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Dasa rasberi a cikin bazara: tukwici don sabon shiga

Ana girma berries masu kamshi a cikin yankuna da yawa na lambun. Tana ƙaunar da yawa, masu taimako da marasa fassara. Amma, kamar kowane shuka, yana buƙatar kulawa ta dace. Shuka bishiyoyi a cikin bazara don masu farawa na iya zama da wahala saboda karancin ilimi game da sifofin girma da haɓaka bishiyoyi na bishiyoyi. Amma wannan rata yana da sauki a cika.

Yaushe fara dasa shuki raspberries - a bazara, kaka, bazara?

Ana iya dasa bishiyoyi a ko'ina cikin lokacin dumi. Amma aikace-aikacen ya nuna cewa mafi kyawun lokacin wannan hanya shine bazara. Akwai dalilai da yawa don wannan.

Don dasa shuki raspberries, ɗayan manyan alamomi shine zazzabi mai dacewa

  1. Da farko zafi a cikin tsire-tsire fara ruwan itace kwarara. Yana ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi kuma yana sauƙaƙa yin haƙuri da raunin da ya faru kamar su pruning, dasa, alurar riga kafi.
  2. A lokacin bazara, yanayin muhalli ya fi dacewa: babu zafin rana mai zafi da damuna.
  3. Yawancin kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta basa aiki.

Hakanan ana la'akari da lokacin da ya dace (farkon shekarun bazara (na farko ko na biyu na Yuni)) da rabin Agusta na biyu. A lokacin waɗannan lokatai na shekara, bushewar tsire-tsire ba sa fuskantar barazanar bushewa lokacin zafi da danshi mai yawa. Wani lokacin da ya dace shi ne farkon kaka. A wannan lokaci, raspberries an riga an kashe, kuma zai rage painfully wahala da zaɓi na dasa kayan.

Hanyoyin ƙasa

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don dasa shuki raspberries. Akwai ma daukacin tsarin da mai aikin lambu Kurgan A.G. Sobolev. An tabbatar da wannan dabarar ta shekaru da yawa na aiwatarwa, ingantacce da inganci. Ya ba da cikakken bayanin duk matakan: daga shiri ƙasa zuwa girbi na farko.

Duk wani lambu zai iya zaɓar wa kansa zaɓuɓɓuka don yaduwa da dasa shuki

Zabin saukowa:

  • tsaba;
  • shuka;
  • kore kore;
  • sakawa;
  • lignified cuttings.

Ta wace hanya zaba, amfaninsu da rashin amfanin su

Daban-daban dalilai tasiri a zabi na rasberi dasa. Zai iya zama mafi dacewa ga mai lambu ya sami sabon shuka tare da taimakon yankan, tunda yana da kwarewa a irin wannan yaduwar 'ya'yan itace da bishiyoyi. Amma koyaushe kuna buƙatar kula da tasirin kowace hanya.

'Yayan itace

Hanya mafi sauki ita ce amfani da shuki. Wannan hanya ce madaidaiciya ga kowane mazaunin bazara: dasa bishiya ko shuki. Akwai fa'idodi biyu:

  • rashin buƙatar girma seedlings da aiki na cuttings;
  • Ba a buƙatar gina gidan kore (gandun daji).

Rashin dacewar amfani da hanyar a'a.

Tsaba

Sake haifuwa ta wurin tsaba ana danganta shi da kulawa da yawa, amma wannan hanyar tana da ƙari.

Abvantbuwan amfãni:

  • dama don samun iri-iri rasberi iri-iri.

Misalai:

  • zai ɗauki lokaci kafin a shirya kuma a shuka iri;
  • Dole ne ku iya yin tumbin .an itace.

Yankan

Zai fi wahala girma girma tare da bishiyoyi. Ana buƙatar ilimi akan yadda ake shirya da kuma kula da kayan. Idan kuna da umarnin mataki-mataki-mataki, zaku iya jure wannan aikin.

Abvantbuwan amfãni:

  • da yawa hanyoyin domin samun cuttings.

Misalai:

  • Ana buƙatar kulawa da iri tare da haɓaka haɓaka;
  • Ana ba da shawarar tsire-tsire don dasa shuki a cikin gidan shinkafa, kuma bayan ya sami ƙarfi - a cikin ƙasa buɗe.

Babban mahimmanci shine samar da kayan aikin da ake buƙata don kammala aikin. Ana bada shawarar girbi girbi ta amfani da wasu tsare sirri. Yana ba ku damar samun koda da ƙasa da cutar da ƙarancin shuka fiye da wuka mai kaifi.

Abin da ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance a cikin raspberries

Don dazuzzuka su girma sosai kuma su ba da 'ya'ya sosai, suna buƙatar abun da ya dace da ƙasa don wannan nau'in shuka. Yanayi mai kyau don haɓaka bushes ɗin bishiyoyi an halitta su ta hanyar haɗar da ƙasa. Kuna buƙatar shirya shi kamar haka:

  • A cikin bazara ko kaka, an ƙara taki zuwa ƙasa a cikin nauyin 7 kg / m2. A lokaci guda, takin ƙasa tare da takin - 10 kg / m2.
  • A lokacin kaka yi tsullen kaji - 8 kg / m2.

Dokoki don kasar gona a cikin raspberries:

  • Ba'a ba da shawarar amfani da takin nitrogen ba bayan girbi;
  • ba shi yiwuwa a aiwatar da aiki kan wadatar da ƙasa a cikin lokutan bushewa, saboda wannan na iya haifar da ƙona tushen tsiron;
  • Kada a ciyar da shisha tare da takin zamani da ke da sinadarin chlorine, domin wannan zai haifar da ci gaban chlorosis.

Abin da takin mai magani ana buƙata don raspberries

Kyakyawan kulawa da raspberries na buƙatar sanin halaye na lokacin ciyawar wannan shuka. Dangane da wannan, an bada shawarar yin aiki da tsarin ciyarwa mai zuwa:

  1. A farkon bazara, a farkon lokacin girma, raspberries mafi yawan buƙatar phosphorus da alli.
  2. A cikin lokaci na aiki mai girma - nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, baƙin ƙarfe.
  3. A lokacin 'ya'yan itace saiti da girma - alli da potassium.

Mafi kyawun acidity na ƙasa shine 5.5-6.5 pH.

Dokoki don shirya rasberi a cikin ƙasa buɗe

Pulla alaƙar rasberi yadda ya kamata

Haɓakawa, haɓaka da 'ya'yan itace na tsire-tsire sun dogara ne akan yadda aka zaɓa wuri daidai a gare su. Yanayi mai kyau game da raspberries:

  • kyakkyawar bayyanar rana;
  • kasa akan wacce Legumes, llofin alkaloid, dill, faski, albasa a baya tayi girma;
  • rashin kusancin zuwa ruwan karkashin kasa.

Kula! Ba da shawarar shirya sabon rasberi a maimakon tsohon ba.

Kwanan saukowa dangane da hanya, yanki da kalanda

Kwanakun na dasa shuki a cikin bazara a kowane yanki na yanayi can daban. Matsakaicin, suna canzawa zuwa makonni 2-3 daga arewacin zuwa yankuna na kudu. Domin kada ya rasa lokacin, mai kula da lambun yana buƙatar mai da hankali kan waɗannan alamomi masu zuwa:

  • mafi kyawun zafin jiki na iska ya kamata ya kasance 18-26 ° С;
  • matakin zafi ba shi da ƙasa da 40% (bai kamata a yi ruwan sama ba tsawon kwanaki kafin a dasa shuki raspberries);
  • hasken rana a kalla awanni 12.

Ana ba da yanayin dasa shuki na sama don dukkan hanyoyin yaduwar wannan shukar.

Ga masu lambu waɗanda ke jagorantar kalandawar wata, kuna buƙatar sanin lokaci mafi dacewa don dasa - daga sabon wata zuwa cikakken wata.

Hankali! A cikin 2018, mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shuki rasuwa shine har zuwa 5 ga Mayu. Ba duk yankuna zasuyi ɗumi sosai da wannan lokacin ba. Saboda haka, an bada shawara don kula da matakai da ƙasa akan wata mai girma.

Umarnin don yaduwa da dasa shuki shuki

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don shuka ƙwayar rasberi.

Fasahar kiwo

Bayar lambu ba koyaushe zai iya siyan seedlings na iri iri da ake so a kasuwa ko a cikin gandun daji. A wannan yanayin, akwai hanya guda ɗaya kaɗai: sayi tsaba da girma seedlings daga gare su. Wannan ba kasuwancin matsala bane, amma yana buƙatar bin duk buƙatu. Nasarar taron taron ya dogara ne akan ingancin zuriyar.

Daga ingancin tsaba zaka iya shuka iri-iri mai saurin girma

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don samun tsaba:

  • saya a cikin shagunan musamman;
  • mai zaman kansa

Tarin tsaba daga tsirran da kuka zabi sune kamar haka:

  • saka Berry a kan tsabta zane, murkushe shi kuma yada shi;
  • babba, ba'a zabi tsaba;
  • wanke su;
  • an bushe da su har sai an dasa su a cikin wuri mai sanyi, lokaci-lokaci moisturizing.

Tsarin girma rasberi daga zuriya ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa. Domin 'ya'yan seedlings su kasance a shirye don dasa shuki a cikin bazara, tsaba suna fara girma daga shekaru goma na uku na Fabrairu.

  1. Shirya ƙasa daga cakuda daidai sassan yashi, ƙasa mai ƙima da peat.
  2. An sanya tsaba a rana guda a cikin zane mai bushe.
  3. Kowane ƙwaya yana faɗuwa a cikin ƙasa ta 0.5 cm.
  4. Shayar nan da nan bayan dasa, sannan kuma kowane kwanaki 2-3.
  5. Tare da mita na 1 a cikin kwanaki 10-12, ana ciyar da su da maganin rauni na urea.
  6. Bayan fitowar sprouts, ana canja akwati zuwa wuri mai kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
  7. Bayan kowace tsiro yana da ganye guda biyu, za'ayi ma'anar ruwa: ana shuka tsire-tsire cikin kwantena daban.
  8. Lokacin da sprouts suka kai tsawo na 10-12 cm, ana shuka su a cikin raspberries.

Farfagandar ta yanke

Farfado da rasberi ta hanyar itace ba hanya mafi dacewa ba saboda wasu matsaloli. Amma yana ba da kyakkyawan sakamako. Abu na farko da mai fara aikin lambu yake buƙatar yi shine koyon yadda ake girbi sare. Ana aiwatar da aikin a ƙarshen Mayu da farkon Yuni.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yaduwar rasberi ta hanyar yanka.

Akwai hanyoyi uku don cim ma wannan aikin.

Lambar hanyar 1

  1. Zaɓi zaɓi mai lafiya da ƙarfi na shekara ta yanzu kuma yanke saman ta da 15-20 cm.
  2. An cire dukkanin ganye a cikin hanyar, yana barin kawai manyan biyun.
  3. Yanke sashin sama na riƙewa (zance na ci gabansa) tare da wuka mai kaifi ko keɓewa.
  4. A ƙarshen ƙarshen, yi yankan 2-3 tare da layin akwati. Kowane ɗayan su ya zama aƙalla cm 5. Wannan hanya zata hanzarta bayyanar da asalinsu.
  5. Ana kula da ramukan tare da kowane mai kara kuzari ko ci gaba kamar haka: 200 g na heteroauxin an narkar da shi a cikin ruwa 1 na ruwa kuma an sanya peran a cikin wannan mafita na awanni 16-18. Haka kuma, kawai ƙananan ƙarshen rassan suna nutsuwa a cikin ruwa.
  6. Dasa a cikin ta musamman hotbed-gandun daji.
  7. Shayar da wani bayani da suke soaked.

Shawara! Kafin ka sanya tsintsiya a cikin kwandon shara tare da kayan haɓaka mai haɓaka, an ɗaure su cikin haɗaka tare da band na roba ko kintinkiri.

Rassan daga daji rasberi sun fara harbi

Hanyar lamba 2

  1. 1. Zaɓi harbi na shekara ta yanzu kuma yanke shi, yana tashi daga tushe 15-20 cm.
  2. An rarraba reshen zuwa sassa 7-10 cm tsayi wanda akalla kodan 2-3 suka kasance akan kowane ɗayan.
  3. Ana amfani da ƙananan ɓangarorin da aka yanke tare da haɓaka haɓakawa kuma an dasa su a cikin greenhouse.

Hankali! Don sa asalin tushen, ba shi da yarda a sanya peran a cikin akwati da ruwa.

Hanyar lamba 3

  1. Tona tojin daji rasberi a tushen zuwa zurfin 5-7 cm.
  2. Tare da wuka mai kaifi yanke kore shoot na wannan shekara a nesa na 5 cm a kasa. Irin wannan itace ake kira "nettles." An rarrabe su ta hanyar saurin sauri.
  3. Ana kula da ƙananan ƙarshen yanke tare da ash ash.
  4. Dasa a cikin ƙasa, kuma shayar da wani bayani na ci gaban mai sa ƙarfi.

Shiri kasar gona don dasa shuki

  1. An shirya substrate daga peat, ƙasa mai laushi da yashi a cikin rabo na 1: 1:
  2. An dasa yankan a cikin layuka, suna kiyaye nesa na 7-10 cm tsakanin su, kuma layuka ya kamata
    kasance a nesa na 5-7 cm daga juna.

    Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa yana faruwa a cikin bazara

Sa'an nan kuma takin kasar gona da wani bayani na "Kornevin." Gashi yana kula da yanayin zafi a kashi 80%. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na ƙasa + 22 ... + 25 ° С.

Kula! Idan babu gogewa a cikin girma raspberries, don sauƙaƙe aikin, ana fara dasa shukar ba a cikin greenhouse, amma a cikin tukwane peat. Kuma bayan bayyanar tushen taro, ana tura su zuwa ƙasa.

Farfagandar ta hanyar toshe .an itace

Idan akwai buƙatar samun adadi mai kyau na itace mai kafe, yi amfani da wannan hanyar:

  1. A cikin bazara, bayan an watsar da ganyayyaki, seedlings da aka zaɓa iri-iri an yayyafa shi da peat a tushen.
  2. A lokacin farkawa, ana yanke tsire-tsire daga rassan rassan 7-10 cm tsayi kowannensu ya kasance yana da rassa 2-3.

Actionsarin ayyuka sun yi kama da hanyoyin da suka gabata: Ana dasa ƙananan ƙwayoyin matasa a cikin lambun kore kuma ana shayar dasu akai-akai. Bayan itacen ya zama tushen sai ya zama cikakkun seedlingsan seedlings, ana dasa su cikin raspberries.

Yaduwa da rasberi seedlings

A lafiya da kuma Fit rasberi rasberi dole ne biyan bukatun da yawa:

  • da tsarin ingantaccen tsari;
  • diamita na ƙananan ɓangare na harba na basal ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 50 mm;
  • kodan dole ne su girma.

Shawara! Kuna iya bincika dacewa da 'yar iri-iri kamar haka: yanke ɗanɗani ɗaya kuma kaga wane launi da katako yake ƙarƙashinsa. Idan launin ruwan kasa, shuka mai ƙarancin tasiri. Kirki mai kyau yana da haske da itace mai launi.

Dasa bishiyoyi yakamata a fara ta hanyar duba seedlings domin dacewa

Tsarin dabarun dasa shuki

Hanyoyi biyu na dasa shuki raspberries sune mafi kyau duka:

  • farauta;
  • tef.

Amma tsari mai sabani kuma yana yiwuwa. Idan babu sha'awar dasa bishiyoyi tare da yadudduka, zaku iya dasa bushes a cikin kwantena daban-daban: ganga, bokiti, manyan tukwane. Wannan zai hana ci gaban Tushen da samuwar harbe da ba'a so.

Kanta

Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin layuka, ana kiyaye tazara tsakanin tsire-tsire a tsakanin kewayon 50-80 cm. An sanya filayen a nesa tsakanin 1-1.5 m daga juna. Don hana haɓakar ciyawa, an rufe sarari mai zagaye tare da ciyawa. Hanya mafi dacewa - shimfida layin bakin ciki.

Lokacin dasa shuki bushes tare da hanyar tef, ya zama dole a bi wasu shawarwari

Seedlings bukatar goyon baya da garter. Don yin wannan, daga ƙarshen kowane layi biyu saita ginshiƙai kuma ja tsakanin su 2 daga layin kamun kifi ko waya mai bakin ciki.

Dokokin saukowa ta ƙasa

  1. Hannun furanni na tsire-tsire ya kamata ya zama 60 cm faɗi kuma zurfin 40-50 cm.
  2. Ana shuka tsire-tsire tare da nisan 30-30 cm.
  3. A kasan tare maɓuɓɓugar, 1/3 na tsayi, sa humus.
  4. Sanya seedlings a nesa nesa daga juna kuma ɗaure su.
  5. Cika ramin tare da ƙasa da aka tona ƙasa.
  6. Lyauka ɗaukar ƙasa.
  7. Shayar.

Gida

Abubuwan buƙatun don dasa shuki na shuka iri ɗaya ne, ban da buƙatun tono maɓuɓɓugar kogin. Hanyar farauta ta ƙunshi ƙirƙirar rami daban na kowane tsirrai, waɗanda aka birgesu.

Kuna iya dasa raspberries ba tare da ƙirƙirar ko da gadaje ba

Bidiyo: Yadda ake shuka da tsiro raspberries ba tare da kurakurai ba

Yadda za a dasa shuka raspberries a bazara

Siffar halayyar nau'ikan gyaran shine ƙirƙirar ƙaramin harbe harbe a farkon shekarun haɓaka daji. Wannan ana iya ɗaukarsa azaman "ƙari" da "ramin" daga waɗannan tsirrai. Batun tabbatacce shine mai sauƙin kulawa. Rashin daidaituwa - a takaice wadataccen seedlings.

Dokokin saukarwa

  1. Makonni 2-3 kafin lokacin dasa shuki, yankin da aka keɓe don raspberries an haƙa kuma an ƙara humus a cikin nauyin 10 kg a 1 m2kazalika da 250 g na superphosphate da potassium.
  2. Tona rami ko rami (50x50 cm), samar da magudanar magudana a kasan. Zurfin cikin ramuka ya kamata ya kasance cewa tushen wuyan bushes yana matakin ƙasa.
  3. Ana shuka tsire-tsire kuma recesses suna cike da ƙasa.
  4. Ana shayar da kowane seedling tare da lita 8 na ruwa.
  5. Aroundasa a kewayen bushes an rufe ta da ciyawa.

Kulawar seedling

Shekarar farko bayan dasa shuki seedlings shine mafi wahala. Duk tsawon lokacin girma, kuna buƙatar saka idanu yanayin tsire-tsire kuma a cikin lokaci don aiwatar da jerin ayyukan da aka ba da shawarar.

  • Samuwar daji zai fara ne lokacin da tsirrai suka kai tsayin 15 cm.
  • Bayan ya kai 80-100 cm, ana fitar da huda na farko: an yanke sashin farko na harbe ta hanyar 15-20 cm.
  • Ya isa zuwa ruwa raspberries sau 1 a mako. Amma a lokacin fure, saiti da ci gaban 'ya'yan itace sau da yawa - sau 2-3 a cikin kwanaki 10.
  • Yawan ruwa ya kamata ya kasance cewa wannan ƙasa tana daɗaɗɗa zuwa zurfin 30-40 cm.
  • A cikin raspberries, ya kamata a cire ciyawa akai-akai.

    Tsarin mulki na dasa shuki na da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar kyawawan tsire-tsire

Bidiyo: Shuka bishiyoyi masu girma

Bayan ƙware da duk intricacies na dasa shuki raspberries, mai novice lambu zai iya samu nasarar girma bushes tare da daban-daban iri berries a kan mãkirci. Tare da kulawa ta dace, rasberi na iya kawo girbi mai kyau kowace shekara.

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