Gwanin ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai narkewa da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta - shine wurin da aka fi so saboda yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta. Kuna buƙatar sanin cututtukan gwoza: hoton su, bayanin su da magani wani abu ne wanda kowane mai lambu zai buƙaci tabbas. Domin saboda cututtuka, an rage yawan amfanin gona da yawa. Idan baku dauki wasu matakan ba, zaku iya asarar kashi 70% na amfanin gona.
Don hana hasara, kuna buƙatar sanin alamun farko na cutar. Wannan zai taimaka musu wajen ganowa da daukar matakan da suka dace. Hakanan wajibi ne a sami asalin tushen kamuwa da cuta na farko da sakandare.
Alamun alamun mildew mai narkewa ko peronosporosis na beets
Wannan cutar ta shafi beets a kowane yanki na ƙasarmu. A kan tushen farkon shekarar haɓaka, an lura da jujjuya, yakar danshi da ganyayyaki. Me yasa ƙananan beets sun zama rawaya a cikin beets? Domin an buge su da ƙwayoyin fungal, waɗanda a bayyane suke a kasan ganyen cikin rigar yanayi. Alamar farko na alamar ganye mai santsi itace mai ruwan murfi-mai launin toka akan farantin ganye. Ganyen da abin ya shafa ya fara jujjuya launin toka, sannan kuma ya zama rawaya, bushe ko kuma ya fara jujjuyawa.
Daga baya, kamuwa da cuta zai bazu zuwa mafita ta tsakiya, buds a saman, ciyawar fure, tsinkaye da tsaba. Sabili da haka, ba shi yiwuwa a tattara kayan ƙwayar zuriya masu yawa daga irin tsire-tsire.
A cikin ɗayan kakar, naman gwari na iya samar da tsararraki da yawa. Kuma ci gaban da cutar ke inganta sosai by zafi da kuma zazzabi mai sanyi. Don naman gwari ya girma ya fara rabawa, yana buƙatar digo na danshi. A karkashin halayen da suka dace, an rage lokacin namu spore daga kwanaki 8 zuwa 5.
Tushen kamuwa da cuta sune:
- Tsirrai masu shuka kansu sun cika bayan girbi;
- Tushen kayan lambu mai rauni na wannan shekara: an cire shi daga gonar, amma an bar shi cikin wurin;
- Tushen kayan lambu marasa lafiya na bara, wanda ya kasance a cikin ƙasa, kuma a wannan shekara sun kafa nasu hanyar;
- Irin ƙwayar cuta.
Beetarin alamun beetroot Aschitosis
Arshe, tsofaffin ganye an rufe farko da shuɗi-kore aibobi, wanda daga baya ya zama necrotic launin ruwan kasa foci na sporulation. A cikin tsakiyar tabkin launin ruwan kasa akwai maki da yawa masu duhu - wannan shine maida hankali kan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Bayan ganyayyaki, naman gwari yana shafar filayen kwalliya, tsirrai iri, har ma da tsiro. A tsawon lokacin ciyayi na beets, naman gwari na iya bayar da dubun na ƙarni. Firam da ke lalacewa da sauri mutu zai mutu, saboda wannan ci gaban kayan lambu ya tsaya, kuma yawan amfanin makircin ya ragu da akalla kashi 15%.
Kuma ascochitosis da peronosporosis za a iya kawar da su kawai tare da taimakon fungicides. Bugu da kari, yana da matukar muhimmanci a lura da tsarin takin zamani daidai. Wajibi ne don samar da shi yayin la'akari da bukatun ƙasa da kayan lambu kanta. Allurar takin bai kamata kawai a daidaita shi ba, amma kuma ya barata bisa ga bukatar gaggawa na kayan amfanin gona.
Alamar cercosporosis: cututtukan fungal da magani
Beetroot cercosporosis shine tabo na farantin ganye wanda ya haifar da ƙwayar cuta ta pathogenic. Kowace shekara, wannan cuta tana hana mazaunan bazara da yawa na girkin su na doka, saboda tana haɓaka da sauri da sauri.
A cikin kayan lambu kanta, wannan cuta ta bayyana kanta a ƙarƙashin halayen da yawa da m aibobi tare da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Wurin yana da halayyar launin ruwan ƙasa necrotic. Girman danshin kamuwa da fungal ya kai mm 6. A tsawon lokaci, sassan necrotic hade kuma duk ganye ya shafa. Kayan rigar da yake rushewa ya fadi.
Idan ba a ɗauki matakan gaggawa ba, ƙwayar cuta ta pathogen za ta motsa da sauri daga yanayin rayuwa zuwa ɗaukar nauyin duk makircin. Tare da irin wannan aikin haifuwa mai aiki, akwai babban haɗarin mutuwar duk saman fiyoyin kore.
Matakan don magance cercosperosis gwoza sune kamar haka:
- Yin rigakafin jiyya na rigakafi tare da shirye-shiryen beetroot Rex Duo da Abacus. Yawan amfani da matakan kariya shine lita 0.7 a kowace kadada.
- Yin amfani da hanzari na fungicides kamar Abacus, Rex da Tango. Wanda ake halin babban antifungal tasiri. Kuma yana da mafi tsawon lokacin kariya, har zuwa girbi. Wannan hanyar ita ce mafi inganci a farkon gano tsire-tsire masu kamuwa;
- Tarin tattarawa da ƙone da tsire-tsire masu ƙwayar cuta. Dukkanin jan kafa don zubar da sassan jikin da suka lalace sune mafi kyawun aiwatar da su a waje da yankin su, wanda zai taimaka wajan hana yaduwar naman gwari ta hanyar iska.
Cutar gwoza da ƙwayoyin cuta: cuta ko rashin abinci mai gina jiki
Me yasa beets suna da ganye ja? Wannan halin shine yawanci ana lura da duka a lokacin girma seedlings, kuma a cikin gadaje na buɗe.
A farkon lamari, tushen sanadin na iya zama dalilai iri-iri, alal misali, maimakon yashi kogi, yashi yashi ya hade cikin ƙasa. Da wannan guba, dole ne a dasa ciyayi cikin hanzari, kuma sai a share tushensu da ruwa.
Hakanan, ganyen 'ya'yan itacen na iya jujjuyawar idan an kara wasu takin a cikin kayan gona wanda aka hadasu da shi. Tare da wuce haddi na abubuwa alama - fi na farko da farko itace ja, to, bushe ya mutu gaba daya.
Me za a yi idan jan ganyen beets sun bayyana a fili? Dalilan da zasu iya haifar da jan gashi a wannan yanayin zasu iya yawaita:
- Babu isasshen adadin phosphate taki amfani. Hanyar warware matsalar abu ne mai sauqi: kawai ƙara dacewa shirye-shiryen ƙasa.
- Soilara yawan acidity na ƙasa. Alkalan ko iskar shaka na kasar gona yana hana gwoza daga haifar da takin da yakamata. Saboda haka, ci gaban tushen amfanin gona ya yi kadan, kuma fiyoyin sa suna da farin launi mai kyau-ja. Magani: zuba madara lemun tsami a kan wannan fili, kuma ta haka ne “lalata” kasar.
- Rashin ƙwayar soda. Magani: a ruwa mai zuwa, kuna buƙatar ƙara gishiri gwal a cikin ruwa, a cikin rabo: tablespoon daya na sodium da lita 10 na ruwa. Bayan bushewa dauriyar baranda, zaku iya yayyafa makircin da katako, wanda zai taimaka wa tsire-tsire su kara tare da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci.
