin hutawa
Lokacin rashin daidaituwa na tsire-tsire da aka bayar yana farawa bayan ya daina fure. A cikin taron cewa wannan lokacin bai daɗe ba, orchid bazai yi fure ba. Lokacin da wannan lokacin zai fara dogara da nau'ikan. Koyaya, a mafi yawan lokuta, wannan lokacin yana sauka akan lokacin hunturu.
A ƙarshen fure, an sanya shanu a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi. A wannan lokacin, tana buƙatar hasken wuta, tunda hasken rana kai tsaye na iya haifar da haɓaka fure. Ba a ciyar da shuka sosai ba kuma ana shayar da shi sosai (sau 2 a wata ko ƙasa da hakan). Koyaya, tabbatar cewa kwararan fitila basa wrinkle kuma kada ku fara bushewa. A cikin yanayin yayin da fure ke faruwa a cikin makonni na ƙarshe na hunturu ko a lokacin bazara, lokacin dormancy na irin wannan tukunya zai kasance a cikin kaka.
Yadda ake dasawa
Ana aiwatar da juyawa sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 2, kafin shuka ya fara girma da sauri. An zaɓi tukunyar filawa. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da tallafi don furen ya tsaya tsaye.
Don ƙirƙirar cakuda ƙasa mai dacewa, ya zama dole a haɗu da ƙaramin yanki na spruce ko pine haushi, gawayi da ƙanshin sphagnum. Hakanan zaka iya sayan kayan haɗin ƙasa da aka shirya don orpids na epiphytic.
Gudun ruwa
- Kawai girma shuka blooms, yayin da ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi daidai girman abin da ya kamata ya sami kwan fitila, tun da wannan kai tsaye dogara da iri-iri. Zai iya zama santimita 9 da santimita 18. Lokacin sayen sayan kayan fure, babu shakka cewa ta girma ce. A cikin yanayin lokacin da shuka yana da kwararan fitila da yawa tare da tushen raye kuma 1 tare da murfi, orchid na iya yin fure. Kuma idan babu tushen akan kwararan fitila, to, wataƙila ba zata yi fure ba. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, a wannan yanayin, wani kwan fitila mai tushe tare da asalinsu ke tsiro.
- Don shuka don fure, tana buƙatar hasken rana. Sabili da haka, ba da shawarar sanya shi akan taga na arewa ba. Lallai yakamata ku shawo furen daga zafin rana. Hasken rana na Cattleya shine dole.
- A lokacin rani, kuna buƙatar ruwa da ciyar da fure akan lokaci, in ba haka ba fure bazai yuwu ba.
- Nasarar da fure ya dogara da bambancin zafin jiki yayin rana da dare (aƙalla digiri 5). Zai fi sauƙi don samar da shi a cikin lokacin dumi a kan baranda.
- Daidai lokacin hutu. Yana da Dole a shayar da shuka kadan, don kare shi daga haskoki na rana da girma fure bai kamata a lura ba.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Kuna iya yada ta hanyar rarrabuwa. Yi wannan a farkon farkon girma a gaban 5 ko 6 pseudobulbs. A lokaci guda, kowane kwan fitila zaune daban.
Karin kwari
Spider mites, sikelin kwari, aphids, kazalika thrips iya shirya. Don gwagwarmaya, ana amfani da maganin actellic (saukad da 15-20 a kowace lita na ruwa).
