Dattijon kayan aikin Elderberry

Elderberry yana ɗayan bushes "mu". Ana iya samunsa a cikin wuraren shakatawa da kuma a gefunan gandun daji, amma saboda wasu dalilai, an dauki matsanancin kyawun kayan gargajiya ba ma kayan ado ba don gabatarwa ga lambuna. Amma elderberry yana da wani abin alfahari game da: lokacin farin ciki, kambi mai cike da fara'a, kyawawan furanni na bazara mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki, amma ba koyaushe ake samun 'ya'yan itaciyar ba - waɗannan abubuwan kawai tabbas ne. Black elderberry yana daya daga cikin tsirrai masu ƙanshi. Ruwan shayarwa, syrups, jams an yi su ne daga ƙarancin ta, kuma ana warkar da berries cikakke da dandano da ƙamshin rashin daidaituwa. Kuma nau'in murmushin rashin nasara yana tsoratar da ƙwayoyin kwari da kwari. Wannan daji yana da m ne kawai a kallon farko. Ya na da nau'ikan launuka daban-daban na launuka daban-daban ko na launuka daban-daban. Iyakar abin da aka samu na rashin jituwa na tsohuwar tsufa shine kawai girmanta, amma kuma suna da mahimmanci ga shinge.

Elderberry baƙar fata ne. We John Weiser

Hutu baya nufin katako mai ban sha'awa

Hakanan ana kiranta da Sambuca, itaciyar dattijo amintacce ce, anyi birgima kuma an manta da shi. Samu sunan Botanical - sambucus - ko dai don girmamawa ga kayan kida da ake yi daga harbe ta, ko kuma don girmamawa ta amfani da canza launi iri iri har yau, Eldberry na iya mamakin ba wai kawai cikin juriya ba. Yankin daji mai girma da yawa wanda muka saba da shi shine tsiro mai ado har zuwa na mai amfani.

Elderberries bishiyoyi ne ko ƙananan bishiyoyi tare da kambi mai yawa, kambi mai yawa, saurin girma da girma. Girman kai, ba shi da kyau, yana da kyan gani. Umbrella inflorescences ne yadin da aka saka da kuma m. Baƙar fata ko ja, kyandir mai kyau da kuma kyawawan kyawawan datti a cikin kayansa na birgewa (kuma ja elderberry shima guba ne). Amma tare da baƙar fata baƙar fata a lokacin kulawa da zafi, suna ba ku damar samun wasu shirye-shiryen berry na asali don hunturu.

Duk da gaskiyar cewa oldberry alama m, yana alfahari mai yawa iri-iri. A yanayi, ana wakilta shi da nau'in tsire-tsire 40, yayin da 14 daga cikinsu ana ɗaukarsu ado ne. Gaskiya ne, wasu basu da tushe ko kaɗan a al'adun al'adun gargajiya kuma ba su da wuya sosai.

“Black Lake” (Sambucus nigra 'Black lace'). SpanMaja

Bari mu kasance da masaniya da mafi kyawun nau'ikan kayan ado na elderberry:

Tsoho black

Mafi shahararren nau'in elderberry shine Tsoho black (Sambucus nigra) Wannan kyakkyawar rawar gani ce, itace mai fadi da ke da kambi mai nauyi ta hanyar yanayi mai kyau ko laima. A tsayi, black elderberry ya kai mita 5-7, amma an kafa shi da kyau kuma an kame shi ta hanyar girke. Musamman mahimmanci a matsayin babban, a tsaye babban tushe na shinge a kewayen kewaye da shafin. Haushi yana da launin toka, haske, ganye har zuwa 30 cm a tsayi an yi musu ado da firam mai kaifi. Furannin furanni suna da launin rawaya mai haske, mai kamshi sosai, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin labulen buɗewar furanni na inflorescences tare da diamita na har zuwa cm 20. blackwalƙarinta na baki, launuka masu haske suna riƙe da kyau a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa kuma sun dace da adana (kuma inflorescences sun dace da ruwan inabi, syrups, tinctures).

An sauya tsire-tsire a yau a matsayin nau'in ado ta siffofin kayan ado - pyramidal (pyramidalis), hawaye (pendula), low (nana), ganye-zinare (aurea), farin-motley (albo-variegata), gwal-motley (aureo-variegata) ywaƙwalwa ko hange (pulverulenta), an watsa shi tare da ganyayyaki masu santsi (laciniata).

Blackberry blackberry (Sambucus nigra var. Laciniata). Nder Onderwijsgek

Haka kuma akwai daidaitattun nau'in baƙar fata na tsohuwar ƙwayar cuta.:

"Linearis" har zuwa tsayin mita 2.5 tare da kyakkyawan kambin lush, amma ire-iren furanni a yankuna masu tsananin sanyi ba su da amfani;
"Luteovariegata" - mai fadi, mai iyaka zuwa 1.5 m tsayi tare da jinkirin girma da ganye mai ban mamaki;
"Guincho Purple" har zuwa mita 2 tsayi, ganye wanda ya canza launi mai launin shuɗi, da farko cikin kayan fitowar bazara, sannan ya fashe cikin kaka tare da fitilun carmine-ja, tare da furanni ruwan hoda da ruwan hoda;
m ganye da launin shuɗi iri-iri "Black Beauty";
classic tawada-shunayya kyakkyawa iri-iri na Purpurea;
matsakaici-sized, har zuwa 2.5 cm cultivar tare da ratsi na azurfa da kirim ko iyaka a kusa da gefen ganye, haɓaka mai sauri da kambi mai rarrafe sosai "Marginata", da sauransu.

Bakar fata "Madonna" (Sambucus nigra 'Madonna'). Rey Andrey Zharkikh

“Black Lake” (Sambucus nigra 'Black lace'). Wendy:

Black oldberry “Pulverulent” (Sambucus nigra 'Pulverulenta'). © Alama Watts

Dattijon ja

Dattijon ja (Sambucus tsemosa), mun kuma san matsayin elderberry - inji mai yawan ƙarfi. A tsayi, an iyakance shi zuwa mita 2-4, amma a lokaci guda asalin sa, furannin ja masu haske mai guba, kuma daji bai cika girma sosai ba. Amma halayyar ta ƙarshe ita ce ba ta da aibi. Just airy, lacy, rare inflorescences wannan oldberry ze sihiri, shimmering kuma na musamman. Rawanin ja na datti yana da ban mamaki, mai yawa, kuma ganyayyaki sun fi kyau kyau, tare da nuna ƙyalli, kyawawan lobes. Ganyen furanni masu launin shuɗi ko shuɗi masu banƙyama a cikin inflorescences suna kama da kumfa kuma sun kasance har zuwa makonni uku.

Dattijon ja (Sambucus tsemosa). © naturgucker

Ofaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin wannan nau'in shine haɓakar saurin sauri, yiwuwar zaɓar nau'ikan kayan ado da haɓaka azaman tsararren shuka. Mafi shahararrun lambun siffofin jan elderberry sune:

tsaran Nana, dwarf shrub tare da kambi mai kamshi sosai;
ganyen da aka watsa (laciniata) tare da kambi mai kama da alfarma kuma abin mamaki firinji na filigree;
cirrus elderberry (plumosa), tare da Cloves kai kusan rabin ganye ganye tare da gefen kuma matasa matasa ganye, kazalika da daya daga iri - rawaya-leaved "Plumosa Aurea";
form purpurea tare da ruwan hoda-purple inflorescences;
flavescens tare da 'ya'yan itace-orange-orange;
budewar kayan aiki da nauyin bakin ciki mai nauyi-Tenuifolia ;.
saitin ganyen zinare na "Sutherland Gold".

Dattijan Kanada

Kyakkyawan kambi "tier" - girman kai na ƙarancinmu, amma kyakkyawa ne mai ban sha'awa Dattijan Kanada (Sambucus canadensis) Harshen launin shuɗi-mai launin toka, babba, hadaddun ganye tare da launi mai launin shuɗi, fure mai ruwan rawaya mai laushi a cikin manyan scutellae, da 'ya'yan itaciyar shuɗi zagaye masu duhu suna sa wannan dattijan ya kasance mai kyau a duk lokacin aiki. Al'ada ce mai jure yanayin inuwa, tana girma da sauri kuma a cikin lambuna ba su wuce mita 3 ba. Yana kawo wadataccen kayan rubutu, tsari mai ban mamaki da kuma zane, foliage din sa na ado ne, kuma kambi ne mai matukar kyan gani. Baya ga tsari na asali, akwai nau'ikan kayan ado masu ban sha'awa:

babban ganye-Canadian Canadian maxima;
m, tare da ganye da aka watsa, nau'in acutiloba (acutiloba);
yellow-leaved, tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu haske-kore, kore-elderberry (chlorocarpa);
nau'in ganyen zinare na Aurea, tare da ruwan rawaya mai launin rawaya, kayan hura haske na lokacin rani da fashewar zinare a cikin kaka, kyakkyawa wacce ke nuna fifikon 'ya'yan itacen ceri.

Dattijan Kanada (Sambucus canadensis). Lip Phillip Merritt

Sibold Elderberry

Kyawawan tsarin tsarin kambi ya bambanta wani nau'in jinsunan da ba a sani ba - Sibold Elderberry (Sambucus sieboldiana) Tsarin ganyen sa yana ɗan tuno da itacen dabino. Itace mai ƙarfi, mai tsayi mai tsayi har tsawon mita 8 a cikin lambuna yawanci ana iyakance zuwa 3-3.5 m. Leayoyin buɗeffen ganye sun kai 20 cm a tsayi kuma 5-6 a faɗin, kaifi, dogayen lamuransu suna jaddada kyawun tsarin. Inflorescences, kamar goge 'ya'yan itace, sako-sako ne, mara hankali.

Sibucus dattiya (Sambucus sieboldiana). Qwert1234

Dattijan ciyawa

Shuka da ba ta shuka ba don halittar dan adam - Dattijan ciyawa (Sambucus ebulus) Duk da kasancewar saƙar ɗanyen bishiyoyi, rikice-rikice ne na herbaceous, wanda ya kai mita 1.5. Ya sassaka kyawawan ganye suna buɗe labulen buɗe ido, inflorescences-umbrellas kambi da harbe, kuma manyan 'ya'yan itãcen duhu suna da guba. Wannan inji yana da matukar kyau, amma ya zama sananne, da farko, saboda ƙanshi mai daɗin ji, wanda ke fitar da kwari da ƙwaƙwalwa. Amma busassun harbe na shuka suna da kyau sosai kuma ana amfani dasu don zuba apples cikin ajiya. Tana da matukar ƙarfi, Tushen suna da kauri, yana da wahala ka fitar da ita daga gonar. Saboda haka, ciyawa mai ciyawa na buƙatar dasa shuki a wuraren da zai iya creep (ko kuma ɗayan farko tare da ɗakunan allo).

Dattijon ciyawa (Sambucus ebulus). © naturgucker

Da yawa ƙasa da na kowa:

Dattijon (Sambucus latipinna), 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ruwan launi da shunayya, launi mai duhu, da ganyayyaki sun fi girma;
tsayi, har zuwa 4 m siriri Siberian datti (sambucus sibirica)
fure, oldberry-kamar ja Elderberry Fluffy (Sambucus kumbura) tsayi da diamita har zuwa 2.5 m;
ya dace da shinge mai faɗi a ƙasa, har zuwa 2 m Kamchatka datti (Sambucus kamtschatica);
Dattijon shuɗi (Sambucus cerulea) - ɗayan mafi girma, mai iya shimfiɗa tsayi zuwa mita 5-10 a tsayi, tare da matasa masu harbe-harbe, ƙaramin haushi, ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi da furanni masu kamshi masu ɗamara, bayan wannnan yalwataccen baƙi-baƙar fata, tare da kyakkyawar fure mai launin shuɗi.

Dattijon blue (Sambucus cerulea). Ok brookstreefarm

Yin amfani da oldberries a cikin aikin lambu na ado

Ana daukar Elderberry ɗayan manyan tsirrai na lambu. Amma wannan tsire-tsire ya dace ba kawai don matsakaici da manyan lambuna ba: a cikin wuraren karamin elderberry zai taimaka maye gurbin manyan ƙungiyoyi kuma ƙirƙirar shinge-layi guda tare da tasiri iri ɗaya kamar dazuka da yawa. Ee, kuma daji mai tsayi na iya maye gurbin babban itace, da samun girma da kwarjini da nuna kwalliya. Karamin siffofin da ire-iren manyan bishiyoyi sun bada izinin gabatar da bishiyar datti a cikin abubuwanda aka sanya kayan ado, kuma sabon abu mai inganci da ingantaccen fure ya bayyana kyawun datti daga sabbin bangarorin.

Bushes na Olderberry a cikin shinge ya cika lambuna da rai. Yana jan hankalin kwari da tsuntsaye, yana zama kyakkyawan tsari ga kayan wasannin yara a shafin. A lokacin furanni, yana jan tsire-tsire na zuma da mangwaro.

Ana amfani da Elderberry:

azaman lafazi guda, alal misali, a baya, kunnuwa na gidan;
kamar ciyawa mai tsayi a cikin kullun;
a cikin rawar tushen tushen shinge na shimfidar wuri;
don kariya a gefen wurin daga iska, zane-zane, gurbataccen iska daga babbar hanyar;
don ƙirƙirar asalin lush da maki mai hankali;
a cikin rukunin kayan ado tare da sauran bishiyoyi da tsintsiya, a matsayin tushen abubuwan da aka tsara, mafi girman kuma mafi tsayuwa "cibiyar" kayan ado wanda aka kewaye da bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi;
a matsayin rashin tunani na huhun jini;
don ƙungiyoyi a kan Lawn;
kamar yadda aka dasa shukar maski
don mayar da kwari a wuraren nishaɗi da wuraren tsabtace muhalli, tsirar takin.

Dattijon baƙar fata yana hawaye (ambucus nigra f. Pendula). W sunadarai

Yanayin Elderberry

Elderberry ya dace da yanayi iri-iri. Ita kuma a yanayi ta sami damar rayuwa a cikin rana mai haske da cikakkiyar fure a ƙarƙashin wata igiyar daji mai lalacewa. Kuma ciyawar tana riƙe da damar iya daidaitawa iri ɗaya a cikin al'adun al'adun gargajiya: duka rana mai haske da m inuwa sun dace da elderberry. Gaskiya ne, iri da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in Eldberry suna buƙatar zaɓi mafi tsauri na hasken wuta: tare da kowane shading, sun rasa launirsu kuma yana da kyau a sanya su a rana. Elderberry yana jin daɗin girma a cikin kowane gurɓataccen yanayin, ciki har da a cikin birane. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi Hardy da fari haƙuri shrubs.

Amma abinci mai gina jiki yana da kyau a biya ƙarin hankali ga. Elderberry zai zama ciyawa mai daɗin gaske ne kawai a kan ƙasa mai matsakaici ko ƙasa mai gina jiki. Idan kambiyoyinta ba za su kasance a bayyane gabaɗaya ba, ana amfani da daji ne kawai azaman fille don shinge, da yawa daga murfin disiduous da kyakkyawa na fure ba su da mahimmanci - ku ji 'yanci ku dasa shuka a kan ƙasa mara kyau. Siffofin ado da iri suna da yawan buƙatu na ƙasa fiye da nau'ikan asali. Elderberry bai yi haƙuri musamman acidic da m kasa, fi son loams tare da sako-sako da sako da matsakaici zafi, amma kuma iya daidaita zuwa more kasa.

Dankin dasa

Kafin dasa shuki elderberry, yana da kyau a inganta ƙasa a cikin wata ta tono mai zurfi da ƙara kowane takin ma'adinan da ya cika, kuma in ya yiwu - takin.

Ana iya dasa Elderberries biyu a cikin kaka da kuma bazara, yayin da ake dasa shuki ya fi amfani da atan shekaru a shekaru biyu.

An haƙa rami na Elderberry a daidai da girman tushen tsarin seedling. Lokacin dasawa, dole ne a sanya datti a daidai zurfin a inda shuka ya girma a baya. Nan da nan bayan dasa shuki na black elderberry, yana da kyau a yanke hanzarin manyan harbe kuma cikakke yankan rassan masu rauni da lalace. Sauran nau'ikan ba'a datsa su. Cikakken ban ruwa ne da za'ayi nan da nan bayan dasa kuma maimaita don kula barga ƙasa danshi har sai shuka ya saba da sabon wuri.

Elderberry a cikin lambun fure. Vis Travis Patrick

Kula da dattijon

Young tsire-tsire, kazalika da black elderberry a kowane zamani, za su amsa da godiya ga yawan watering a cikin fari. Adult elderberry na kowane nau'in ornamental, banda baƙar fata, yana ba da haƙuri fari kuma baya buƙatar shayarwa.

Don adana kanka ko da daga kulawa ta asali, ya fi kyau ƙirƙirar Layer ciyawa a ƙarƙashin ciyawar kowace shekara a lokacin bazara, ta amfani da takin ko taki don kare kariya. Irin wannan mulching zai ba ku damar ƙin takin. Idan ba a yi mulching ba, to don oldberries a farkon shekaru 2-3 bayan dasa shuki, zai fi kyau a samar da weeding da kwance ƙasa. Ma'adinai na ma'adinai don elderberry ana amfani da shi ne kawai lokacin da ya zama akwai rauni, a bayyane yake. A irin waɗannan halayen, a cikin bazara ya fi kyau a gabatar da cikakkun abubuwan haɗin ma'adinai a cikin ƙasa a cikin daidaitaccen sashi tare da ruwa don ban ruwa.

Elderberry pruning shine zalla mai jan hankali. Shuka na iya, a nufin, a ƙarshen hunturu - farkon bazara, don kafawa, fitar da bakin ciki, cire rassan da ba dole ba kafin farawa. Kuma zaku iya amfani da dabarar daidaitattun:

Ana aiwatar da daskararren pruning na oldberries a cikin bazara a cikin nau'i na kayan tsabta: a kan bushes, kawai bushe da lalace an cire rassan.
Ana yin aski sau 1 a cikin shekaru 4-5: don sabunta kambi da kuma sake sabuntawa, duk wani dattijo shine mafi kyawun yanke zuciya. Yana sakewa da sauri kwatsam bayan matso mai karfi; itace shuki ce mai cike da fasahar harbi mai kyau, wanda koda bayan girki mai karfi ya sake girma cikin yanayin watanni.

Iyakar abin da banda shi ne duk iri da kuma siffofin baƙar fata, oldberry, wanda fi son ba daya anti-tsufa pruning, amma shekara-shekara sabon daga cikin harbe na kwata na tsawon, cire thickening da ba dole ba tushen rassan tare da tsabta tsabta a farkon bazara.

Bayan yankan rauni, ya fi dacewa a bi da shi tare da lambun var.

Dattijan hunturu

Wannan daji ba don komai ba ana la'akari dashi a cikin gida: an daidaita shi sosai don namo a yankuna tare da yanayin sanyi, baya buƙatar kowane shiri don lokacin sanyi ko a tsakiyar layi, ba arewa. A wasu nau'ikan da nau'ikan, sassan da ba a daidaita su ba daga cikin harbe suna daskarewa, amma an sake dawo da elderberry kuma baya rasa kyan gani.

Dattijon a cikin lambu. Works Tsirrai masu Ruwa

Kwaro da Cututtuka

Duk nau'in Eldberry ana daukar su mai dauriya da dauriya. Ba sa fama da kwari da cututtuka, amma wasu nau'ikan kayan ado na black elderberry galibi suna fama da aphids. Don rigakafin, za a iya yayyafa bushes tare da kwari a farkon bazara.

Hanyoyin yaduwar Elderberry

A cikin nau'in ado da nau'in oldberries, ana amfani da hanyoyin ciyayi na asali. Ba kamar fruitan itace da sauran tsirrai na yau da kullun ba, mafi kyawun jinsin bazai riƙe halayen su ba yayin da aka sabunta daga tsaba. Idan kun girma asali na nau'ikan halitta, musamman baƙar fata blackberry, to, ana iya shuka iri na shuka nan da nan bayan girbi da bushewa. Suna kan tsire-tsire, suna zurfafawa zuwa 2-3 cm a tsakiyar Oktoba kuma mulching amfanin gona daga sama tare da kowane kayan da ake samarwa.

Don yankewa a cikin bazara, an yanke firam na shekara-shekara game da tsawon cm 30. Gunda Elderberry suna dasa kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe, tare da zurfin 15 cm.Idan kana son yin amfani da cuttings-lignified cuttings, to, yana da kyau a yanka su a tsakiyar bazara, a cikin tushen koranin shinkafa, a zurfafa kawai cm 5. Ba a dasa ganyen ba sai faɗuwar shekara mai zuwa, bayan wannan ana tura su zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.

Ana samun layoyi daga kusan dukkanin nau'in elderberry na ado banda baƙar fata. A lokacin da dasa harbe dug a cikin uwa daji, za ka iya samun shuke-shuke da za su iya Bloom a shekara ta uku bayan dasa. Ana buƙatar yin ruwa don tushen.