Miscanthus (Miscanthus), wanda kuma ana kiranta fan, yana da alaƙa da kusanci da sukari kuma yana da alaƙa kai tsaye ga asalin tsirowar tsire-tsire na gidan bluegrass (hatsi). A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana iya samun irin wannan tsiro a cikin yankuna masu zafi da ƙasashe na Australia, Asiya da Afirka. Wannan Halittar ya haɗu da kusan nau'ikan 40. A cikin lambu, irin wannan hatsi na ornamental yana da mashahuri. A cikin zane zane mai faɗi, ana yin miscanthus tare da lawns da tafkunan na ado, kuma wannan hatsi yana da mahimmanci a cikin ƙirƙirar bushe fure na fure.
Fasalin Miscanthus
Miscanthus shine tsiro na zamani, kuma a tsayi zai iya kaiwa daga mita 0.8 zuwa 2. Tsatsar tsaran sa a cikin wasu yanayi ya kai zurfin mita shida. Mai tushe. Yankin fata, faranti-faranti-faranti yana daga sentimita 0.5 zuwa 1.8. Abun da yadudduka masu launin fanke, suna da tsawon santimita 10-30, sun haɗa da spikelets. An bambanta irin wannan tsiro ta hanyar unpretentiousness, juriya da aminci muhalli. Wannan hatsi na ado kuma ana amfani dashi azaman mai don tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi, tunda lokacin da aka ƙone, ana fitar da dimbin makamashi, kuma ana haifar da ƙanƙan ƙanƙan wuta, saboda albarkatun ƙasa sun ƙunshi ɗan adadin danshi.
Miscanthus dasa a cikin ƙasa bude
Wani lokaci don shuka
Ya kamata a dasa Miscanthus a cikin bazara bayan ƙasa ta warmo sosai (daga kwanakin ƙarshe na Maris zuwa rabin na biyu na Mayu). Wannan hatsi na zazzabi ne, saboda haka, don saukowarsa ya zama tilas a zaɓi wuraren da ke da ruwa, waɗanda ke da kariya daga iska mai sanyi. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar isasshen ruwa, saboda haka ƙasa mai gina jiki mai ƙasa da ke cikin yankin tsibirin ya fi dacewa da su. Miscanthus baya gabatar da buƙatu na musamman akan ƙasa, amma akan yumɓu mai nauyi da yashi ya girma kuma yana haɓaka da talauci.
Yadda ake shuka
Don dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar siyan seedlingsan girma seedlings a cikin shagon musamman. Gaskiyar ita ce, wannan hatsi yana da tsawon lokaci tsawon girma na aiki. Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa irin wannan shuka yana farawa ne kawai bayan iska ta yi zafi har zuwa digiri 25. A wannan batun, idan ka dasa matasa seedling, to, ya kawai ba shi da isasshen lokaci kafin a fara sanyi don samun saba da shirya domin wintering. Tsararren seedling zai iya yin haƙuri har ma da lokacin sanyi, idan an ba shi kyakkyawan tsari. Thearar ramin don dasa ya zama ya fi girma girma fiye da girman tushen tsarin seedling. Da farko, ana zuba wani yanki na ƙasa mai gina jiki a cikin ramin, sannan an sanya seedling a ciki. Ramin ya cika da ƙasa, yayin da yake haɗa ta akai-akai don babu ɓarna. Dole ne a shayar da shuka da ya dasa sosai.
Miscanthus kulawa a cikin lambu
Miscanthus yana buƙatar shayarwar lokaci, in ba haka ba yana iya bushe da sauri. Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman don shayar da wannan hatsi a cikin lokacin bushe da sultry. Irin wannan shuka ana bada shawarar yin amfani da ruwa daga tiyo, yayin da yakamata ya kasance mai yawa. Don hatsi na ornamental don haɓaka da haɓaka kullun, yana buƙatar sutturar rigakafi na yau da kullun, wanda dole ne ya kasance matsakaici, alal misali, adadin wuce haddi na nitrogen na iya haifar da masauki na ɓarna. Tsarin hatsi ba su ciyar da shekarar farko. Sa'an nan, a tsakiyar Mayu, ana amfani da takin ruwa tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen (alal misali, maganin urea). A farkon rabin lokacin bazara, tsire-tsire za su buƙaci yin shayarwa tare da humates, kuma a cikin kashi na biyu - ana amfani da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium ga ƙasa. Hakanan, shuka zai buƙaci ingantaccen sako don aƙalla shekaru biyu a jere, to, zai yi ƙarfi kuma ya girma sosai, don haka ciyawar ciyawar a shafin zai daina girma da kansa. Nemo farfajiyar ƙasa a yankin tare da Miscanthus ba a buƙatar.
Ya kamata kuma a san cewa wannan hatsi tsiro ne mai matukar tayar da hankali, wanda zai iya girma ya tsira da wasu furanni. Sabili da haka, koda lokacin dasawa, dole ne a sanya takunkumi na musamman, saboda wannan, ana amfani da limiters, wanda zai iya zama yanki na kwance ko zanen baƙin ƙarfe. Ya kamata a haƙa ko'ina cikin shafin yanar gizon, yayin da yakamata a sami gibba da gibba. Yakamata a tona masu ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙasa da 0.2 m zurfin, kuma yakamata su tashi game da santimita 10 sama da ƙasa, wanda zai hana Tushen tsiro daga “tsallake” iyakar.
Akwai wasu nau'ikan da wanda a ƙarshen lokacin bazara ya fara ɓace faranti na ganye waɗanda ke ƙasa, daga abin da aka rage raguwar ƙwaryar wannan hatsi. Don ƙananan ɓangaren "m" na Miscanthus ba zai zama mai ɗaukar hankali ba, ana ba da shawarar shuka a cikin kusancinsa babban rundunar (daga mita 0.5 zuwa 0.6), wanda ke haɓaka sosai a cikin ƙasa mai laushi sosai.
Kusan kowane ɗan lambu zai iya jurewa da dasa Miscanthus, tare da narkar da shi, kuma wannan hatsi tabbas zai zama babban kayan ado na kowane lambu.
Miscanthus kiwo
Irin wannan shuka yana jujjuya cutar ba ta hanyar ƙaura ba, amma bayan wani lokaci a tsakiyar ɓangaren daji tsohuwar mai tushe ta fara mutuwa, sabili da haka lambu yana tunani game da dasawa da Miscanthus. A matsayinka na mai mulki, tare da dasawa, ana shuka shuka ta hanyar rarraba daji. An bayar da shawarar rabuwa a cikin bazara ko bazara. Ya kamata a sani cewa dole ne a yi irin wannan tsari sosai a hankali, saboda maido da wannan hatsi bayan rarrabe yana faruwa sosai da zafi.
Hakanan za'a iya girma daga Miscanthus daga tsaba. Tsaba basa buƙatar shirya kafin shuka, amma idan kun zaɓi wannan hanyar yaduwa, ya kamata kuyi la'akari da cewa zakuyi haƙuri. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa irin wannan hatsi da aka shuka daga zuriya ya kai kololuwar ƙawatarta sau 3 ko 4 bayan shuka. Shuka tsaba bada shawarar a cikin mutum peat tukwane, kuma bayan kasar gona dumama da kyau a cikin bazara, miscanthus seedlings za a iya transplanted cikin bude ƙasa. Koyaya, yakamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa tsire-tsire girma daga tsaba basu iya kula da halaye iri-iri.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Irin wannan tsire-tsire yana da tsayayyar ƙarfin juriya ga yawancin cututtuka da kwari masu cutarwa.
Miscanthus bayan fure
Akwai nau'ikan miscanthus waɗanda ke da sanyi mai sanyi, in ba haka ba kawai suna buƙatar kyakkyawan tsari don hunturu. Idan ka shuka irin nau'in hatsi irin mai taushi, to lallai zaka iya samar dashi da kariya daga sanyi da kuma canjin yanayi kwatsam. A cikin yanayin yayin da sannu a hankali ya yi sanyi a kan titi, hatsi na iya samun lokaci don daidaitawa, amma idan sanyi ba shi da tsammani, to, bushes a cikin mafi yawan lokuta suna mutuwa. Don kare irin wannan tsire-tsire na ornamental, ya zama dole don rufe bushes tare da fim, sanya shi tare da bukka, yayin da iska dole ne ya gudana daga sassan gefe a ƙarƙashin tsari. Sannan a saman fim ɗin ana buƙatar shigar da garkuwar itace 2 a cikin bukka guda. Koyaya, kafin rufe miscanthus, ya zama dole don rufe yankin da ya girma, rufe shi da wani yanki mai kauri na ciyawa, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman kowane ƙasa mai kwance.
Iri da nau'ikan Miscanthus tare da hotuna da sunaye
Miscanthus giant (Miscanthus giganteus)
Wannan nau'in ya dade yana noma ta hanyar lambu, kuma masana sun yi imani da cewa ita ce hadadden gauraye, amma ba wanda ya san yadda abin ya faru. Harbe mai tsayi na iya kaiwa ga tsinkaye zuwa 300 santimita. Rubutun faranti na ganye kusan m 0.25. An fentin duhu kore tare da farin gudana yana gudana ta tsakiyar jijiya. Daga hanyar tserewa, ganye suna rarrabewa ta fuskoki daban-daban, waɗanda suka yi kama da babban maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Ana lura da ruwa a ƙarshen lokacin bazara, yayin da filayen ruwan hoda masu haske suka bayyana, suna samun launi mai tsabta na tsawon lokaci. Idan lokacin bazara yayi sanyi a yankin, to Miscanthus na iya bazuwa kwata-kwata. Sau da yawa, ana shuka wannan nau'in a matsayin magana a bango. Ya kamata a lura cewa a ƙarshen lokacin bazara, ƙananan ganyayyaki sun shuɗe a cikin sa, a wannan batun, ƙananan ɓangaren miscanthus ɗin zai buƙaci rufe shi.
Miscanthus na Sinanci (Miscanthus sinensis)
A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana iya samun wannan nau'in a Koriya, Rasha, China, da Japan. Wannan perennial shine hatsi tare da daji kwance. Yana da rhizome mai gajeru, kuma kafaɗun harbe a tsayi zasu iya kaiwa kimanin santimita 300. M, faranti masu layin layin ƙasa suna da faɗin kusan milimita 15; haƙarƙari mai ƙarfi yana gudana a tsakiyar jijiyar. A lokacin furanni, fure mai-fure mai haske, wanda a cikin tsayi zai iya kai santimita 0.7, yayin da suke ɓangaren ɓoyayyen abubuwa. An horar da shi tun 1875. Ba ya bambanta a cikin juriya mai sanyi, a wannan batun, kawai yana buƙatar mafaka ta bushe, kuma a cikin hunturu bai kamata ka manta da yayyafa yankin tare da lokacin farin ciki na ciyawa ba. Wannan nau'in ya fi shahara tsakanin 'yan lambu kuma kusan sanannun nau'ikan 100 an san su, suna bambanta cikin sifa da launi na inflorescences, kazalika da sifa da girman daji da kanta. Waɗannan sun haɗa da nau'ikan sanyi da sanyi da waɗanda suka fi son girma cikin yanayin dumin yanayi.
Iri:
- Blondo. A tsayi, zai iya kaiwa santimita 200. Yana da sanyi-isasshen isa; ba a bukatar tsari a lokacin hunturu.
- Variegatus. A tsayi, daji mai yawa zai iya kaiwa santimita 150 kawai. Akan faranti kuma akwai launuka masu launin fari na fari.
- Miscanthus Zebrinus (a wasu halaye, ana kiransu miscanthus Zebrina). Iean daji da ke canzawa a kan ruwan fure na ganye suna da rawaya masu launin rawaya waɗanda suke da jujjuyawa.
- Ferner Austin. A tsayi, daji zai iya kaiwa santimita 150. A kan faranti masu launin ganye mai santsi tare da tsakiyar jijiya akwai farin tsiri, wanda a cikin kaka ya zama ja-ja. A watan Agusta, dunkulalliyar nau'ikan fan-nau'i mai launin shuɗi mai launin fari tare da fararen fata masu yalwatuwa, suna wucewa lokacin da suke canza launinsu zuwa azaman tagulla.
- Hasken safe. Kyakkyawan daji, baya da tsayi daji yana da faranti ganye tare da farin datti. Ana lura da yawo sosai ba dare ba rana.
- Tsayayye. A daji ya kai tsawo na 2.7 mita, da nisa daga cikakken launi na variegated ganye faranti ne game 15 mm. A kan ganyayyaki, kore da kuma farin-ratsi farare suna shirya daban, sako-sako da panicles kunshi monoflowered kodadde ja spikelets.
Miscanthus sacchariforum, ko sacchariflora (Miscanthus sacchariflonis)
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, ana iya haɗuwa da shi a cikin Russia a cikin wuraren rigar daga kudu na Primorsky Krai zuwa Yankin Amur, har ma a China, Korea da Japan. A tsayi, daji tare da dandajan harbe zai iya kaiwa santimita 200. Fenti mai launin layin fure ana fentin su da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, suna da faɗin santimita rabin da tsawonsu game da 0.6 m. Areanfuttukan suna da tsawo 0.25 m, kuma suna fenti fari ko ruwan hoda-azurfa. Wannan nau'in thermophilic, sabili da haka, ciyawar sa ta fara a ƙarshen lokacin bazara, duk da haka, duk lokacin girmanta yana halin babban ƙarfi. Flow ya fara a cikin Yuli, kuma irin wannan hatsi yana iya ci gaba da bayyanar da kayan ado har zuwa watan Oktoba. Yana da isasshen sanyi mai tsaurin sanyi, ba a buƙatar tsari don hunturu, amma ya fi kyau ciyawa yankin idan akwai lokacin hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara. Mafi kyawun tsari shine Robustus, daji yana ɗan ɗan girma fiye da na babban shuka.
