Exzakum (Exacum) yana da alaƙar kai tsaye ga dangin Gentian (Gentianaceae). Wannan nau'in halittar ya hada nau'in 30 na tsirrai masu tsayi. A gida kawai Exacum affine ke girma, wanda shine yake cike da tsibiri na Socotra, wanda ke cikin Tekun Indiya.
Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa mai ban sha'awa shine tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire wanda ke da ƙarfi sosai. Karen daji ne mai yawan gaske, wanda ya kai girman santimita 30. Juicy, kafaffen harbe suna da ɗan gajeren internodes. -An takarda-gajere a haɗe suke; suna da kamannin rhombus tare da gefuna mai santsi. A tsayi, sun kai santimita 3.5. A farfajiya da ganyen koren, ganyayyaki 1 na tsakiya da na 2 ana bayyane, ana fentin su a cikin inuwa mai haske.
Itace tayi fure tsawon watanni 3-4 daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Anana (diamita 15 mm) furanni na fure mai fure a kan fiɗa na mai tushe. Furannin suna da kamshi sosai kuma an rufe daji baki ɗaya da su. Corolla ɗakin kwana, wanda ke da tsari daidai, ya ƙunshi filayen fulawa 5, waɗanda ke da kusan iri iri. Ana iya fentin dabbobi a launuka daban-daban dangane da iri-iri, alal misali, a “Blue Roccet”, “Midget Blue”, “Blue Eyes” suna da haske, kuma a “White Star”, “Midget White”, “Fu¬ji White” - dusar ƙanƙara-fari. Akwai nau'ikan furanni masu launin shuɗi. Duk iri suna lokacin farin ciki gajere na cikakken launi mai rawaya.
Kulawar Exakum a gida
Wannan tsiro, yana girma cikin yanayin halitta, shekara-shekara ce. A gida, ana girma kamar shekara-shekara. Wajibi ne a kula da fitar da dalla-dalla tare da samar da abubuwan da ake buƙata don haɓaka, in ba haka ba furen ba zai sami irin wannan bayyanar ba.
Haske
Yana son haske kuma baya jin tsoron hasken rana kai tsaye. Amma gogaggen fure girbi bayar da shawarar shayar da fure daga tsananin zafin rana hasken rana. Don jeri, taga na gabas, yamma da kudu maso gabas ya dace. Ba'a ba da shawarar sanya shi a kan taga ta arewa ba, tunda a wannan yanayin fure bazai iya faruwa ba. A cikin lokacin dumi, ya fi dacewa don canja wurin shuka zuwa iska mai tsabta ko ma dasa shi a cikin ƙasa a cikin lambu.
Yanayin Zazzabi
Bai yarda da yanayin zafi ba. Yana jin nauyi a zazzabi na 17 zuwa 20. A yanayin zafi mafi girma, ana iya shafa furen cikin rauni. Idan yanayi yayi zafi, dakin da aka ajiye dutsen zai bukaci a sanyaya shi a hankali, yayin da ya tabbatar cewa an kare daji daga zayyana.
Koyaya, fure shima yana tsoron sanyi. Don haka, ya kamata a canza shi zuwa cikin iska mai laushi kawai bayan zafin jiki a titi bai faɗi ƙasa da digiri 13-15 ba.
Yadda ake ruwa
Watering yakamata ya zama mai tsari da yawa. Ya kamata a ɗanɗaɗa ƙasa sosai a kowane lokaci (ba rigar). Koyaya, tabbatar cewa ruwa ba ya yin tururi a cikin tukunya, saboda wannan na iya haifar da lalacewar tushen tsarin da ginin tushen harbe.
Ya zama dole ruwa tare da tsaftataccen ruwa ɗan dumama fiye da yanayin.
Haushi
Yana buƙatar zafi mai zafi. Dole ne a fitar da fure ta hanyar fure daga mai sprayer tare da ruwan Boiled. Spraying bada shawarar da za a za'ayi daga ba daidai ba na foliage, domin kauce wa ruwa samun a kan furanni. Saukad da ruwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, ganimar bayyanar daji, barin mummunar burbushi.
Hakanan, don ƙara yawan zafi, zuba pebbles ko yadudduka yumɓu a cikin kwanon rufi kuma zuba ruwa kadan. Kuma zaku iya sanya akwati na bude ruwa kusa da fure.
Cakuda ƙasa
Madadin da ya dace da shuka dole ne ya zama ɗan acidic ko tsaka tsaki, kuma dole ne ya ba da izinin iska da ruwa su ratsa ta da kyau. Don shirye-shiryen cakuda ƙasa, ya zama dole a haɗa humus, ganye, turɓaya da filayen peat, har da yashi mai laushi, wanda aka ɗauka a yankuna daidai. Dace da sayan ƙasa na duniya don tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
Suna dasa furanni a manyan, tukunyar ƙasa saboda suna da tushen asalinsu. Kar a manta yin kyakkyawan ruwan magudanar ruwa a kasan tanki, fashewar yashi ko yumbu mai kauri suna da kyau a wannan. Don sa daji ya fi yawa, an bada shawara a shuka yawancin kwastomomi a cikin tukunya ɗaya. A cikin shagunan fure kawai za'a iya sayan irin waɗannan kyawawan bushes.
Taki
An ciyar dasu sau 2 ko sau 3 cikin sati 4. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin gargajiya na tsire-tsire na fure.
Siffofin Juyawa
Ba a aiwatar da juyawa ba, saboda dole ne a sabunta fure duk shekara.
Mai jan tsami
Kada a yi girka, saboda itace ce mai kyau sosai. Koyaya, tsawon, fure mai yawa, furanni wilted dole ne a cire su akai-akai.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Wannan fure za'a iya yada shi ta hanyar tsaba da iri. Shuka da tsaba ne da za'ayi a cikin makonni na ƙarshe na kaka. Tsaba kawai ke warwatse a saman ƙasa. An rufe akwati da gilashi. Bayan rabin wata seedlings suka fito. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna fara yin fure yana da shekaru 5-6.
Don abin rikewa, kuna buƙatar yanke tushe mai tushe, wanda ya kamata a sami 3 internodes. Don tushen tushe, yi amfani da gilashin ruwa ko abin da keɓaɓɓen fure da gyada. Rooting yana da sauri sosai (makonni 1.5-2).
Hakanan zaka iya siyan shuka wanda ya girma, wanda yakamata a fara fure a cikin shago na musamman.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Mafi sau da yawa, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, aphids ko ji ana samun su a irin tsire-tsire. Don rabu da aphids da mites gizo-gizo, ya wajaba a kurkura furen a ƙarƙashin shawa mai zafi (kimanin digiri 45). Ya kamata a cire taushi da hannu. Don yin wannan, ɗauki swab na auduga, sanyaya shi a cikin shirye-shiryen ƙwayar cuta na musamman, sannan a hankali cire kwari.
Dankin ba shi da lafiya mafi yawan lokuta saboda gaskiyar cewa an kula da shi yadda ya kamata:
- Grey rot - Zai iya bayyana a kan shuka saboda tsawaita tsawa ta ruwa a cikin substrate a ƙananan zafin jiki.
- Yellowing ganye - Yawan yawa ruwa shima laifi ne akan wannan.
- Baƙin bushe furanni da bushe bushe na fure - Yayi karancin zafi.
