Pushkinia (Puschkinia) - shahararren wakilin Hyacinth subfamily ne, wanda a cikin sa yake daga dangin Sparzhev. Asalin sunan yana da alaƙa da sunan sanannen masanin kimiyyar Rasha Musin-Pushkin, wanda ya yi nazarin ba kawai ma'adanai ba, har ma da ilmin sunadarai. Da farko ya samo wannan tsiro a cikin tsaunin Ararat. Bayan ƙirar Botanical na gargajiya, ana kiran furen dwarf hyacinth. Wadannan tsirrai suna da yawa sosai gama gari tsakanin jinsuna.
Harshen Pushkin ya kasu kashi biyu cikin kungiyoyi da dama. A cikin daji, ana samun su galibi a ƙananan wurare a cikin ƙasa mai dutse. Ana ganin filayen tsibirin na Caucasus da kuma Yankin Yammacin Asiya sune wurare masu dacewa don ci gaban Pushkin.
Bayanin bayanin shuka na Pushkinia
A lokacin furanni, an rufe shuka da furanni masu launin shuɗi-sama mai launin shuɗi. Tsawon bushes zai iya kaiwa har zuwa cm 20. Siffar ganye shine layi-bel-like. Afaafan lebur na hular kore cikakke an tattara su ne cikin jerin abubuwa guda 2 kusa da gindin tushe. Furanni suna samar da ƙananan ƙanƙan tsere na tsefe tsefe kuma suna fitar da haske ƙanshin haske. Samuwar ƙwayoyin farko a farji na faruwa a 'yan kwanaki bayan bayyanar ganye. 'Ya'yan itacen shuka suna kama da akwatin ɗimbin yawa. Abubuwan suna zagaye, fentin su a cikin launi mai haske launin ruwan kasa.
Furannin Pushkinia sun fara buɗewa da isowa farkon zafin bazara. Sakamakon kayan kwalliyar ta, tsiron ya shahara sosai tsakanin masu lambu da mazauna bazara. Ana shuka su sau da yawa a cikin wuraren dutsen, inda suke haɗuwa daidai tare da dukkanin perennials na fure kuma suna iya yin gasa mai dacewa ga sauran tsararru.
Dasa Tura Pushkinia a bude take
Shuka tsaba
Don girma cannabis tare da taimakon tsaba, kuna buƙatar yin ƙoƙari da yawa da lokaci, duk da haka, haɓakar iri sun ba da tabbacin ɗimbin girma na harbi, bisa ga shawarwari don kulawar fure yayin girma. Yana yiwuwa a ga farkon fure kawai shekaru 4 bayan dasa shuki. Samuwar wata ganye kore yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo. Shuka ne da za'ayi a farkon lokacin rani ko damina, kafin farkon sanyi. Adana iri a cikin firiji, riƙe da yanayi mai laushi a cikin akwati iri.
Yadda ake shuka
Idan an aiwatar da shuka kafin lokacin hunturu, to, tsaba za su iya fuskantar rarrafewar halitta a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi ta bazara. Kafin fara shuka, ya kamata a shirya gado mai kyau a hankali. Cannons suna girma da kyau a cikin ƙasa mai ciyawa da sako-sako, wanda ya ƙunshi peat, yashi da humus. Zaka iya zaɓar duka yankin da aka haskaka, kuma yana cikin inuwa. Zurfin shuka ya zama aƙalla cm 5. Don hana bayyanar ciyawar da riƙe danshi, ciyawa yankin bayan an dasa shuki.
Kula da lambun
Kulawa da fure shine kusan babu bambanci da kula da wasu perennials a gonar. Babban ayyukan sune shayarwa, weeding, loosening, fertilizing da pruning bushe inflorescences. An ba da shawarar yin watsi da loosening na mãkirci, tun da weeds sami damar nutsar da girma da m harbe na turakiniya. Mulching kasar gona yana sa ya yiwu a nan gaba don sauƙaƙe aikinku kuma ku guji yin sako-sako.
Ana yin riguna na farko a farkon Maris. Kamar yadda takin zamani, ana amfani da abubuwan haɗa ma'adinai, misali, nitrophosphate, wanda aka rarraba a ko'ina akan wurin. Ana ɗaukar kimanin 50-60 g na abu a kowane murabba'in 1. Lokacin da ƙasa ta thaws ƙarƙashin rinjayar rana bazara, ana buƙatar kwance gado, to, ƙwayoyin zasu yi girma da sauri. Idan bazara ya juya ba tare da hazo ba, matasa tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ƙarin danshi. Regular ruwa yana saurin bunƙasa ganye.
A duk tsawon lokacin, yana da muhimmanci a lura da yankin da Pushkinia ta girma. Yana da mahimmanci don cire ciyawa, fure mai bushe, bushe da harbe a lokacin, in ba haka ba kamuwa da cuta daga bushes ɗin da ke kamuwa da cuta zai bazu zuwa wasu perennials. Idan kuna aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan farko da tsari, da biyan kuɗin kai a kai a kai ga shuka, farhaniya, kasancewa cikin manyan abubuwan tarihi, zai zama abin ban sha'awa na bazara mai ban sha'awa ga kowane lambu.
Pushkinia bayan fure
Don tabbatar da ingantaccen hunturu, yankin da aka dasa shukar an cika shi da ciyawa, ya kunshi humus da peat. Tare da isowar zafin bazara, irin wannan Layer mai kariya zai riƙe danshi mai mahimmanci da adana lokaci a cikin sako sako.
Furannin wannan nau'in ana iya girma a gida akan windowsill. A cikin bazara, ana dasa kwararan fitila da yawa a cikin tukunyar matsakaici mai cike da ƙasa wanda ya kunshi ƙasa turf, yashi da humus, kuma an aika ajiya don watanni biyu a cikin duhu dakin. Kada zafin jiki ya wuce digiri 10. Daga nan sai a fitar da karfin zuwa wani wuri mai haske. Bayan 'yan makonni kaɗan, farkon farashi na fure a farfajiyoyin.
Kwararan fitila na cannons da suka yi fure ana iya sake amfani dasu don distillation. Idan an tabbatar da kulawa da adana ta dace, sabon harbe da zai iya fure ya girma daga garesu.
Yaduwa daga Pushkinia
Busheswararrun bushes na Pushkinia, ban da barin, suna buƙatar jigilar lokaci. Tsawon shekaru 5, kwan fitila ɗaya mai lafiya na iya haɓaka yara da yawa. Albasa mai yadudduka a wannan yanayin sun yi kusa da juna, wanda hakan ya keta kayan ado na shuka. A lokacin juyawa, an rabu da su daga kwan fitila sannan a adana su har sai lokacin bazara. Da farkon zafin rana, ana shuka albasa da aka girma a lokacin hunturu a kan wani shiri da aka shirya a gonar, suna lura da nisan nisa tsakanin ramuka aƙalla cm 10 Suna tsaka-tsaki cikin rarrabewa aƙalla 5-6.
Ka tuna fa gaskiyar cewa kwararan fitila marasa kange suna jujjuyawa. Yana da mahimmanci kada a rasa lokacin, in ba haka ba yaran zasu rasa taɓawa tare da kwanon mahaifiyar kuma zasu fara watsewa. Ana amfani da kwan fitila cikakke kuma shirye don rarrabe idan ganyen Pushkinia ya bushe. An cire shi a hankali daga ƙasa kuma ya bushe. Arean ƙaramin albasarta suna girma dabam, kuma ana adana manyan kwafi har sai lokacin bazara a wuri mai sanyin iska, don a lokacin bazara za'a iya amfani dasu don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Ana kiyaye fitila a cikin kwalaye na katako cike da rigar sawdust ko peat.
Cutar da kwari
Furen Pushkinia yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan nan masu haɗari kamar su launin toka da kamuwa da cuta. Alamar launin toka mai bayyana tana bayyana a cikin nau'in launin ruwan kasa a cikin ganyayyaki da mai tushe na shuka. Sanadin cutar ita ce mafi daɗaɗɗiyar ƙwayar cuta ta botritis, wanda ke da ikon motsawa daga bushes da ke da lafiya kuma ya kamu da furanni masu lafiya tare da spores.
Don dalilai na hanawa, ana bada shawara ga shayar da shuka a gindin, yana hana ci gaba da saukad da ruwa a cikin ganyayyaki. Wuce kima aikace-aikacen da takin mai magani na nitrogen ma yana cutar da ci gaba da haɓaka cannons. Don dakatar da yaduwar naman gwari, ana bi da bushes tare da waɗannan sinadarai masu zuwa: Topaz, Champion, Cuproxat ko ruwa Bordeaux. A cikin lokuta na musamman, lokacin da yawancin ƙwayar perennial ke kamuwa da cuta, ana amfani da mafita na Fundazol da Previkur don sarrafawa.
Fure kwararan fitila sha wahala daga rot. Idan kun fara cutar, ganyen fure ya fara jujjuya launin, kuma an rufe kwasfa na kwararan fitila tare da launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa. Kwayoyin naman gwari na iya shiga ƙasa. A cikin yaƙar ƙwayar fungi, ana amfani da kwayoyi masu ɗauke da jan ƙarfe. Don dasa, ana bada shawara don zaɓar kwararan fitila mafi lafiya.
Achelenchoidis wani nau'in cuta ne na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta wanda acikin sikeli ya canza launi kuma ya jujjuya da lokaci. Kwakwalwa tare da alamun cutar rashin lafiya dole ne a hallaka. Ya kamata a dasa kayan da ke da lafiyayyen kayan shuka a cikin ruwan zafi kafin a tura su zuwa gado.
Furannin Pushkin suna jan hankalin mice. A sanya shi a shafin yanar gizo na tsoratar da jijiyoyin. Baya ga su, da kwararan fitila ci namomin kaza, wanda ciyar a kan m Sikeli. Wannan ba zai faru ba idan an bi da su tare da jami'in kashe kwari.
Iri da nau'ikan Pushkinia
A cikin wallafe-wallafen akwai bayanin nau'ikan Pushkinia iri biyu.
Pushkinia hyacinth - Ya girma a cikin yanayi na halitta a gabashin Transcaucasia da kuma a yankin Arewacin Iran. Plantungiyar ta fi son wuraren da ke da rana a kan tudun duwatsun kuma suna kama da dwarf fure na fure tare da ganye mai madaidaiciya. Kwararan fitila suna ƙanana. Tsawon farfajiyar ba ya wuce cm 15. Fenti an fentin cikin launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Zane mai shuɗi mai haske zai fito a kan shinge na fure. Lokacin fure na wannan nau'in Pushkinia yana daga ranakun 10 zuwa makonni 3.
Pushkinia-kamar - wanda aka samo akan lawn ko tsaunin dutse a cikin Turkiyya, Iran, Lebanon. Furen yana da ƙarancin daji tare da ganyen kunkuntar guda biyu masu cike da koren launi. Peduncles sun fi tsayi fiye da nau'in cannon da ya gabata. Paan ƙaramin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi kamar karrarawa suna da shuɗi na shuɗi. Suna samar da ƙananan ƙarancin tseren tsere na tsefe-tsalle, tsawon sa bai kai cm 12 ba.Yawan shuka yana fure a watan Mayu kuma yana cika yankin gonar ƙanshi na tsawon makonni 3.
Don Pushkinia proleskovidnoy kuma ya shafi Turakin LebanonA na kowa subtype na fure. Masu aikin lambu sau da yawa suna yin ado da rukunin filaye da sauran wurare a cikin lambun tare da kama da fure iri iri. 'Ya'yan wannan Pushkinia sun fi sauran jinsuna girma. Kula da ita a kan ka’ida iri daya ta ga sauran tsirrai.
