Levkoy ko matthiola - waɗannan sun kasance furannin furanni waɗanda ke daɗaɗɗu a cikin iyakokin raye na lambunan sarauta, filayen filawa da kuma lambun gaba na mutane. Koyaya, salon - matar ba wai kawai ana iya canzawa ba ce, har ma tana tafiya a cikin da'irar - shahararrun waɗannan launuka kuma ta fara samun ƙarfi.
Shuke-shuke na fure na zamani na wannan aji ya ba da sunan ga Italiyanci Pietro Mattioli, fitaccen masanin ilimin botanist kuma mai warkarwa na kotu, wanda a tsakiyar karni na 16 ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙwararrun Turai a cikin ganyayyaki da furanni na ado. Ya zama godiya ga kokarinsa cewa sababbin nau'ikan tulips, daffodils da hyacinth sun bayyana. Da kyau, game da Levkoi ... Ba a san wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin ba, amma bayan wani ɗan lokaci, don tunawa da wannan fitaccen masanin kimiyya, a cikin lambar ƙirar ƙwayar cuta ta duniya, waɗannan furanni sun canza sunansu daga Leucoion (fararen fata) zuwa Matthiola.
A halin yanzu 2 ake yin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire - levok ko matthiola launin toka-gashi (Matthiola Incana) da matthiola bicorn (Matthiola Bicornis).
Farin Levka
Fiye da nau'ikan zamani 500 na hagu sune na kayan ado waɗanda ba kasada ba musamman a cikin rukuni na rukuni. Saboda da girma girma da launuka, yana yiwuwa ya yi girma-Multiredred abun da ke ciki a kan flowerbed daga gare su, wanda zai ba da yardan dadi a watan Yuni zuwa Nuwamba, kuma a cikin yankuna na kudu a cikin hunturu watanni. Dwarf nau'ikan zai zama abin ado mai ban sha'awa na shekara-shekara na kowane ciki.
Bayani na nau'ikan Botanical
Mattiola launin gashi mai launin fata (Levkoy) shine, a matsayin mai mulkin, shekara-shekara, ƙasa da kullun, tare da ciyawa, sau da yawa lignified mai tushe, wanda zai iya zama mai sauƙi ko alama. Oblong-lanceolate, ganyayyakin ovate suna shirya dabanna iya zama mai santsi ko mashin. Sakamakon launuka iri-iri - daga haske mai cike da haske zuwa inuwa mai duhu mai yawa da launuka masu kyau, abun da ke tattare da mutane daga hagu zai kalli 100 duk har tsakiyar rana.
Mattiola launin gashi mai launin toka-naɗe na dogon lokaci, yana jefa abubuwa da dama. M madaidaiciyar tserewar launin fata, da sifofi da dama iri-iri, sun kunshi fure 10-100. Goge, a cikin girke-girke, yana da sauƙi 10-30%, ragowar terry na ado ne. M furanni sun ƙunshi 4, da furanni biyu na adadi mai yawa (har 70) na fure mai sauƙi. Launi, girma da siffar goga suna multivariate. Gudun ruwa mai sauƙi yana wuce 4-5, kuma ninki biyu - har zuwa kwanaki 20. Kawai nau'in terry sun mallaki manyan halaye na ado.
Siffofin Yaduwa
Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa waɗanda suka bari su kasance masu sha'awar nerds. Mattiola launin gashi mai launin gashi - tsire-tsire ne na musamman tare da hanyar haihuwa mai ban sha'awa. Duk da cewa hakan hagu na hagu-hagu ta hanyar tsaba, mafi yawan inflorescences ne bakarare saboda lahani na furanni biyu - ba su da pistils da stamens. Wannan karfin halin halayyar terry inflorescences. Itace fure kawai mai fure 4-fure-fure ya ƙare a cikin busassun furen tare da ƙwayayen mai siffa.
Hanyar "ɗaukar ciki" kuma abune mai ban sha'awa - pollination na faruwa a cikin budaddiyar budaddiyar budurwa, kuma idan ta buɗe, sai ƙaramar ƙaho ta fantsama da asalin gicciyen 4 petals. Ba kamar sauran nau'in matthiol ba, cutar kuturta tana riƙe da ƙwayar tsiro mai yawa (har zuwa shekaru 6).
Don shirya kai na kayan iri, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da daidaituwa tsakanin sauki da mai hagu - 10-30% zuwa 90-70%. Nasa za'ayi a matakai 2:
- A mataki na tara iri, siffofin masu sauki zasu yi girma daga koda kwafsoshi masu yawa, kuma nau'ikan terry zasuyi girma daga murguda ko gajere, mai walwala, mara dadi, gungumen da aka matse har zuwa ciyawar. A ƙarshen Satumba, lokacin da farfajiyar suka zama launin ruwan kasa, ya zama dole a cire duka tsire-tsire kuma a bushe su a cikin ɗakin da ke iska. Bayan pans din ya bushe gaba daya, sai suka fasa suka girgiza iri.
- Lokacin girma seedlings - sanya tsire-tsire na kwana biyu a cikin daki mai t 6-8 ℃. A cikin tsire-tsire na terry, ganye cotyledonous zasu juya haske kore, kuma a cikin tsire-tsire masu sauƙi, zasu zama kore mai duhu.
Zamanin shuka
Lokacin zabar kayan gona don namo, dole ne a tuna cewa hagu, dangane da tsawon lokacin zagayowar ci gaban, an kasu kashi uku kuma ana buƙatar tsarin mutum.
| Kundin Digiri | Lokacin sauka | Wurin girma | Farkon fure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hutun bazara (var. Annua) | Maris - Afrilu (seedlings), ƙarshen Afrilu (a cikin ƙasa bude) | bude ƙasa | Yuni - Yuli |
| Autumn (var. Autumnalis) | ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu | bude ƙasa | ƙarshen bazara |
| Hunturu (var. Hibema) | Yuni - Yuli | gidan shinkafa, gidan gona, gida | bazara |
Categoriesan nau'ikan kaka da na hunturu a tsakiyar layi a bude ƙasa ba hunturuSabili da haka, ana horar da tsayi nau'in don distillation da yankan, kuma ba a ɓoye don gida girma a cikin tukwane. Levkoy, wanda aka shuka a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, blooms da yawa daga baya fiye da seedlings.
Saukowa daga waje
Don levkoy, loamy da yashi mai ƙasa tare da ɗan alkaline kaɗan ko tsaka tsaki ph. Yakamata a haskaka wurin da kyau kuma a kwashe shi. Don guje wa kamuwa da cuta da ƙyallen kumburin kumburi, ku guji wuraren da tsirrai ke tsiro kafin su, ko kafin a yi shuka bi da ƙasa tare da Hom. Ta hanyar biyan waɗannan buƙatun, zaku sauƙaƙe ƙarin kula da tsirrai.
Lokacin da aka shuka iri a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, an zuba yashi a cikin babban tsagi. Bayan fitar da tsaba, thinning ya zama dole:
- A mataki na ganyen cotyledonary biyu - nisan da ke tsakanin tsiran yakamata ya zama 8-10 cm.
- A lokaci na 4-5 na wannan takardar. Sakamakon na biyu (wani lokacin na uku) thinning, nisan da ke tsakanin tsire-tsire guda ɗaya ya kamata ya kasance daga 15 zuwa 20 cm, kuma tsakanin ingarma ko pyramidal sama da 25-30 cm. Kada a kashe waɗanda suke hagu da hagu ", sai a watsa su da dunƙule na dunƙule zuwa wurin da ba komai. .
Hanyar seedling
Kafin dasa shuki, ana iya dasa ƙwayoyin Leukkoy cikin ruwa har sai sun yi kumburi (kamar kwana ɗaya). Sa'an nan, a nannade cikin damp zane, stratify na kwanaki da yawa a cikin injin daskarewa. Ana buƙatar ƙananan kwantena don shuka tare da tattalin ƙasa cakuda turf da yashi - 3: 1. Ba shi yiwuwa a ɗauki ƙasa daga wurin da tsire-tsire ke tsiro - tsire-tsire za su yi rashin lafiya tare da ƙafar fata ko ƙwalƙwalwar baƙar fata.
Lokacin dasawa, ya zama dole ayi ƙoƙarin shuka iri a cikin zurfin zurfi kuma zuwa zurfin da bai wuce cm 0 ba. An rufe akwatin da fim kuma sanya shi cikin duhu mai duhu tare da t = 22-25 ℃. Tsarin germin na kwanaki 4-5, watakila har zuwa makonni 2. Da zaran sprouts sun bayyana, dole ne a cire fim ɗin kuma sanya akwatin a ƙarƙashin hasken da ke warwatse mai haske a cikin ɗaki mai ƙarancin zafin jiki zuwa 10-12 ℃. An fara shayarwa na farko na tsire-tsire kwanaki 2-3 bayan tsiro.
Bayan kwanaki 10-12 daga bayyanar tsiro, seedlingsan itacen ya nutse cikin cassettes tare da cakuda yashi (1), ganyen ƙasa (2) da turf (2). Kada ku kula da gaskiyar cewa tsire-tsire ba su bayyana ganye na ainihi ba. A yayin nutsewa, yana da kyawawa ƙarfafa tushen tsarin ta kowane hanya na zamani, kuma lokacin da ganye na biyu na gaskiya na farko suka bayyana, ciyar da maganin mai guda tare da microdoses: sulfate jan karfe (0.3 g), mangaese sulfate (0.3 g), zinc (0.1 g), boric acid (0 , 3 g).
Makonni biyu kafin yin jigilar su a cikin ƙasa, suna gudanarwa, sannu a hankali suna haɓaka lokaci, hanyoyin hardening.
Dasa dasa shuki a buɗe ya kamata a aiwatar bayan 15 ga Mayu. Kada ku ji tsoron sake dawowar dusar ƙanƙara - waɗanda aka bari a hagu zasu jure wa irin waɗannan matsalolin. Don ingantacciyar rayuwa, ana shuka tsire-tsire matasa a cikin ramuka na ƙura, cike da ambaliya da ruwa. Bayan an cika ramuka - a hankali aka haɗa ƙasa. Matsakaici tsakanin tsirrai da tsirrai guda-15 shine 15x15 ko 20x20 cm; don tsayi da nau'ikan furanni - 25x25 ko 30x30 cm.
Iri daban-daban
A gaban duk wanda yake son jin daɗi ba kawai warin ba, har ma da kyawawan fure na fure, zai zama zaɓi mai wahala. Kuma a nan ba kawai zaɓi na shuka ba ne ko launi na ganye da furanni. Kiwo na zamani kuma yana ba da kyauta 8 daban-daban siffofin inflorescences.
Mattiola - Sihirin warin da ba za'a iya musantawa ba
Wani nau'in matthiola - bicorn, an girma ba don "kallo" ba, amma don "ƙanshi". Nondescript furanni masu fure a cikin walƙiya mai ban sha'awa ƙanshi daga faɗuwar rana zuwa fitowar rana.
Zaɓin wannan nau'in yana nufin haɓaka da launuka daban-daban na ƙanshin ƙanshi. Sabili da haka, Mattiola bicorn shine, a matsayin mai mulkin, ƙaƙƙarfan doka daji na shekara daga 40 zuwa 50 cm tsayi tare da layi na kore kore serrated ganye. Ana kafa tsaba a cikin kwalin da ke ƙare da ƙaho 2. Tsaba na cutar kuturta ta riƙe germination har zuwa shekaru 3. Ka'idojin dasa shuki da kulawa basu banbanta da masu launin launin toka-mata.
Levkoy da Mattiola suna kulawa
Abun violet na dare ba mai tashin hankali bane, amma har yanzu yana buƙatar kulawa ta dace kuma na yau da kullun:
- daidaita watering - da za'ayi a cikin dace lokaci, tun da furanni ba zai iya tsayar da ruwa da fari;
- kayan miya na saman ma'adinai - a cikin goyon bayan bazara ya zama dole tare da cikakken taki ma'adinai, da kuma lokacin fure - potassium-phosphorus.
- yi yaƙi da ƙwallon kisa - bayan ganowa, yakamata a yi sau 3 (tare da katsewa na kwanaki 4-5), a kowane bangare, sarrafa ganyen tare da maganin ash ko maganin kwari na musamman;
- lalata ciyawa da kwance ƙasa - ana aiwatar da shi bayan kowace ruwan sama ko shayarwa don cikakken tushen "numfashi";
- mulching - matthiols suna son irin wannan kulawa, musamman ma a cikin zafi, amma ba sa bukatar hakan tsawon shekaru a cikin dasa;
- shirye-shiryen hunturu - ana jan tsire-tsire a tsakiyar layin, an haye shafin kuma an hado shi, kuma a yankuna na kudanci an sare matthiols zuwa matakin ƙasa.
Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, Mattiolu ana iya juyawa cikin tukunya da kuma ci gaba da girma a gida. Itaciyar daji mai matthiola da aka ƙaunace ta da ƙanshinta mai ban sha'awa zai ba da jin daɗi a cikin dogon lokacin hunturu kuma bazai buƙatar kulawa da hankali ba.
"Yazo," yana tashi daga gwiwoyi har zuwa gwiwar hannu, kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya zama nauyi, kamar dai har ya kai ga mafi girman lokaci, ƙanshin bacci na matthiol. B. Pasternak.
