Raspberries Berry ne mai daɗin rai da lafiya, don haka kowane mai lambu yake ƙoƙarin dasa shi a yankinsa. Amma domin da bushes girma lafiya da kuma bayar da girbi mai kyau, spring aiki na raspberries ake bukata. Rasberi kawai a farkon kallo yana kama da ɗan tsiro ne mara misaltuwa, kuma idan lambu ba shi da masaniya ya yi kuskure a cikin sarrafa shi a cikin bazara, zai iya rasa amfanin gona har shekaru da yawa a gaba.
Menene ya kamata a yi da farko tare da raspberries?
Jerin ayyukan bazara a cikin rasberi sun hada da irin waɗannan hanyoyin:
- Pruning rasberi bushes bayan hunturu rashin himma lokacin.
- Garter bushes.
- Manyan miya.
- Yin aiki tare da hanyoyi na musamman don lalata kwari.
Pruning rasberi bushes a cikin bazara da za'ayi a tafiyar biyu. A karo na farko aiki tare da bushes fara nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke da kuma kafa da yanayin zafi. A sassa daban daban na kasar, wannan lokacin yana farawa a lokuta daban-daban. Misali, a tsakiyar layin yana iya kasancewa koda a farkon Afrilu. Amma a cikin yankuna na arewacin, zaku iya jira da zazzabi har zuwa farkon watan Mayu.
Mataki na farko shine yanke duk lalatattun lalacewan da aka haƙura da haƙuri a cikin hunturu. Wannan na iya zama lalacewa ta inji, kamuwa da cuta ko mai tushe waɗanda suka mutu daga tsananin sanyi. Idan alamun mahimmancin ayyukan rasberi gall Midge, wanda shine ɗayan manyan kwari, ana samun su a cikin bushes, irin wannan mai tushe yana buƙatar yanke.
Tun da rashin ƙarfi na raspberries take kaiwa zuwa asarar yawan amfanin ƙasa, ya zama dole don aiwatar da ƙamshi, da nufin rage mai tushe. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don shuka shuki bushes, tef da daji. Kamar yadda masana ke ba da shawara, tare da hanyar tef na dasa, ana bada shawara don barin mai ashirin da biyar mai tushe a kowane mita mai layi. A cikin hanyar daji, ba kasa da takwas ba, amma ba fiye da goma sha biyu ba.
Domin rasberi bushes don karɓar abubuwa masu amfani da hasken rana cikakke, madaidaiciyar tazara tsakanin mai tushe mai raguwa bayan trimming kada ta kasance ƙasa da santimita goma. Amma koda mafi kyawu idan an kiyaye nisan santimita goma sha biyar.
Tsakanin tsararrakin farko da na biyu bushes bukatar a daure. Wannan yakamata ayi a hankali sosai domin kada a lalata ƙwayayen da aka farka. A bu mai kyau kada a tsage qasa a kusa da bushes lokacin da tying. Don hana wannan daga faruwa, an kafa allunan tsakanin bushes, a kan wanda zaiyi aiki tare da bushes ɗin zai buƙaci motsawa.
Na biyu pruning an shirya lokacin da raspberries fara girma da himma. Aikin tumatir na biyu shine yayyafa fiɗa domin duk manyan rundunonin daji su tafi rassan rassa masu zuwa nan gaba, kuma banda ci gaban rasberi.
Spring rasberi miya
Ko da kuwa yanayin ƙasa a cikin rasberi, a cikin bazara, dole ne a saka takin mai magani. Idan bushes girma a kan kasa sparse, to, kuna buƙatar kula da ciyar da hankali sosai.
Wannan al'ada kyau fruiting bayan shafa kusan dukkan takin zamani. Amma ita ma tana da abubuwan zaɓi a cikin irin abubuwan takin potash, nitrogen da phosphorus. A matsayinka na mai mulki, don riguna na saman bazara, takin nitrogen suna da mahimmanci, wanda zai baka damar kunna haɓakar harbe, kuma ganyen ya girma zuwa cikakkiyar girma, yana hana haukan shi. Bugu da kari, karancin nitrogen yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar amfanin gona mai kyau, kuma idan shuka bata da shi, zaku iya mantawa game da yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Idan bushes rasa phosphorus, to, tare da yalwar da takin mai magani na nitrogen, da sprouts za su yi girma, amma za su yi rauni da tsinke.
Aramar potash yana da mahimmanci don amfanin gona mai kyau. Bugu da kari, idan aka yi amfani da takin potassium a cikakke - wannan zai sa rasberi bushes ya fi sauƙi a yi haƙuri a cikin hunturu.
Kuna buƙatar fara takin bishiyoyi rasberi nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta bar gadaje a bazara. Kuma na farko don sa takin mai magani na nitrogen, wanda dole ne a yi amfani da shi akan ƙarar da bai wuce gram goma na ammonium nitrate a kowace mitir na murabba'in mita ɗaya ba. Madadin nitrate nitrate, zaku iya ɗaukar urea kuma ku ciyar da tsirrai a daidai gwargwado.
Amma yana da daraja la'akari da hakan Rasberi amsa barnatar da karuwa acidity na kasar gona, don haka gogaggen lambu suna bayar da shawarar yin gilashin ash guda a ƙarƙashin kowace shuka na daji. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da daidaitaccen canji na ammonium nitrate tare da potassium. Irin wannan maye zai sa ya yiwu a sake cike wurin ajiyar ma'adinin na ƙasa, amma ba zai lalata shi ba. Kafin takin, ana shayar da ƙasa sosai.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, wasu lambu sun kirkiro girke-girke nasu don ciyar da raspberries. Ya hada da wani sashi na nitrate, wani sashi na potassium zuwa sassa biyu na superphosphate. Ana cakuda cakuda cikin ruwa. Don gram ɗari na taki kana buƙatar ɗaukar lita goma na ruwa.
Lokacin da lokacin kwance duniya ya zo a cikin raspberries, lokaci yayi da za ayi takin gargajiya. A matsayin ciyawa, takin peat da humus sun dace. Can kuma amfani da taki da bambaro.
Tuni a ƙarshen bazara, a watan Mayu akwai al'adar ciyar da raspberries tare da mullein. Ana lura da gwargwadon girman adadin milliliters ɗari biyar na mullein a kowace guga na ruwa. Watering wajibi ne don zuba ruwa biyar na bayani a kowace murabba'in mita na dasa.
Yadda za a magance kwari da cututtuka na raspberries a cikin bazara
Lokacin bazara shine farkon lokacin da za a magance kwari da ke hana berryan itacen raspan itacen rasberi da haɓaka fruitan itace da haɓaka da kyau. Akwai wasu kwari na musamman waɗanda ke haifar da lalacewa ta musamman ga raspberries, waɗannan sune:
- Rasberi irin ƙwaro.
- Kara tashi.
- Strawberry-rasberi Wewa.
- Gudun gallic.
Idan ba tare da lura da yanayin bazara tare da sunadarai daga wadannan kwari ba, raspberries ba zai samu damar samun 'ya'ya ba.
Mataki na farko na kula da kwaro ya fara a farkon bazara, lokacin da aka gudanar da shinge na bushes, wanda aka bayyana a farkon babi na labarin. Hinke a kusa da rasberi bushes shima taimako ne. A cikin ƙasa, kwari sa larvae, wanda hunturu a can. Ta hanyar noma ƙasa sosai, na iya zama larvae cire cewa rage yawan kwari masu cutarwacewa ya kamata su kyankyashe kuma su lalata sprouts, inflorescences ko 'ya'yan itatuwa. Hakanan, za a iya sanya larvae a cikin ciyawar bara, don haka ya kamata a tsabtace rasberi a tsabtace.
Duk rassan rasberi wanda aka samo kwari da yawa ya kamata a ƙone su. Yin amfani da su a cikin rami na takin, zaku iya tsokanar kiwo da kwari kawai a yankin ku.
Yin yãƙi Rasberi irin ƙwaro
Wajibi ne a fara kula da bushes daga kwari tare da sinadarai, da duk aiki a cikin rasberi, daga farkon bazara. Daga irin ƙwaro rasberi, wanda ke nuna rayayye akan tsire-tsire yayin fure kuma yana lalata furanni, buds, ganye, kuna buƙatar kare kanku bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, kuma an datse bushes kuma an ɗaure shi. Effectivewararren mai faɗa tare da wannan kwaro shine mafita na nitrafen, wanda aka narke cikin gwargwadon nauyin gram ɗari biyu a kowace lita goma na ruwa. Haka kuma, wajibi ne don fesa ba kawai bushes ba, har ma da ƙasar da ta kewaye su.
Can rike rasberi da ciyawar ganye. Don mafita zaka buƙaci tsutsa mai danshi da furanni marigold. An zubar da tarin gram ɗari biyu na marigold mai ruwa tare da lita goma na ruwa kuma nace don kwana biyu. Wormwood an shirya shi a cikin rabbai iri ɗaya, kawai an kiyaye shi na kimanin sa'o'i biyu. Sannan ana iya samar da mafita biyu daga ragowar tsirrai da hade.
Yi yaƙi tare da rasberi gall Midge
Rasberi gall Midge ne mai hadarin gaske tare da larvae da lalata harbe. Kuna iya lura da lalacewar bushes idan kun kalli rassan. Idan tsutsa cikin ciki, to, za a yi reshe a jikin reshe. Bayan gano irin waɗannan rassan lalace, yanke yanka da ƙonewa.
Don hana sake fito da sabon nau'in kwari a farkon bazara, ya wajaba don tono sama da santimita goma na ƙasa bi da tare da Fufanon bayani. Matsakaici don shirye-shiryensa kamar haka: na lita goma na ruwa, goma sha biyar, ko ma duka ashirin milliliters na fufanon. Lokaci na biyu ya kamata a maimaita lokacin da aka ɗaure buds. Amma a wannan lokacin, adadin ya bambanta, milili goma a kowace lita goma na ruwa. Kowane daji yana buƙatar sarrafa shi ba kasa da milliyan ɗari biyu na diluted bayani.
Guda guda tasiri kan rasberi gall Midge ne exerted by actress wanda aka bred mil goma sha biyar a cikin lita goma na ruwa. Ku ciyar a kan kowane daji akalla ɗari biyu milliliters.
Tushe Tashi fama
Wannan kwaro kawo hadari kawai rasberi bushes. Lalata youngan matasa, tururuwa mai tashi yana bayar da gudummawa ga lalacewar kore, yana haifar da kamuwa da cuta.
Matakan rigakafin da za su iya rage adadin wadannan kwari suna ciyawa, wanda hakan zai yi wahalar tashiwa daga kwari don tashi sama.
Don kyakkyawan aiki, kafin a dasa furewar fure, ciyawa ya kamata a kula da bushes tare da ɗayan waɗannan kwayoyi:
- "Fitoverm."
- "Actellicus."
- "Agravertine."
Ingantattun magungunan jama'a waɗanda zasu iya rage dabbobin wannan kwaro basu wanzu.
Cututtukan da ke da haɗari ga raspberries m launin toka da anthracnose. Daga anthracnose, ana kula da bushes a farkon bazara tare da nitrafen. Maganin ya zama diluted haka, a cikin lita goma na ruwa, gram ɗari biyu na nitrafen. Daga launin toka rot raspberries ana fesa tare da kashi uku na maganin Bordeaux ruwa.
Cututtuka da kwari ba zai iya rage amfanin gonar rasberi kawai ba, har ma ya yi watsi da duk aikin lambu. Amfani da sinadarai da kuma ingantaccen lokacin noma na ƙasa zai ƙara haɓakar damar raspberries don samun mafi yawan amfanin da zai yiwu.
