Lambun yana farawa da itacen apple

Itacen Apple shine mafi yawan amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace. Ana iya samunsa a yankuna na kudanci da kuma a Arewa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda bambancin nau'ikan nau'ikan sa, wanda ya dace da yanayi daban-daban. Amma duk da haka, itacen apple, kamar kowane tsire-tsire, da gaske yana bayyana yuwuwar ƙarfinsa kawai a wuraren da yanayin yanayi yake dacewa da buƙatarta.

Wani irin lambu ba tare da itacen apple ba? Ina tsammanin cewa a cikin kadada shida zaka iya sanya uku daga itaciyarta. Kawai a hankali kusanci zaɓin iri-iri. Tabbas, iri-iri na farko an zaɓa gwargwadon dandano, amma dole ne ya zama hunturu Hardy don yankinku, yana tsayayya da cutar fungal - scab. Kula da lokacin girbi na farko, da tsari na fruiting, girman itacen.

Wani batun na musamman shine lokacin tarawar. Yankin rani yana da mahimmanci musamman ga iyalai tare da yara. Kawai wannan baya buƙatar itace gaba ɗaya. Bayan duk haka, ba a adana ire-iren ire-iren lokacin rani ba, kuma babu makawa dangi ɗaya zai iya jimre wa girbin bishiyar a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (makonni biyu zuwa uku). Maimaita rabin itacen apple na ɗayan rani iri-iri tare da wasu nau'in bazara waɗanda suka bambanta cikin balaga. Kuma kuna iya sake cin rabin itacen bazara iri iri tare da nau'in kaka.

Yi tunani game da ko kuna buƙatar nau'ikan da ake kira nau'in hunturu da aka yi niyya don ajiya na dogon lokaci. Ga alama a gare ni cewa mafi ƙarancin girma ya fi girma iri na kaka a cikin lambun iyali, to, za a samar da dangin tare da apples kai tsaye daga itacen har zuwa ƙarshen kaka a kan "kore kore".

Yawan bishiyoyi na iya ƙaruwa ta hanyar dasa su wanda aka liƙa akan dwarf da root-dwarf rootstocks. Yi amfani da shi don haɓaka iri-iri iri, kuma a lokaci guda don yin ado da lambun, itacen apple mai siffar ɗabi'a: igiyoyin igiyoyi da dabino.

Ven Sven Teschke

Apples na farko na kakar

Ofaya daga cikin yanayin don amfani shekara-shekara na sababbin apples shine kasancewar farkon nau'in cikakke a gonar. 'Ya'yan itãcen waɗannan nau'ikan suna samun cikakkiyar riba koda kan itace; sabili da haka, kusan ba a ajiye su ba kuma ba a ɗaukar su. Saboda haka, ana bada shawarar cire bishiyar rani kaɗan kafin lokacin da suka penawata.

Anyan rani kaɗan ne. A girma girma a na biyu rabin Agusta. Openan buɗe buhunan apple Yankin bazara, da wuri ja, Arcade mai rawaya, farkon zinare, Cypress, Yuli Petrova, Grushovka da wuri, Yuli Chernenkokamar mako guda daga baya ya hau Grushovka Moscow, Mantet, Papiroka, Korobovka, Solntsedar, Ottawa har ma daga baya - Lomonosovskoe, Beauty na gona, Pink fitaccen, Suislepskoe, Medunitsa, Melba, Ann nchein. Da nasara yana cika "wofi" lokacin daga ƙarshen bazara zuwa bayyanar nau'in kaka Kayan Buddhavsky (balagagge 10-12 kwanaki daga baya Melba).

Iri na ajiya na lokaci mai tsawo

Tsawaita ingancin haɗewa tare da babban ƙawancen ƙaƙƙarfan suna shahara don ƙirar apple ta kudu. Ba shi da sauƙi a ƙirƙiri iri iri don tsakiyar Rasha don yanayi da yawa. Abin da ya sa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata galibi aka rarraba nau'ikan hunturu uku a cikin lambuna na Rasha: Kaka, Skryzhapel da Antonovka vulgaris. Varietiesayan farko biyu na farko sun kusan barin orchards ɗinmu, yayin da aka adana apples the sanannen Antonovka vulgaris kawai har zuwa farkon Janairu.

Ta hanyar ƙoƙarin masu shayarwa na gida, har ma da godiya ga bayyanar a ƙasarmu ta nau'in kasashen waje, adadin nau'ikan da ke da 'ya'yan itatuwa na dogon lokaci sun karu sosai. Iri ya bayyana tare da ajiye apples har zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu da farkon Afrilu. Daga cikinsu Lobo, Mekanis, Orlik, Asterisk, Kafint, Memory of Michurin, Renet Chernenko (Renet Kichunova), Wellsie, Calville zinari, Dalibi, Polinka, Noris, Berkutovskoye, Spartan, Bogatyr, Kulikovskoye, Mekintosh, Pobeda Chernenko, Imrus, Strusous, Bolrus, Murus, Bolus, da Struso, da Strusoto; Celandine, sababbin nau'ikan daga Belarus Imant, Nadzeyny, ofwaƙwalwar Kovalenko, Haste. Daga cikin masu rikodin don kiyaye ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa Moscow daga baya, lokacin hunturu na Moscow, Rashanci, Yankin Arewa, Oryol synap, Belarusian Sinap, Dabino, kyakkyawa hunturu, Sabuntawa - ana adana 'ya'yansu har zuwa Mayu da kuma bayan.

Amma kusan dukkanin waɗannan ire-iren sun fi dacewa dangane da yanayin hunturu don yankuna na kudu da Moscow, kuma arewacin su ya fi dacewa da girma a kan ɗumbin ƙwaƙwalwar kwarangwal. A wannan yanayin, dole ne mutum yayi la'akari ko akwai isasshen lokacin zafi don ya 'yayan itacen.

Apples mai zaki

Game da dandani, kamar yadda sukan faɗi, ba sa jayayya. Wasu suna kama da lemu mai tsami, wasu sun fi son mai daɗi. Apples mai kyau suna da mahimmanci musamman ga mutanen da waɗanda yawan amfaninsu na yau da kullun, an lalata ƙwayoyin m. Tasteanɗana almara sun dogara da abubuwan da sukari da acid ke ciki. Idan aka kwatanta da acid na kudu, iri na Rasha na tsakiya sun ƙunshi ƙari, kuma sukari, akasin haka, yana da ƙasa kaɗan.

Amma ɗanɗanar 'ya'yan itacen an ƙaddara ta ba da yawa ta abun ciki na sukari da acid dabam kamar yadda yake da rabo na sukari zuwa acid, wanda ake kira coefficient sukari-acid. A cikin iri tare da 'ya'yan itãcen babban palatability, yawanci daidai yake da 20-34, a cikin nau'ikan' ya'yan itace mai dadi - mafi girma.

Daga cikin nau'ikan zaki da suka fito Bessemyanka Michurinsky, Knight, Candy, Medok, Melba, Pepin Saffron, Pink kyakkyawan, Renet Chernenko. Bukatar adon apples mai dadi ya wanzu na dogon lokaci kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa.

Ba sa tsoron sanyi

Don nasarar yin hunturu, ban da matakin juriya na sanyi takamaiman ga iri-iri, "ingancin" shirya bishiyoyi don dormancy da yanayin yanayin da ake kira quenching suma suna da mahimmanci. Wuya yana farawa a cikin kaka, lokacin da bishiyoyi suka daina girma, wasu matakai na mahimmancin ayyukansu suyi ƙasa, ganye kuma su faɗi. Saboda haka, a shekarun da suka gabaci hunturu, tsawon lokacin damina, saboda jinkiri a ƙarshen girma da faɗuwar ganye, itaciya ba za su iya wucewa taurin da ya dace ba kuma su zama ba a shirye domin hunturu ba.

Za'a iya rage juriya game da sanyi saboda karancin kulawar gonar ko saboda tsayi da yawa na amfani da abubuwan gina jiki na 'ya'yan itace mara misalai daga itaciyar. Abin da ya sa watering, ciyar, kwaro da iko iko, da nufin samar da iko lafiya foliage, samar da ba kawai babban yawan amfanin ƙasa na yanzu shekara, amma kuma nasara wintering.

Zuwa wasu lokuta, sakamakon mummunan yanayin zafi na sanyi zai iya raguwa. A saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani da wakilai masu saurin huda sanyi, waɗanda ke ba da damar cire rassa masu mahimmanci daga sashin dusar ƙanƙara, da kuma shinge na boles da rassa tare da dusar ƙanƙara (a wasu lokuta, farawa kawai), da haɓaka itacen itacen apple a cikin wani tsari mai rarrafe tare da kariya ga hunturu tare da dusar ƙanƙara ko wani irin kayan rufe kayan .

Ba tsoro scabs

Scab - sananniyar cuta ce ta apple da pear, hakika annobar waɗannan tsirrai. Yana shafar ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa, rage amfanin itacen, yana dagula yanayin su, tsananin sanyi lokacin hunturu. Daga irin wannan takarda, za a iya fitar da gangunan miliyan biyu zuwa uku. Amma wannan yana buƙatar ruwan sama, kuma saboda ƙwayoyin da ke kamuwa da cuta suyi laushi ta. Saboda haka, scab galibi yana shafar bishiyun apple a cikin maɓallin ruwa. Sannan ko da tsabtataccen lokaci na ganye a cikin kaka ba ya taimakawa da yawa, hanya ɗaya da ta wuce ita ce matakan kariya na sunadarai. Kuma don kauce wa wannan, dasa ƙarin iri dake jure scab. Daga cikinsu na bada shawara Bessemyanka Michurinsky, Jikin farin ciki, Cinnamon sabo, Renet Chernenko, Mai cin nasara, kayan zaki Isaev, Welsey, Matasa na Gaskiya.

Nau'in nau'in maɗaukaki

Wadannan nau'ikan ana bambanta su da farkon farkon fruiting, saurin karuwa a cikin wadatar, yawan su da tsari. A cikakke, ana samun waɗannan kayan duka kawai a wasu nau'ikan. Misali, yayin da yawancin nau'ikan ke shiga fruiting a shekara ta huɗu zuwa ta shida, wasu Na kasa, Mai Cin Gindi, Dalibi, Melba, Lobo, Welsey, Kayan zaki Isaeva, Mekanis, Matashiyar Gaskiya, Orlik, Zhigulevskoye, Arewacin Synap, iri daban-daban na Cibiyar Dabbobin Noma, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa ta Belarus Antey, Darunak, Imant, ofwaƙwalwar Kovalenko, Haste - fara ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace tuni a farkon shekaru uku bayan dasa shuki. A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci ba wai kawai farkon farkon fruiting ba, har ma da saurin haɓakar haɓaka.

Iri daban-daban sun bambanta da ikon kai 'ya'yan itace a kai a kai. Wasu suna fitar da amfanin gona a kowace shekara, wasu kuma suna ba da 'ya'ya a cikin shekara guda. Babban dalilin adadin yawan 'ya'yan itace shine wuce gona da iri. A wannan yanayin, itaciyar ba ta da iko a lokaci guda don "ciyar da" babban adadin ofa fruitsan, kuma don samar da abinci mai gina jiki don sanya fure furen don girbin shekara mai zuwa. Abin da ya sa iri tare da isasshen girma amma a lokaci guda fruiting na yau da kullun, misali Jama'a, farin ciki na kaka, Zhigulevskoye, synap na Arewa, Matar Rasha, Pepin Saffron, Antey. Bishiyar irin wannan nau'ikan suna halin furanni masu matsakaici, yayin da a cikin 'ya'yan itace itatuwa lokaci-lokaci suna rufe furanni gabaɗaya. Tun da yawan adadin 'ya'yan itace yana da alaƙa da girman amfanin gona, a bayyane yake cewa a cikin kananan bishiyoyi sun bayyana da ƙarancin girma, kuma yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka da haɓaka mai yawa.

Inganta mai zurfi ya haɗa da haɓaka haɓaka, wanda ke ƙaddara girman girman itacen. Wannan yana ba da izinin dasa denser, wanda ke nufin yana haɓaka yawan aiki a kowane yanki na yanki kuma yana sauƙaƙe kulawar itace, wanda yake da mahimmanci musamman ga lambun iyali. Kwatankwacin ƙananan itacen itace ya bambanta Na ƙasa, Lingonberry, Matashin ɗan ƙasa, Zhigulevskoe, Dalibi, wanda za a iya danganta shi da nau'in mai tsananin da kuma la'akari da wasu alamun.

Amma duk da haka, na musamman, da ake kira spur iri ne da gaske m. Babban bambancin su shi ne taqaitaccen internodes, saboda wanda itace itace ya zama tsawanta kuma a zahiri an rufe shi da 'ya'yan itace mai amfani (zoben ringw). Yawancinsu sun fito ne daga nau'ikan Amurkawa da suka girma a kudu, - Kyau, Mai Kyau mai Dadi, Mackintosh. Sabili da haka, nau'in spurian, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun zama ruwan dare a kudancin Rasha. Ana horar da su a kan trellis ko ta hanyar da ake kira lambun makiyaya.

Tabbas, akwai cikakkiyar ƙaddamar da dabarun agrotechnoos wanda keɓaɓɓen damar baka damar ƙarfafa kowane kaddarorin da ke ƙayyade tsananin nau'ikan. Fruiting za a iya kara ta hanyar karkatar da rassan, matsakaici a cikin pruning kananan bishiyoyi, wani lokacin ringing da furrowing na gangar jikin da kuma rassan. Matsakaitan 'ya'yan itace yana ragewa ta hanyar haɗa pruning tare da cire manual na wasu daga cikin furanni da youngan matasa. Tsarin kayan kwalliya shima yana tallafawa ci gaban itace.

A cikin hadaddun, duk waɗannan kaddarorin za'a iya samun su ta hanyar girka iri akan tushen dwarf rootstocks. A wannan yanayin, nau'in nau'ikan da suke kusanci da nau'in mai saurin, galibi suna aiki sosai, wannan shine, a wannan yanayin, an gano yiwuwar su. Abin da ya sa manufar "nau'in m" har ila yau ya hada da dacewa da girma da shi a kan dwarf rootstocks, wanda ba duk iri daban-daban aiki daidai. A lokaci guda, nau'in nau'in mai tsananin gaske, kamar kowane iri akan dwarf rootstocks, suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, kuma ya kamata a aiwatar da aikin nadin su tare da tsananin kiyaye ka'idodi na asali - abinci, ruwa da yanke.

Aljani aljanna

Mutanen sun daɗe suna son ba manyan kawai ba, amma, akasin haka, varietiesananan dabbobin applea applean itace na itacen apple kamar kifi Whales, galibi ana kiranta apple apple. An yaba masu saboda tsananin tsananin zafin hunturu na bishiyoyi da basa kasawa tare da amfanin gona koda bayan lokacin bazara mai zafi, kuma mafi mahimmanci ga gaskiyar cewa sunyi banbancin jam daga garesu.

Yawancin iri ana ƙirƙira su ta hanyar zaɓi na jama'a. Ba lallai ba ne a dasa su tare da bishiyoyi gabaɗaya, amma ya isa a noma su ta hanyar alurar riga kafi. Sinawa sun bambanta sosai. Sun bambanta da girman 'ya'yan itacen, launinsu, siffar su, dacewa da aiki.

Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su:

• Isaeva Irina Sergeevna - Likita na Kimiyyar aikin gona, dan lambu mai gado, masanin kimiyya ne. Jagoran kanun lambun a cikin manyan jaridu na tsakiya da na yanki da kuma. mujallu. Gardenwararren mai aikin gona ne wanda ke da alaƙar haɗin kai tare da lambu mai son a duk faɗin ƙasar. Memba na Ilimin Kimiyya na Cibiyar Kula da Aikin Noma na Moscow (VSTISiP), memba na kwamitin edita na jaridar Jarida da Lambun Kayan lambu.