Noble Laurel - wata bishiya ce mai alaƙa da ke da alaƙa da tsohuwar Girka, tare da sifa irin ta almara ta tsohuwar allah Apollo, wacce alama ce ta kyakkyawa ta maza. Kuma laurel shine ɗayan shahararrun kayan ƙanshi, waɗanda ake amfani dasu a duk duniya wajen dafa abinci da adana su. A cikin magungunan mutane ta amfani da madaidaiciya na laurel, an shirya tinctures, shafa da gogewa da kyau a kan cututtukan da yawa. Muna girma laurels duka a gonar (a cikin yankuna na kudu) da kuma a ɗaka. Wannan labarin zai faɗi game da fasalin girma na laurel da amfanin sa a magani da dafa abinci.
Laurel daraja
Laurel shuka a cikin tarihi, almara da almara
Shahararren Ovid a cikin "Metamorphoses" ya gaya mana cewa Apollo, wanda ke zaune a cikin mutane, ya ƙaunaci ƙawanin Daphne kuma yana bin ta koyaushe. Bayan sau ɗaya, bayan ya ci nasara kan macijin, Python, Apollo ya sadu da ƙaramin Allah na ƙauna Eros tare da baka da kibiya ya yi masa dariya: "Me ya sa ka, dan, baka da kibiyoyi? Shin kana tsammanin za ka iya zarra ni ta hanyar harbi?" Wannan izgili da ya yi wa Eros laifi, ya tura kibiyoyi biyu cikin ramuwar gayya. Na farko, kibiyar ƙauna, ta soki Apollo, na biyu kuma - ƙaunar kisan - ta bugi Daphne.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, Daphne koyaushe yana tserewa daga Apollo. Babu dabaru da suka taimaka masa. Saboda jin daɗin wahala, zalunci na har abada, Daphne ya juya ga mahaifinsa Peeneus da ƙasa don ɗaukar hotonta daga gare ta. Bayan waɗannan kalmomin, sai ya juya zuwa daji mai laurel (yana da sha'awar cewa a cikin Rasha har zuwa karni na XVIII ana kiran ganyen bay “daphnia” (“laurel” a cikin Helenanci - “daphne”).) Abun baƙin ciki Apollo tun daga nan ya fara sanya fararen fata na har abada
A Girka, an yi wa gidaje ado da ganyen bay domin sanyaya ɗakin. An sanya rassan Laurel a cikin katifa don mafarkin annabci ya iya yin mafarki. An yi imani da cewa laurel yana tsiro daga walƙiya. Don haka, gaskiyar an san cewa mai mulkin Rome Roman Tiberius yayin tsawa yana saka rigar ado da ke kwance a ƙarƙashin gado.
Laurel daraja (Laurus nobilis) - taƙaƙƙen itace ko shrub, jinsin halittar Laurus (Laurus) Iyalin Laurel.
Reshen laurel, kamar busasshiyar laurel, ana ɗauka alama alama ce ta ɗaukaka, nasara da zaman lafiya. Daga sunan wannan shuka ya zo:
- Suna: Laurel, Lawrence, Laura, Lorentz;
- Kalmar "laureate" ma'ana "lashe tare da laurel";
- Bayanin Magana: "girbi laurels" - yi amfani da 'ya'yan itaciyar nasarar ku, "ku huta a kan lamuran ku" - dakatar da ƙoƙarin neman ƙarin nasarorin, jin daɗin samun nasarorin.
An dauki laurel itace mai alfarma, adon laurels ya kawata shugabannin masu cin nasara a tsohuwar Girka. Ana amfani da ganyen ganyen ƙoshin lafiya a duk duniya a matsayin kayan yaji.
Bayanin kyawawan laurel
Wurin haihuwar kyakkyawan laurel shine Rum. A kan ƙasar Rasha ke tsiro a cikin kudu maso yamma na Krasnodar Territory. Itataccen bishiyar bishiil mai laurel har zuwa 8-10 m, amma kuma yana iya zama itace mai kama da itace. Wasu lokuta a cikin gandun daji akwai bishiyoyi har zuwa 18 m.
Bishiyar itace har zuwa 40 cm a diamita tare da haushi mai launin toka. Wani kambi mai yawa, yawanci na siffar dala. Ganyayyaki akan gajerun petioles, mai sauƙi, mai sauƙin canzawa, mai launin fata, mai haske, mai kauri, yana da kamannin tsohuwa, ya nuna sama, da kunkuntar gindin. Su masu duhu kore a sama, kuma wuta a ƙasa, tare da bayyane bayyane akwai wuraren shakatawa, dan kadan wavy gefen. Suna da ƙ warin halayyar mai ƙarfi.
Laurel daraja
Laurel tsire ne mai ɗanɗano furanni kuma furanni masu kishi ne. A kan wasu bishiyoyi, ana tattara ƙananan furanni masu ƙarfi a cikin juzu'ai na katako na 6-12 inji mai kwakwalwa, perarshen su mai sauƙi ne, kamannin kofin, na huɗu-mai launin shuɗi ko fari. A kan wasu bishiyoyi, furannin pistillate kawai, waɗanda ma ƙanana ne fiye da furanni masu ɗorewa, ana tattara su 2-3 cikin axils na ganye. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - baƙar fata-shuɗi, mai laushi, drupes mai ƙanshi har zuwa 2 cm tsayi, tsallake ko sikeli a cikin sifa, tare da babban kashi. Yana fure a cikin Maris-Afrilu, kuma 'ya'yan itãcen sun girma a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba.
Ba a shakkar darajar ganyen bay, tunda yana ƙunshe da man fetur mai mahimmanci (4.5%), cineole, acetic, valerianic, caproic acid. A cikin ganye, akwai pinene, geraniol, eugenol. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da ganyayyaki suna ɗauke da tannins, haushi.
Ana amfani dashi don magance cholecystitis na kullum, cholelithiasis. Abubuwan cin abinci na ganyen bay suna inganta narkewa, haɓaka ci, suna da amfani mai amfani ga gabobin da yawa. Daga ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni suna samun man mai mahimmanci ga masana'antar abinci. Anyi amfani da wani bangare a masana'antar kamfani da sabulu.
Yin amfani da ganye na bay a dafa abinci
Ganyen Bay yana da ƙanshi mara wari da dandano mai ɗaci. A matsayin ɗan yaji, ganye (bushe da kore), ,a fruitsan itace da foda da aka yi daga ganyayyaki mai bushe, kazalika da briquettes, wanda a wasu lokuta ake matse foda. Ana amfani dashi sosai a dafa abinci da canning.
Wani lokaci ana kiran ganye da ganye a ƙanshi, saboda haka ana amfani dashi koyaushe. Yana ennobles da aromas da farko acidic jita-jita (a biredi, miya). Itara shi a cikin jita-jita na farko - miya (nama, kayan lambu, kifi, da sauransu), miyan kabeji, borscht. Ganyen bayya yana ba da damar zuwa sakandare na rago, naman sa, naman alade, haɗe tare da dafaffen kifi da stewed. Ya dace da kayan abinci na kayan lambu daga wake, Peas, wake, kabeji, karas.
Bay ganye, ba kamar sauran kayan yaji ba, ana iya ƙara 5 mintuna kafin dafa abinci a farko da mintuna 7-10 a cikin karatun na biyu. Alamomin alamar littafi sune ganyen 1-2 zuwa 3-4 akan abinci. Bayan sanya kayan ƙanshi, an rufe murfi, an cire takardar daga kwanar da aka gama.
Bay ganye - ƙwararrun kayan yaji don daidaita dandano da ƙanshin jelly, jita-jita na ƙasa. Ana amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar abinci don kera cuku, sausages, pastes, stews, biredi, marinades, don kayan kifi, don shirye-shiryen mayonnaise, ketchup, da dai sauransu Yana cikin ɓangarorin cakuda mai yaji da yawa: Hops Suneli, Garni Bouquet "da sauransu
A cikin canning na gida, ana amfani dashi musamman ma lokacin da tumatir, tumatir, squash, beets, kabeji, wake, namomin kaza. A hade tare da wasu kayan ƙanshi da kayan ƙanshi, yana ba da marinade mai daɗin ɗanɗano mai daɗin ɗanɗano da ƙanshi mai daɗaɗa. Suna kuma amfani da shi a cikin kayan ɗorawa, inda yake yin wani aiki dabam dabam, suna bawa samfurin ɗanɗano mai laushi.
A Yammacin Turai, al'adar ƙara bayyen ganye a wasu nau'ikan ɓarke a lokacin canning kuma zuwa wasu jita-jita masu dadi, abubuwan sha da kayan masarufi a dafa abinci an kiyaye su.
Girma laurel daraja
Laurel yana jin daɗi sosai a wuraren da aka kunna, amma zai iya jure yanayin haske. Yana yarda da rage zafin jiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa digiri na 10-12 na sanyi. Yana jure wa fari kuma ba ya da yawa game da kasa. Tsarin takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai yana da tasiri kan haɓaka da haɓakar laurel. A matsayin al'adun masana'antu, laurel ya girma a wuri guda kusan shekaru 60.
A kan tsire-tsire, an girma laurels a yankuna marassa iyaka, inda ƙaramin zafin jiki baya saukar da ƙasa da digiri 12. Kafin shuka iri, an dasa ƙasa zuwa zurfin 40-45 cm. Ana amfani da takin gargajiya (4-6 kg / m²) da ma'adinai (a cikin cikakken kashi) takin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin ciyawa. Bayan wannan, maƙarƙashiyar an lalata ta har zuwa sau biyu. Ana shuka daskarewa a cikin kaka ko farkon bazara tare da gibba tsakanin layuka na 1-2 m, tare da gibba tsakanin tsirrai 1-1.5.
A kan tsire-tsire, ana kula da laurel ta hanyar weeding, namo, shayarwa da sarrafa kwaro. Hakanan za'a iya girma Laurel a gida.
An tattara ganyayyaki daga laurel daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu daga bishiyoyi waɗanda suka kai shekaru uku zuwa huɗu. Yanke rassan tare da ganye kuma bushe tsawon kwana bakwai zuwa goma a cikin inuwa. Sannan a cire ganyen, ana jera su da jaka, wanda aka ajiye su a ɗakunan bushe. Don samun man mai mahimmanci, ana aika ganye don sarrafa sabo.
Farfagandar da laurel ta sare
Laurel yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, yanka da saka filayen. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce yaduwa ta hanyar katako mai raba raga. Ana yin yankan laurel a lokacin bazara (Maris-Afrilu) ko a lokacin rani (Yuni-Yuli). Don girbi cuttings ta amfani da shekara-shekara (balaga, amma ba lignified) harbe na Laure. Yanke (6-8 cm tsayi, tare da internodes uku), waɗanda aka ɗauka daga tsakiya ko ƙananan ɓangarorin harbe na daji mai laurel, an yanke su a cikin ɓoye a ƙarƙashin kumburi na uku. An cire takardar ƙasa, manyan kuma an yanke su biyu.
Laurel daraja
Ana amfani da m yashi, ko cakuda daskararre da yashi, ko turf ƙasa da yashi za a iya amfani da shi azaman madadin tushen tushen laurel: ana zubar da magudanar ruwa a tukunya, sannan wani yanki na ƙasar turf (kimanin 4 cm), da kuma yashi (kamar 3 cm) a saman. moisturize da shuka iri zuwa zurfin 1-1.5 cm.
Tushen bishiyoyi suna faruwa da kyau a cikin "jakar shinkafa", ko a cikin gurnani, ko ƙarƙashin gilashin gilashi. Yanke don tushen tushe da sauri ana feshi sosai kuma ana iska yau da kullun. A zazzabi da abun ciki na cutan na digiri 16-20, suna ɗaukar tushe cikin kusan wata guda.
Sake bugun tsaba
Dasa kayan yana girma daga tsaba a cikin keɓaɓɓen ƙwayoyi ko kuma ana shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. Abubuwan da aka girbe daga bishiyun na musamman da sauri suna rasa ƙarfin haɓakar su, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake shuka su nan da nan bayan girbi a cikin kaka zuwa zurfin 4-5 cm. Lokacin da aka bayyana seedlings, tsire-tsire suna fitar da nesa daga nesa na 6-8 cm
Abubuwan Laurel suna da girma, m a siffar, har zuwa 2 cm tsayi, tare da membrane na bakin ciki wanda ke hana su bushewa da bushewa. Abubuwan kyawawan laurel, kamar dukkan laurel, basa jure bushewa kuma suna iya kiyayewa kawai don watanni 3-5, idan an adana shi a cikin dakin sanyi, damɓa.
Kafin shuka tsaba, dole ne su sami 'yanci daga harsashi, in ba haka ba za su yi tsiro na dogon lokaci. Zai fi kyau shuka shi kai tsaye a cikin tukwane dabam tare da damar aƙalla lita ɗaya ko a cikin ƙasa, kai tsaye zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. Tsaba suna girma daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta. Hakanan yana faruwa cewa ɗayan tsaba na iya fara yin shuka a cikin Janairu, amma, idan tsananin sanyi yajin aiki, irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin yawanci suna mutuwa.
Haɓaka laurel a ɗaka
Zai fi kyau ci gaba da tsire-tsire a cikin ɗakuna a cikin hunturu a zazzabi na kimanin digiri 10 Celsius, yayin da a cikin bazara ana shuka shuka mafi kyau a waje. A cikin shekarar farko, shuki ya yi kyau ba tare da kayan miya ba, amma farawa daga shekara ta biyu na namo, zaku iya amfani da takin zamani na ma'adinin a cikin hanyar samar da mafita a cikin kananan allurai. Laurel yana da juriya da nau'ikan ƙasa, ba ya haƙuri kawai rigar.
Tun da ka girma laurel a gida, zaka sami kyakkyawan shuka mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa. Kuma kuma, da damar da kaina shirya wannan ban mamaki yaji - bay ganye.
Laurel a cikin magungunan jama'a
Jiko na bay ganye: daga 1 kofin ruwan zãfi 2 tbsp. l takardar da aka murƙushe, nace 1-2 hours, rufe zafi, iri. Idan fitarwa daga kunne, kurkura sassan kunne kuma tono a cikin kunne dumin jiko na bay. Bayan instillation, rufe murfin kunne tare da swab auduga. Ana yin aikin sau 2-3 a rana ko sau 1 - da dare.
Jiko na ganyen ganye: daga 300 ml na ruwan zãfi 5 g na ganye mai yaushi, nace a cikin thermos na tsawon awanni 3, zuriya ta hanyar yadudduka na 2-3, kawo ƙara zuwa asalin. Oauki a baka tare da jin zafi a cikin karamin sips duka kashi na awa 12. Takaddun magani shine kwana 2.
Laurel daraja
Jiko na ganyen ganye: Zuba tabarau 3 na ruwan zãfi tare da ganyen tsabta 10 na laurel, nace don 2 hours a cikin thermos, iri. Regularlyauki kullun 1/2 kofin sau 3 a rana don ciwon sukari.
Laurel ganye adon: daga 300 ml na ruwan zãfi 5 g of bay ganye, tafasa a kan ƙarancin zafi ko a cikin wanka na ruwa na mintina 5, nace a cikin thermos na 4-5 hours, iri. Sha daffen broth a cikin karamin sips na sa'o'i 12 don tsabtace gidajen abinci. Maimaita hanya don kwanaki 3. Bayan sati daya - maimaita wata kwana 3. A ranakun jiyya, kawai masu cin ganyayyaki kawai. Yakamata a tsabtace gidajen abinci don shekara ta farko akan kwata-kwata, to sau daya a shekara kuma koyaushe bayan tsarkakewar hanji. Idan ba a yin hakan ba, hanjin da ba shi da tsabta a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ganyen ganyen bay na iya zama tushen gurɓatattun jijiyoyi.
Laurel ganye tincture: Zuba 0.5 lita vodka cikin 1 kofin yankakken bay ganye da kuma infuse na kwanaki 14 a cikin duhu, wurin dumi, lokaci-lokaci girgiza da abinda ke ciki, to, iri. 1auki 1 tbsp. l Sau 3 a rana don awa 0.5 kafin abinci kafin magani (don cutar kansa).
Daga 'ya'yan itaciyar na laurel, ana samun mai mai ƙamshi mai ƙanshi sosai, wanda ake amfani dashi a magani azaman maganin ƙetare na waje don ƙwanƙwasawa da fatar fata, kazalika da tsaurin tsoka, kumburi, tare da sprains da dislocations, don shafawa tare da inna, rheumatism. A cikin magungunan jama'a, ana amfani da man laurel wajen maganin cututtukan cholecystitis na kullum da cutar gallstone. Don dalilai iri ɗaya, zaka iya amfani da man da aka yi daga ganyen laurel.
Man na Bay za a iya shirya ta wannan hanya: sa a cikin kwano 30 g na yankakken bay bay ganye, zuba 200 ml na linseed ko sunflower man a cikinsu da nace a cikin wani wurin dumi 7 kwana, to, iri da matsi.
Ganyayyaki masu laushi waɗanda aka haɗe da raunuka suna taimaka wa kwari ta hanyar kwari da macizai masu guba. Fresh ganyen laurel suna da amfani a cikin nau'in suturar magani don cizon kwari da ƙudan zuma. A cewar tsoffin malamai, laurel maganin guba ne ga dukkan guba. Idan an ɗaure wani itace na itace laurel a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, ɗan zai daina kuka har ya yi barci.
Duk sassan jikin bishiyar suna da kyawawan abubuwan maye. Tare da ƙoshin ciki, ya kamata ku sha 4-5 saukad da ruwan 'ya'yan itace laurel, a wanke da ruwa. Hakanan, ana jin zafi a cikin kunnuwa da kurma, kuma an cire aibobi daga fuskar. Laurel ya fita, lokacin da aka sa shi a jiki, zai hana hallucinations.
Shin kuna girma gidan laurel? Jiran labarunku!
