Ganyen Nigella (Nigella), wanda kuma ake kira chernushka, yana da alaƙar kai tsaye ga dangin ranunculaceae. Wannan nau'in halittar ya haɗu da fiye da jinsin 20 na tsirrai daban-daban. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana iya samun su a Yammacin Asiya, Yammacin Turai da Arewacin Afirka. Sunan Latin ya fito daga kalmar "niger", wanda ke fassara "baƙar fata". Kuma shuka ya sami irin wannan suna saboda gaskiyar cewa an zana tsaba a cikin launin baƙar fata. Farko, nigella ta kare a Arewacin Caucasus da Turkiya, daga can ta isa India, daga can kuma har zuwa kasashen turai. A Ingila, ana kiran wannan tsire-tsire mai albarka, ƙwayar caraway baki, fure nutmeg, kalingini, fure fennel, black sesame, da kuma coriander na Italiya, amma nigella ba ta da wata ma'amala da ɗayan tsirran.
Siffofin Nigella
Nigella ciyayi ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke da rassa mai rassa kuma ya kai tsawan 0.3-0.6 m. An girka filayen kayan ganye a hankali ko kuma zazzage shi. Ganyayyaki na sama suna tashi sama da tsire-tsire, suna kama da murfin lacy. Girman daskararren furanni biyu na kusan santimita 4 ne; suna da sepals 5, suna kama da filayen waje. Launin furanni na iya zama fari, shuɗi ko rawaya. Idan furanni suna terry, to an sanya kabarinsu a cikin layuka 2, 3 ko 4. Itacen furanni na furanni ya canza kama zuwa nectaries. 'Ya'yan itacen kwali ne na kumburi ko sifar kamfani, wanda ya ƙunshi ganye na 5. A cikin 'ya'yan itacen akwai tsallake matte tsaba na launin launi.
Ana daukar Nigella wani mahimman abu ne na zanen ƙasa. Irin wadannan tsire-tsire ana shuka su ne a gefen iyakoki da shinge, suna yin kwalliyar filayen dutse, furannin furanni da tsaunukan tsayi, haka nan ana amfani da nigella a matsayin tsarin shirye-shiryen fure.
Girma Nigella daga Tsaba
Shuka
Wannan shuka za'a iya yada shi ta hanyar tsaba kawai. A cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, ana bada shawara don shuka su a watan Mayu ko kafin hunturu, yayin da zurfafa zuwa cikin ƙasa ta 20 mm. Seedlings da suka bayyana da alama sun kasance sanyi-resistant, amma har yanzu a karo na farko gogaggen lambu bayar da shawarar mafaka da su. Seedlings amsa musamman barnatar da dasawa, dangane da wannan, shuka shuka dole ne a yi nan da nan zuwa wurin dindindin.
'Yayan itace
Za'ayi shuka iri ne a cikin Maris ko Afrilu a cikin greenhouse, yayin da ake binne tsaba a cikin substrate ta hanyar mm 20 kawai. 'Ya'yan seedlings na farko ya kamata ya bayyana kwanaki 14-20 bayan shuka. Lokacin da na farko da na gaskiya ganye fara haɓaka, seedlings za bukatar nutsar cikin mutum peat-humus tukwane. Seedlingsaukar Shuwannin shuka za su buƙaci daidai a cikin waɗannan tukwane.
Nigella dasa a gona
Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa
Tsirrai na Nigella suna girma da sauri, kuma a watan Mayu za'a iya dasa shi a cikin lambu a cikin dindindin. Wurin don wannan irin shuka ya kamata a zaɓi shi da fitila mai kyau kuma a buɗe, gaskiyar magana ita ce a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa yana girma kuma yana haɓaka mafi muni. Hakanan, zabar wurin dasa shuki nigella, ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa bai dace da kusancinsa da tsire-tsire na ƙasa ba. Asa mai dacewa ya kamata ya bushe, sako-sako, haske, cike da kayan abinci, tsaka tsaki ko mara tausayi. Acidic ƙasa bai dace da dasa ba.
Yadda za'a jefar dashi
Shuka seedlings ya kamata a yi kai tsaye a cikin peat-gumi tukunyar, yayin da tsakanin bushes ya zama dole don tsayar da nisa na 15 zuwa 20 santimita, da kuma jere jera ya kamata daga 45 zuwa 50 santimita. Idan ka dasa nigella mai kauri sosai, to wannan zai cutar da fure, sannan kuma tsaba baza su sami lokacin shuka ba. Lokacin da aka dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe, dole ne a shayar da shi sosai. Ba lallai ba ne a cika farfajiyar shafin tare da ciyawa, tunda ɓarnatar da sinadarin nigella ta yi daidai da mulching. Fulawa yana farawa kimanin kwanaki 40-45 bayan shukar ta bayyana, kuma tsawonta yakai sati 8.
Nigella Kula a cikin Lambun
Lokacin da kake kula da nigella, yana da mahimmanci a sassauta farfajiyar shafin, yayin cire ciyawa, tunda wannan shuka ya lalata ciyawa. Game da danshi ƙasa, ya kamata a tuna cewa m da m watering ne kuma iya lalata irin wannan fure. A wannan batun, ana ba da shawarar cewa nigella ta haɗu da tsarin shayarwa na musamman. Lokacin ciyar da wannan fure, kuna buƙatar tuna cewa yana da sauƙin isa don shawo kan lamarin, saboda haka a nan yakamata ku yi hankali sosai. Dangane da wannan, gardenersan lambu da ke da gogaggen shawara suna ba da shawarar dasa nigella a yankin da magabata suka ciyar da takin gargajiya. A wannan yanayin, har zuwa tsakiyar lokacin girman aiki, irin waɗannan furanni ba za a iya ciyar da su gaba ɗaya ba. A lokacin fure, yakamata a dasa shuka tare da takin phosphorus-potassium.
Nigella kiwo
Irin wannan shuka za a iya yada shi ta hanyar seedless ko seedling hanyoyin. Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa buɗe za a iya yi a cikin bazara ko a cikin hunturu. Yadda ake shuka nigella daga tsaba an bayyana su daki-daki. Hakanan ana ɗaukar amfanin kai da kanka wata hanya ce ta yaduwar nigella.
Cutar da kwari
Idan yanayin ya kasance mai laushi da sanyi har tsawon lokaci, to, haɗarin nigella zai kamu da mildew powdery yana ƙaruwa. Don adana tsirrai, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da jiyya 2 ko 3 na bushes tare da fungicide tare da hutu tsakanin zaman kwanaki 7-10. Idan a cikin bazara akwai dogon lokaci na bushewa, kuma ba'a shayar da nigella a cikin yanayi mai dacewa, to, ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo waɗanda ke tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganyayyaki na iya warware su. Domin kawar da ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo, ya zama dole a kula da tsirrai tare da ƙwayoyin cuta, alal misali: Actellic, Kleschevit, Agravertin, Akarin ko Fitoverm. Koyaya, bai kamata ku ji tsoro ba, saboda tare da kulawa da kyau da kuma namowa, nigella tana da tsayayya ga cututtuka da kwari masu cutarwa. Kuma tsaba irin wannan fure suna da wari mai daɗi, wanda zai iya tsoratar da kwari.
Nigella bayan fure
Sigina don fara tattara ƙwayoyin nigella shine girma na kusan 2/3 na kusoshin, wannan lokacin, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya faɗi a ƙarshen kwanakin watan Agusta ko Satumba. An yanka akwatunan balagaga tare da harbe, sannan kuma a haɗa cikin daure, waɗanda aka shimfiɗa a cikin bushe, ɗakin da ke bushe don bushewa. Lokacin da kwalaye suka bushe, ya kamata a girgiza fitar da tsaba wanda zai zama mai yiwuwa har tsawon shekaru 2. Wadannan tsaba za'a iya shuka su nan da nan bayan girbi a cikin hunturu, ko kuma a yi bazara.
Iri da nau'ikan nigella tare da hotuna da sunaye
Damascus Nigella (Nigella damasceana)
Tsakanin 'yan lambu na latitude na tsakiya, wannan nau'in, wanda kuma ake kira "lady a kore", ya fi fice. Gaskiyar ita ce a cikin irin wannan shuka, ba furanni kawai ba ne masu kyau, har ma faranti na ganye. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana iya samun furanni irin su a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Asiya ,arama, a cikin Crimea, Caucasus da Rum. Tsawon harbe harbe zai iya kaiwa mita 0.3-0.5. Leaf faranti sau uku ko kuma an rarraba shi sau biyu. Launin terry ko furanni masu sauƙi na iya zama shuɗi, fari ko shuɗi. Kamar dai furanni suna kewaye da "mayafi" mai ban sha'awa wanda ya ƙunshi ganye na buɗe furanni da ke kan rassan kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin furanni. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan nau'in nigella, duk da haka, ya kamata a tuna cewa ba dukkan su kayan ado ne sosai ba. Misali, Jaririn Blue Blue ya fi kama da dunƙule mai launin kore, ya kai tsini zuwa 15 santimita da mallakar ƙananan furanni da 'ya'yan itaciyar mummuna. Mafi yawan nau'ikan kayan ado sun hada da:
- Kambir mai bakin shuɗi. M mai tushe a tsayi na iya isa 0.9 m, launin shuɗi-fure furanni shuɗi ne.
- Miss Jekyll Rose. Kayan madaidaiciya mai tushe ya kai rabin rabin mita. Launin furanni launin ruwan hoda mai duhu-ja. An ƙirƙiri wannan nau'in musamman don masu furannin fure waɗanda suke amfani dashi don tsara shirye-shiryen bushe ko fure.
- Jikinta na Farisa. Haɗin wannan nau'in ya haɗa da tsire-tsire tare da furanni masu shuɗi, lilac-pink, fari ko launi mai ruwan hoda.
- Dwarf Moody Blue. Tsawon irin wannan dwarf shuka zai iya kaiwa zuwa santimita 15-20. Launin furanni shudi ne.
Shuka Nigella (Nigella sativa)
Ana horar da wannan nau'in a matsayin tsirrai na magani. Tsawon irin wannan shuka na shekara-shekara na iya bambanta daga 0.3 zuwa 0.7 mita. Farin fure, shuɗi ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-furanni na iya zama mai sauƙi ko sauƙi, suna da ban sha'awa sosai a bangon faranti fararen yadin da aka yi kama da na fennel. Abubuwan launin fata na wannan nau'in nigella suna da wari mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, saboda abin da aka yi amfani da shi tsawon ɗaruruwan shekaru a matsayin kayan yaji don jita-jita iri-iri. Hakanan an shirya shirye-shiryen Cholagogue da ciki daga irin wannan tsaba. Wannan nau'in ya hada da sunaye kamar: black caraway tsaba, black siseses black and fure Fennel. Kuma a cikin Alkur'ani an rubuta game da shi: "A cikin nau'in karafa na baki, ana warkarwa daga dukkan cututtuka."
Mutanen Espanya Nigella (Nigella hispanica)
Wannan nau'in ba ya shahara sosai. Wurin haifuwar irin wannan shekara ita ce arewacin Afirka da kuma Kudancin Spain. A tsayi, daji zai iya kaiwa mita 0.6. Fenti mai faranti launin fenti kore mai duhu. Zurfin ruwan furanni shuɗi mai duhu kusan santimita 6, suna da ɗanɗano kamshi da adon launi mai haske. Hasken ja kwayar kwayar halittar wannan nau'in kuma suna da tasiri sosai. Ana lura da ruwa a cikin watan Yuni-Satumba.
Gabas ta Tsakiya (Nigella orientalis)
Wannan nau'in bashi da mashahuri sosai. An yi musu ado tare da gadaje na fure, kuma irin waɗannan furanni suna girma don yankan kuma don yin busassun furanni. Wannan tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara yana da ƙananan furanni da 'ya'yan itace mai ban sha'awa.
Kayan aikin Nigella
Ana amfani da shuka shuka nigella (nigella na magani) ba wai kawai don yin ado da kayan lambu ba. 'Ya'yan wannan nau'in nigella suna da ƙanshi na strawberry da ɗanɗano barkono mai kaifi, saboda haka ana amfani dasu da yawa wajen dafa abinci azaman kayan yaji. Misali, ana kara irin wannan tsaba a lokacin yin burodi da burodi, zuwa marinades yayin samar da kayan lambu na gwangwani, haka kuma a cikin nau'in foda ana amfani dasu yayin shirye-shiryen miya. Ana cin ganyen wannan shuka kamar ganye, gaskiyar ita ce cewa suna da farfadowa da tonic. A lokacin bazara, ana amfani da irin wannan ganye don yin salatin tare da coriander, dill, basil, faski da chervil.
Irin wannan shuka yana da dandano mai daɗi ba kawai ba, har ma yana da amfani sosai. Don haka, a cikin tsaba na nigella na magani akwai carotene, mayuka masu mahimmanci, bitamin E, ascorbic acid, da kuma sinadarin lipase. Saboda wannan, suna da maganin laxative, antispasmodic, antifungal, antioxidant, bronchodilator, antiviral, anthelmintic, diuretic, analgesic, antiulcer, antibacterial, antiallergic, antitumor, immunostimulating da choleretic sakamako. An ba su shawarar don amfani da hauhawar jini, dysbiosis, cuta mai tazara, pyelonephritis, flatulence da narkewa kamar jijiyoyin cuta, cututtukan hormonal, dystonia na ganyayyaki, cystitis da ci. Irin waɗannan tsaba na iya ƙarfafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, haɓaka aikin hanta da ƙwayar cuta, kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa tsarin tsufa a cikin jiki yana rage gudu. Wadannan tsaba, tare da wasu magunguna, suna maganin cututtuka kamar su mellitus na ciwon sukari, hauhawar jijiya, amai, fuka, ciwon daji da jaraba. Tea da aka yi daga irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin na taimaka wa hanzarta tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin jiki da kuma tsabtace shi daga gubobi da gubobi, sannan kuma yana taimakawa wajen rasa nauyi.
Wasu sanannun sanannun magunguna daga shuka nigella:
- Nigella iri tincture. Dole ne a haɗe tsaba tare da vodka a cikin rabo na 1: 5. An cire cakuda sakamakon a wuri mai duhu na kwanaki 7. Sannan za a tace tincture kawai a saka a kan shiryayyen firiji don ajiya. Don cututtukan cututtukan hanji, sha wannan tincture na 10-15 saukad da.
- Shayi. 200 MG na ruwan da aka tafasa sabo ne dole ne a haɗe shi da gram 1 na ƙwayar nigella. Bari a tsaya na mintina 15. Irin wannan shayi ya kamata ya bugu a cikin karamin rabo yayin rana, yayin da zai sami laxative, farfadowa, diuretic da choleretic a jiki. Don cimma sakamako na anthelmintic, kuna buƙatar sha akalla 2 lita na irin wannan magani a rana, a lokaci guda kuna buƙatar cin abinci mai yaji (herring, albasa, da sauransu). An bambanta waɗannan tsaba ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa suna da kusan kaifi iri ɗaya kamar barkono baƙar fata, amma ba sa haushi da ƙwayar narkewa.
- Gurasar Miyar Albarka. Kuna buƙatar 1 kg na gari, daga abin da kuke buƙatar shirya kullu akan ruwa. 1.5 manyan cokali na nigella tsaba ana zuba su a ciki kuma komai na hade. A kullu yakamata ya tsaya na tsawon minti 40 zuwa 50, sannan a kirkiri shi cikin ruwan, wanda aka birkesu da wuri. An gasa su a cikin tanda, kuma har yanzu zafi yana shafawa da mai.
Hakanan ana amfani da tsaba iri iri wajen yaƙar kwari. Ana zubar da tsaba a cikin kananan jakunkuna na kayan sawa ko masana'anta waɗanda aka daskarar da su sosai. Sannan an sanya jakunkuna a kan shelves a cikin kabad. Abin sha'awa, ƙanshi na waɗannan tsaba na iya tsoratar da ba kawai asu ba, har da sauro da macizai.
Koyaya, nigella yana da contraindications da yawa, ba za a iya amfani da kudade daga irin wannan fure ba:
- mai ciki (musamman ma a matakai na gaba);
- marasa lafiya na thrombophlebitis;
- tare da cholelithiasis;
- tare da cututtukan zuciya na zuciya;
- tare da m gastritis tare da babban acidity.
Duk da haka, irin waɗannan kudaden ya kamata a cire su gaba ɗaya ga mutanen da ke da gabobin da aka dasa. Gaskiyar ita ce sun ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi, kuma wannan na iya haifar da ƙin karɓar ƙwayar da aka gina.
