Awaki suna dauke daya daga cikin dabbobi na farko da mutane suka mallaka. Irin wannan dabbobin awaki suna da kiwo, nama, ulu da mayar da hankali. Hakanan a cikin duniya akwai nau'ikan matsakaici da yawa waɗanda ke ba da damar masu kiwon dabbobi su samu daga manyan garken garken a matakai biyu zuwa uku.
Mafi mashahuri tsakanin masu mallakar Rashan masu zaman kansu na gona da gonaki sune nau'ikan kiwo, nama da kiwo da nama da ƙwarewar ulu, kuma sama da rabin adadin adadin dabbobi suna girma don samar da madara.
Hoto da kwatankwacin irin garken awakin da suka sami babbar shahara a ƙasar za su taimaka wa masu fara kiwo don kewaya abubuwan da ke akwai kuma a hankali su kusanci abin da ya kasance na garken awakin nasu.
Zaanensky irin awaki
Daidai ne jagorar Turai da shahararren mai kayatarwa ya dace da matsayin Saanen na awaki, wanda aka sanya wa yankin a yankin Alps na Switzerland, inda ake buge shi. Switzerland ta zama wurin haifan wasu shahararrun awaki masu yawa, wanda ba abin mamaki bane. Yankin da ke da yanayi mai kyau da ciyawa mai laushi kamar da za a ƙirƙira don noman kiwo, amma tsaunin tudu ba koyaushe ya dace da kiwo babban mai shayarwa ba - shanu. Saboda haka, saurin-girma, unpreentious kuma a baya wani yanki na ciyawa sauƙi hawa mafi mafi m garken awaki ya zama abun bauta ga mutane da yawa baƙi na Switzerland.
Haihuwar awakin an haife ta ne sakamakon zaɓin jama'a. Babban, daga 50 zuwa 90 kg a nauyi, dabbobi masu wuya suna nuna kyakkyawan samfurin madara. Mace suna da yawan gaske, kuma bunsuru da aka Haifa yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi mai nasara. Idan matsakaicin nauyin jariri a lokacin haihuwa shine kilogiram 1.5 - 3, to a shekara akuya ko akuya tayi nauyi sau 10.
A cikin shekarar, wata tsohuwa ta ba da kimanin lita 650 na madara tare da mai mai kusan 4%. Lactation yana zuwa kwana 300.
Kuma awaki na zuriyar Zaanen sun zo Rasha kusan shekaru ɗari da suka gabata. A cikin wannan lokacin, dabbobin sun tabbatar da rashin bayyanarsu, sauƙin daidaitawa ga yanayin yanayi daban-daban da kuma samar da madara mafi girma. Dangane da mafi kyawun wakilai na wannan nau'in na awaki, an samo layin da yawa da sabbin wurare.
Koyaya, har ma da wannan nau'in, mutane da aka sani da daɗewa, suna da ikon gabatar da abubuwan mamaki. Farin awaki na Zaanensky na wani lokaci suna da awaki masu launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa. Wannan sabon abu yana da alaƙa da bayyanar da hanyar kariyar rai, masu ɗauka waɗanda wasu wakilai ne tsarkaka. Irin waɗannan awaki ba su da ƙaranci fiye da farin uwayensu, amma daga nesa ake ɗauka zuwa kiwo.
Garken awaki Toggenburg
Wani tsohuwar nau'in awaki na Swiss ana kiranta da sunan canjin garin Toggenburg, inda ya bunkasa kuma aka tallafa shi a tarihi tun ƙarni na 18. Babbar awakin Toggenburg ta ba da jimawa ga dabbobin Turai da yawa. Kuma jininta yana cikin awar Rakiya, Ingila da Czech.
Idan muka kwatanta dabbobin wannan garken awaki da Zaanensky, to ƙarshen suna da yawa. Aukar nauyin, alal misali, akuyar Toggenburg shine kilogiram 60, kuma danginta daga Saanenthal sunkai kilogiram 15-30. Awakin suna da launin ruwan kasa da yawa a launuka iri iri waɗanda fararen alamu a kafafu, kunnuwa da kai.
Dabbobin Swiss waɗanda aka bayyana sune awaki masu kamshi marasa kyau, wanda yake da mahimmanci don samun ba kawai lafiya ba, amma samfurori masu daɗin gaske.
Irin garken awaki na Toggenburg ya nuna samar da madara mai kyau. A akuya don 260 - 300 kwanakin lactation a kowace shekara na iya samar da har zuwa lita 1000 na madara.
Rasha fararen fata na awaki
Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun garken awaki a Rasha, wanda aka samo bisa ga dabbobin Zaanensky, ya zama Farin Rashanci. Wakilai na wannan nau'in kusan koyaushe suna da farin kwat da wando, masu girma dabam, kyakkyawar fecundity da yawan ƙwayar madara. Domin shekara guda, an shayar da akuya har zuwa kwanaki 300, yayin da yake ba da lita 500 na madara tare da mai mai har zuwa 5%. Awaki kagaggu ne. Mayafin dabbobi ya gajarta ne, mai tauri, kusan ba tare da an sayo shi ba.
Awaki Anglo-Nubian
Awaki Anglo-Nubian na iya wakiltar nama da shugabanin kiwo. Tsohon, wanda aka kafa tarihi a kan turbar dutse na Arewacin Sudan, mazauna yankin sun yi amfani da irin wannan dabbobin a matsayin ƙarni na gaba ɗaya kuma wanda ba shi da ma'ana. Turawan Turawan Turawan mulkin mallaka da na Turawan Faransa ne suka fara nuna sha'awar su.
Saboda haka, lokacin da kuka ga bayanin hoto ko hoto na ɗan akuya na Nubian, kuna buƙatar sanin cewa muna magana ne game da dabbobin Anglo-Nubian na zamani. Sakamakon tsallake da awakin Afirka marasa ma'ana tare da mutanen Burtaniya masu inganci, an sami sabon iri. Awaki Anglo-Nubian suna da kamannin da ba su dace ba, manyan masu girma dabam da kuma nama mai ban sha'awa da bayanan kiwo.
Humpbacked, tare da kunnuwa rataye, mace na iya girma har zuwa kilogiram 80, kuma manyan maza guda ɗaya zasu iya girma har zuwa kilogram 130. Girma na ɗan akuya yakan kai 90 cm a ƙ witƙasassun.
Dabbobin suna unpreentious a bayyanar da abun da ke ciki na abinci, yayin da suke bayarwa har zuwa lita 800 na madara mai mai mai yawa a kowace shekara. Ya dace da sha da kuma yin lactic acid, cuku gida da kayayyakin cuku, kayan masarufi sun ƙunshi kitse 8%.
Goran Kamaru Dwarf
Goatsanan awaki daga Kamaru sun bazu kawai a cikin ƙasarsu, har ma a cikin ƙasashen Turai da yawa saboda girman su, rikodin unpretentiousness da ingancin madara da nama. Idan kun yi imani da labarin, to a cikin Old World dwarf awaki samu a kan jirgin ruwa masunta da 'yan fashin teku. Dabbobin sun yi matukar kaifi har suka jure doguwar tafiya na tsawon watanni, ban da wadatar da matukan jirgin da madara da nama mai kyau.
A yau, sanannen shaharar dabbobi yana tallafawa ta hanyar cewa shi asalin sa ne na awaki masu kamshi. Goat nama na wannan irin ba shi da wani mummunan dadi ko ɗayan.
Alpine irin awaki
A cikin yankunan alif na ƙasashen Turai tarihi sun haɗu da nasu nau'in kiwo da nama da awaki mai kiwo. Duk waɗannan dabbobin an nuna su ta hanyar karbuwa cikin sauri zuwa sababbin yanayi, unpretentiousness, babban kayan aiki da kuma halayyar alheri na duwatsu. A farkon karni na karshe, masu shayarwa na Amurka sun kafa manufa don samar da nau'in awaki wanda ya haɗu da duk halayen kirki na al'ummomin gida mai tsayi.
Dangane da hotuna da kwatankwacin nau'ikan awakin mai, dabbobi daga Switzerland, Faransa, Italiya da sauran ƙasashe na nahiyar sun shiga cikin kasancewarta. Sakamakon haka, awaki suka sami tarin halittu masu yawa, wanda aka bayyana, alal misali, a cikin launi na motley na jariran da aka haife su ga awakin mai tsayi.
Awaki awaki
A yau, an yi awaki awaki ba kawai don madara da ulu, amma don nama. Irin waɗannan nau'ikan ana iya sanin su ta hanyar tsokoki masu tasowa, kasusuwa mafi ƙarfi. Kuma awaki, 'yan awaki, wadanda aka fitar daga Kudancin kusan shekaru dari da suka gabata, na iya zama misali.
Yawan nauyin akuya na wannan nau'in ya kai kilogiram 130, mace tana da nauyin kilogram 30-35. A bayyanar, da Boer yana da alaƙa da yawa tare da wani nau'in Afirka - awaki Anglo-Nubian.
Awaki na Boer na zamani suna da cikakke, waɗanda suka shahara da haɓakar girma da ƙarfi. Da wuya su yi rashin lafiya kuma, mafi mahimmanci, suna da nama mai daɗin gaske, ba tare da ƙaramar alamar ƙanshin halayyar ba.
Awaki launin toka
Tarihin goatan akuya na Czech ya fara ne tun kimanin ƙarni, kodayake an ba shi matsayin hukuma ne kawai a cikin 70s na ƙarni na ƙarshe. Lokacin ƙirƙirar awar Czech, masana'antun mafi kyawun nau'ikan mai tsayi sun sami rabo. Sakamakon aikin kiwo ya wuce duk tsammanin. Dabbobin wannan bishiyoyi, mai ƙanshi na awaki da sauri sake gina su daga abinci zuwa wani, na iya zama a cikin makiyaya na dogon lokaci kuma suna iya jure tsallaka mai tsawo a cikin tsaunuka.
Yankin Czech ya kai nauyin kilo 50, maza sun fi ɗaya da rabi nauyi. A cikin shekara guda, yawan amfanin da wannan akuya ya kai lita 800. A lokaci guda, madara ba ta da ƙanshin wari ko ɗanɗano kuma, tare da mai mai kusan 3.5%, yana da laushi mai laushi da babban abun ciki na lactose.
Awaki Angora
Kodayake ana ɗaukar awaki Angora ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin wakilan halittar halittar ɗabi'un, ana tamaninsu da daraja tare da wasu mashahuri iri. Wannan tsohuwar nau'ikan launuka daga Gabas ta Tsakiya, daga Turkiyya da Kurdistan. Dabbobi, sun saba da yanayin canjin yanayin tsaunin tsaunuka, an rufe su da dogon gashi mai santsi tare da gashin gashi mai nauyi. Yawan nauyin manya, ya danganta da jinsi, ya kama daga 35 zuwa 55 kg. Dukansu awaki da awaki suna da kaho.
Wool ya shahara saboda ƙarewarsa, ƙarfin fiber da ingancinsa. Babban launi shine ɗan akuya - fari. Irin wannan ulu yana da matukar mahimmanci, ko da yake zaku iya ganin launin toka, har ma da baƙi na Angora baƙi.
