GagarinMaikoda) - nau'in halittu na gandun daji, marasa galihu - kananan bishiyoyi na dangin Pink (Rosaceae) Sunan Latin na cotoneaster ya fito ne daga Girkanci 'cotonea' - Quince da 'aster' - suna da tsari, kwatankwacin ganyen Quinceaster na ɗayan nau'in cotoneaster.
Cotoneaster - deciduous ko evergreen, bishiyoyi masu yawan gaske, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin ɗaukar hoto na birane a ɓangaren Turai na Rasha, musamman a cikin shinge maras kyau. Ganyen suna matsakaici ne, mai sauƙin yanayi, mai sauƙin yanayi, mai sauƙin ɗaukar ciki, ovate, kore mai duhu a lokacin rani, sake yin kama da kaka. Furanni farar fata ne ko ruwan hoda, ƙarami, cikin garkuwa, gogewa ko keɓewa.
'Ya'yan itãcen ƙananan ƙananan, ja ko baƙi. Shuka a hankali. A wani wuri na dindindin suna zaune na dogon lokaci, sama da shekaru 50. Ba mummunan canja wuri da yanayin gari ba. Halittar yana da kusan nau'ikan 40.
Maikoda. Arts Al'adun ZamaniBabban abin jan hankali na cotoneaster shine haɗuwa da ƙaƙƙarfan Branch, foliage na asali da nau'ikan haɓaka daban-daban (daga kafaɗa zuwa creeping). Flowersanan furanni masu launin fari ko ruwan hoda ba na ado ba ne, amma sune tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin zuma.
A kambi mai yawa na duhu kore m ganye da cewa redden a kaka ana godiya. Wadannan tsirrai masu sauki ne don gina shinge, saboda ana samun saukin saukin sa, suna da dadewa kuma suna daukar nauyin su a kowane lokaci na kakar. Bugu da kari, a ƙarshen bazara, ana inganta tasirin kayan adonsu da yalwar redya oryan itaciya mai haske ko baƙi, suna rataye a jikin rassan na dogon lokaci. 'Ya'yan itãcen ba masu guba ne da jan hankalin tsuntsaye.
Cotoneaster suna da wuya da fari-masu tsaurin gaske. Sun sami nasarar ci gaba a cikin yanayin garin, kamar yadda suke ƙura da iskar gas, ba su da matukar buƙata game da takin ƙasa da danshi. Suna girma da kyau duka a cikin haske da ƙananan shading. Suna yaduwa da tsaba, wanda dole bukatar stratification, kazalika da layering, cuttings da grafting. Za a iya amfani da shi azaman stock na pear. Wasu nau'ikan wani lokacin ana lalacewa ta hanyar aphids kore na apple, ƙwayar farin asu crumbs, kwari masu kwari, sawflies, cocasteraster mites.
Yawancin jinsin za a iya ba da shawarar don rukunin kayan ado, dasa shuki a kan gangara, gangara, rike bango da shimfidar tsattsauran ra'ayi, don shinge, duk da haka, kawai ana amfani da adadi kaɗan na al'adun gargajiya.
Maikoda. End Wendy CutlerAbubuwa ukun - masu saurin ma'ana, masu ruwa aronia da duman itace - suna da tsananin zafin hunturu kuma suna tsayayya da yanayin yanayi a tsakiyar Rasha.
Siffofin Girma
Wuri: haɓaka mafi kyau a cikin yankuna masu cikakken ɗaukar hoto, amma kuma suna haƙuri da inuwa.
Kasar gona: takin ƙasa da danshi ba su raguwa. Koyaya, abun da ke ƙasa mai zuwa har yanzu ana ba da shawarar: ƙasar Turf, takin peat, yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 2. Multi-fure cotoneaster yana buƙatar 300 g / sq Lemun tsami. m
Saukowa: nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire 0.5 - 2 m dangane da diamita na kambi na wani girma shuka. Dasa zurfin 50 - 70 cm, tushen wuya a matakin ƙasa. Ana buƙatar magudanar ruwa (tsakuwa ko tubalin da aka karye, harsashi na 10 -20 cm).
Maikoda. Us Lotus JohnsonKulawa: a cikin bazara suna yin cikakken ma'adinan ma'adinai: Kemiru-duniya daga lissafin 100 - 120 g ta 1 km. m ko 20-30 g na urea da lita 10 na ruwa. A lokacin rani kafin fure ba granular superphosphate 60 g / sq. m da 10 - 15 g / sq. m potassium sulfate. Yawancin nau'ikan sautinaster suna jurewa fari kuma basa buƙatar shayarwa, ko ana buƙata ne kawai a lokacin bazara sosai, sau 1-2 a wata, lita 8 na ruwa a kowace shuka. Ana yin kwalliya kwalliya (10 - 15 cm) bayan cire ciyawar. Bayan dasa shuki, an yi mulching tare da peat, wani yanki na 5-8 cm. Co itatuwaaster bishiyoyi suna yin nasara ga pruning, ana kafa shinge mai tsayi na matsakaici matsakaici. Bayan datim, suna girma sosai, suna riƙe da siffar girma. An bar trimming zuwa 1/3 na tsawon lokacin jefa shekara-shekara. Coberaster hibernate tare da murfin haske tare da busassun ganye ko lakabin peat na 3 - 6 cm ko ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Wani lokaci a cikin hunturu, rassan tanƙwara ƙasa don kare fure daga fure.
Kwaro da kariya daga cuta
- Fusarium Cire kuma ƙona sassan tsirrai. Rage ƙasa ko canza yankin dasa tare da yaduwar cutar.
- Ana yin yaƙin bera ta hanyar fesawa tare da kowane ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.
- A kan aphids - farkon farkon spraying tare da DNOC ko nitrafen. A cikin larvae, an fesa su tare da kalbofos, metaphos, ƙaho, saifos. Idan ya cancanta, ana maimaita spraying. Ana amfani da tsire-tsire na infusions, baƙar fata, babban hanzari, fiɗa dankalin turawa, yarrow, shag, da sauransu.
- A kan asu, bayan fure kuma a lokacin rani, ana fesa su da amiphos, karbofos (0.1 - 0.4%) ko ƙaho (0.2%). Mafi inganci sune fosalon (0.2%) ko gardon (0.1 -0.35%). A lokacin fure, ana amfani da entobacterin, yana aiwatar da sau biyu ko sau uku tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 12-14.
Kiwo
Cotoneaster yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, sanya filayen, yan itace, grafting. Tsaba, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da ƙananan germination (40 - b0%). Abubuwan da suke da lahani suna tasowa lokacin da aka wanke kuma dole ne a watsar da su. Sauran tsaba yakamata a shuka kuma a tuna cewa suna da tsawon lokaci ba tare da tsiro ba wuya. Dole ne su kasance masu ɗaukar nauyinsu kuma an shuka su a cikin fall na shekara mai zuwa.
Maikoda. Z liz yammaLokacin da aka yada shi ta hanyar kore kore, ana samun babban adadin tushen lokacin da aka rufe cuttings da fim. Mafi kyawun lokacin grafting shine rabin na biyu na Yuli. Madadin ya ƙunshi cakuda peat da yashi, ana ɗauka daidai.
Amfani
M da yawa ornamental shrubs saboda da kambi mai yawa, m duhu kore ganye da haske mai yawa 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka dogon adana a kan rassan. Nagari don gefuna gandun daji, ƙungiyoyi, shingen keɓe a kan ciyawa, shinge da shinge mai yawa. Ana amfani da wasu nau'ikan don ɓarna, a kan tsaunin dutse, gangara.
Dabbobi
Saya murriya
Nativeasar asalin wannan nau'in ita ce Siberiya ta Gabas. Yana girma gaba ɗaya ko cikin rukuni a cikin bushes. Mesophyte na hoto, microtherm, mesotroph, mai ba da izini na kungiyoyi na gandun daji kuma, ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba, ƙasan daji na coniferous. A al’adance ko'ina.
M leafy, a tsaye, deciduous shrub, har zuwa 2 m tsayi, tare da densely pubescent matasa harbe. Ana nuna ganyayen Elliptical, har zuwa 5 cm tsayi, mai haske a saman, kore mai duhu, shuɗi mai kaka. An tattara furanni masu ruwan hoda a cikin sako-sako, 3-8-flowered, corymbose inflorescences. Yana blooms a watan Mayu - Yuni tsawon kwanaki 30. Kusan na fata, 'ya'yan itãcen baƙi na ado ne, masu launuka masu haske, masu launin ruwan hoda-ja, marasa nama, suna wanzuwa akan dajin har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin shekaru 4.
Cotoneaster m (Cotoneaster lucidus). P obpWinter-Hardy, unpretentious ga kasa, inuwa-m. Yaduwa da tsaba da kuma ciyayi. Tsaba suna buƙatar ɗaukar watanni 12-15, wanda za'a iya rage shi ta hanyar kulawa da su na mintuna 5-20 tare da acid ɗin sulfuric, sai a daidaita watanni na 1-3. Farashi na 5 g / sq. m
Ofaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ciyawa don ƙirƙirar shinge mai shinge, kazalika don dasa rukunin furanni a kan lawns, gefuna daji, a matsayin tsalle-tsalle. Ya dace da biranen shakatawa na kusan dukkanin ƙasar Rasha. A cikin al'ada tun farkon karni na XIX.
Murdidarshan Murrayda (Cotoneaster melanocarpus)
Yana da kyawawan hardy na hunturu a tsakiyar Rasha. A cikin daji, ya girma sosai daga Tsakiyar Turai zuwa Arewacin China, gami da Caucasus da Tsakiyar Asiya, a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu haske da kuma tsaunin tuddai, suna tashi zuwa yankin subalpine. Yana girma a cikin tsirrai na tsiro iri daban-daban na gandun daji, yana shiga cikin ƙirƙirar ciyayi a kan screes da kankara. Mesophyte na hoto, microtherm, mesotroph, mai sa ido akan aikin bishiyar shuka. An kiyaye shi a cikin ajiyar
Wannan ciyayi har zuwa 2 m high tare da harbe-mai launin ruwan kasa, kamar ƙabilar da ta gabata, tana da 'ya'yan itatuwa baƙi, amma sun bambanta da siffar ganye. Ovate yana barin tsayin 4.5 cm, kore mai duhu a saman, fararen fata a ƙasa, tare da ƙyalli ko ƙyalli. Yana farawa daga shekara 5, yana yin fure da 'ya'ya a shekara. Flowering yana kusan kwanaki 25, furanni ruwan hoda suna cikin axils na 5 ~ 12 guda akan ƙwanƙwasa, suna samar da goge da ke kwance. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na furen, ripening a watan Satumba da Oktoba, sannu a hankali juya daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa baki tare da fure mai haske.
Murdidarshan Murrayda (Cotoneaster melanocarpus)Speciesanan sanyi mai jure sanyi, baya da yalwar ƙasa da danshi, suna girma da kyau a wurare masu inuwa da kuma a cikin birane. Yana iya jurewa da sauƙin dasawa, yaduwa ta hanyar ƙwaya da tsaba. A cikin al'adun gargajiya tun daga 1829, ana amfani dashi a cikin shinge, m sau da yawa - a cikin ɗayan gonar rukuni. Sanin kayan ado (f. Laxiflora) tare da inflorescences-fure mai fure-fure da ganye. Baya ga dalilai na kayan ado, wannan nau'in shuka mai kyau ne na zuma, kuma katako mai ƙarfi yana aiki azaman kayan gwangwani, bututu da sauran kayan fasaha.
Cotoneaster duka ko talakawa (Cotoneaster integerrimus)
A yanayi, ana iya samo shi daga jihohin Baltic a arewa zuwa Arewacin Caucasus - a kudu. Yana girma akan gangaren tsaunuka da talus, a hanyar fita daga sandstones, shales da limestones. Photophilous xeromesophyte, microtherm, mesotroph, assector shrubbery. An kiyaye shi a cikin ajiyar ajiya. A al'adance da wuya.
Madaidaici, ingataccen kamannin itace, ciyayi mai tsayi har zuwa 2 m tsayi, tare da kambi mai zagaye. Matasa harbe tare da dusar kan dusar kankara, daga baya - tsirara. Shirokooyaytsevidnye, har zuwa 5 cm, ganye a saman su ne duhu kore, m, m, kasa launin toka-ji. Furen fure-mai launin shuɗi-mai-kyau a cikin goge-goge mai haske-2-4. 'Ya'yan itacen suna da haske ja, har zuwa 1 cm a diamita.
Cotoneaster duka ko talakawa (Cotoneaster integerrimus). © vrjpihakauppaRequirementsarancin ƙasa mai buƙata, ingantaccen haɓaka akan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta. Bambanci a cikin babban hunturu hardiness. Yana girma mafi kyau a wuraren rana, fari da iskar gas mai jurewa. Yana da tasiri musamman ga 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda ke dagewa har ƙarshen kaka. Ana amfani dashi don dasawa cikin rukuni, shinge, gefunan daji, a cikin biranen arewaci da tsakiyar Rasha. A al'ada tun daga 1656.
Yawan jinsunan da ke biye - masu saurin yaduwa masu yawa, mai launi-goge-goge da ruwan hoda - sun fi buƙatu akan zaɓin wuri, cikin matsanancin zafi za su iya daskarewa, amma an kuɓutar da su daga mutuwa ta babban ƙarfin sake sabuntawa.
SankaraAshakumar
An samo shi cikin yanayi a cikin Caucasus, a Tsakiyar Asiya da Yammacin Siberiya, a Yammacin China. Yana girma gaba ɗaya ko a cikin ƙananan rukuni a cikin gandun daji, har ma a cikin tsintsaye. Mesophyte na Photophilous, micromezotherm, mesotroph, mai sahun gaba na gandun daji. An kiyaye shi a cikin ajiyar ajiya. An samo shi a cikin al'ada a cikin lambunan Botanical na Turai.
Yawancin masu amfani da Cozalaster (Cozalaster multiflorus). © Sten KwallanSemi-evergreen shrub har zuwa 3 m tsayi, tare da na bakin ciki, ji-pubescent a cikin matasa, mai lankwasa rassan. Wide mai siffar-kwai mai girma har zuwa 5 cm tsayi, silvery launin toka a bazara, kore mai duhu a lokacin rani, ja mai launin ja a damina. Kadan Hardy fiye da gwanin sauti. Ana neman manyan furanni masu furen fure (har zuwa 1 cm), masu kama da sifar da furannin blackberry, ana tattara su cikin b - 20 a cikin inflorescences corymbose kuma suna yin tasiri sosai yayin lokacin furanni daga kwanaki 16 zuwa 25. Ja mai haske, yalwatacce, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu fure suna haɓaka ƙawatarta cikin faɗuwa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin shekaru 5-6. 'Ya'yan itãcen sun haɗu a watan Agusta.
Bishiya mai haƙuri da fari mai haƙuri. Don ci gaba mai nasara, yana buƙatar ƙasa mai wadata da wadataccen lemun tsami. Propagated da tsaba. Yawan seeding na 4-6 g a kowace mita. Da kyau sosai a keɓe kai da gefunan daji. Tun daga shekara ta 1879, ana yadu da ita ko'ina cikin yankin Turai na Rasha.
Gagarinka (Cozalaster
Yana da alkawura ga tsakiyar Rasha. Ba a san shi sosai a al'adu fiye da nau'ikan da suka gabata.
Cozalaster (Cotoneaster tseren keke). Gra El GrafoWannan itace har zuwa 3 m high, tare da matsakaici-sized bluish-kore ganye. Matasa harbe da ganye a kan underside an lullube da m farin-fari pubescence. An tattara ƙananan furanni na fararen-ruwan hoda cikin inflorescences na 7-12 guda, rufe ɗaukacin daji a watan Mayu. Farkon fure yana faruwa yana da shekaru 4. A watan Agusta, lokacin da yawancin 'ya'yan itaciya na elliptical ko sifofin maras nauyi mai haske launin launi mai haske, bishiyar ta zama mafi ƙyalli. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su faɗi bayan faɗuwar ganye kuma sun rataye a daji har sai dusar ƙanƙara ta fari.
Jiran ra'ayoyinku!
