Gladioli wakilan bulbous ne, waɗanda ba a la'akari da su musamman abin da aka sani. Suna da kyau musamman a yankan - na dogon lokaci suna ci gaba da sabuwa da kyawun launuka. Akwai wasu sirrin girma don gladioli, lura da, wanda zaku iya cimma fure mai tsayi da ingantaccen haifuwa daga furanninku. Kuma, da farko, suna da alaƙa da dasa gladioli. Yadda za a dasa gladioli a gonar, za mu gaya a cikin labarin.
Gladiolus.
Zabi wani wuri don dasa gladioli
Gladioli yayi talauci kuma yayi girma a wuraren da aka rufe. Sabili da haka, zaɓar wuri don saukowa, ba zaɓi ga wuraren rana. Wannan ba kawai samar da kyakkyawan fure ba, amma kuma yana hana ci gaban cututtuka. Hanyar da ke haifar da mafi yawan cututtukan yawancin ci gaba sosai a cikin yankuna masu dausayi.
Tabbas, ba kowane rukunin yanar gizo ba ne zaka iya samun wurin kwanciyar hankali koyaushe. A wannan batun, ya kamata a tuna cewa shading na gladioli daga gefen gabas yana jinkirta fure na kwanaki 15-20, yayin shading daga kudu - su, gabaɗaya, bazai yi fure ba.
Tare da tsayawa tsayin daka na ruwan karkashin kasa, toshewar tsirrai na iya faruwa, tunda iska ba ta shiga asalin sa. A cikin yankuna masu irin wannan yanayin don gladioli zaɓi wuraren mafi tsayi ko yin babban tudu. A cikin yanayin dumin yanayi mai zafi, ba za a yi kwari ba.
Abin da kawai cewa gladiolus shuke-shuke gaba daya cinye danshi daga ban ruwa, shi wajibi ne don dasa su a nesa ba kusa da 3-5m daga itãce, kuma sauran plantings. Yana da kyau don shuki ya kiyaye lambun fure daga iska mai ƙarfi ta arewa da yamma.
A kan shafin da aka zaɓa mara kyau, gladioli ba kawai Bloom talauci, amma kuma kada ku samar da cikakken corm. A sakamakon haka, kuma shekara mai zuwa ba zai yiwu a sami fure mai kyau ba saboda kayan dasa kayan ƙarancinsu.
Kasar gona shiri don gladioli
An shirya ƙasa don gladioli a cikin fall. Mafi kyawun ƙasa a kansu shine ƙasa baƙar fata, loamy light da yashi loamy. Clayasa mai yumɓu mai laushi, peaty da gari mai yashi, galibi ana samunsu a wuraren lambun, suna buƙatar haɓaka. An haɗa yashi a cikin peat, peat zuwa ƙasa mai yashi, yashi da peat zuwa ƙasa mai yumɓu.
Don gladioli, ƙasa an ɗanɗaɗa ɗan ƙaramin acidic na matsakaici an zaɓi - pH 5.5-6.5. Saboda haka, kafin dasa shuki corms, ana bincika ƙasa. Don yin wannan, a cikin maki huɗu zuwa biyar na shafin ɗauki gilashin ƙasa kuma ƙaddamar da bincike ga ɗakin agrochemical. Zai fi kyau yin bincike a cikin bazara. Dangane da sakamakon da ya samu, mai girbi zai iya tsaida ba kawai acidity na kasar ba, har ma da adadin abubuwanda aka gano a ciki. Tare da babban acidity, an ƙara quicklime ko alli a cikin ƙasa a cikin adadin 100-200 g da 1 m².
Dugasan da ke ƙarƙashin gladioli an haƙa har zuwa zurfin tsarin tushen - 45-50 cm. A lokaci guda, an zaɓi duk ciyawa. Idan za ta yiwu, an dasa ganye a yankin da aka tsara wa waɗannan furannin a shekarar da ta gabata. Wannan zai inganta tsarin kasar gona da tsoratar da mafi munin abokin gaba na gladioli - wireworm.
Ganyen ganye, kwaro yana lalata tsire-tsire, musamman jariri, yana yada ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da scab da spores na fungi. Abubuwan ƙarancin kwayoyin da ba a zaɓa yayin narkewa suna ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar scab. Kwayar cuta da parasitic fungi zaunar da su, kamar yadda kuma a cikin taki kawo cikin ƙasa.
A cikin kaka, ana gabatar da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium a cikin kasar gona. An lasafta adadin su dangane da sakamakon binciken ƙasa da tsarin zaɓaɓɓen tsire-tsire da aka zaɓa (duba sigar da ta dace). Tunda yana da wuyar yin bincike na ƙasa don farawa na lambu, yana yiwuwa ba tare da lalacewar tsirrai don ƙara nitrophoska da shi ba a cikin girman 30 g a 1 sq. m Chernozem ƙasa a cikin fall na takin mai magani ba za a iya refueled.
Don sauƙaƙe aikin tabbatarwa, an shirya tuddai tare da faɗin 1-1.2 m na tsayin tsaka. Saboda haka a lokacin ban ruwa da ruwa daga gangara ba ya magudana, za a iya edged a kusa da kewaye tare da allon, Slate, filastik, fale-falen dutse. A cikin bazara, sun sake tono ƙasa a kan bayoneti na shebur kuma zaɓi ragowar ciyawar. A karkashin digging, ana amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen, alal misali, urea - 15 g a 1 m.
Corm of daɗi
Ana shirya kayan dasawa
Makonni biyu zuwa uku kafin dasa shuki, an tsabtace corms na Sikeli. Yi wannan a hankali, kamar yadda a ƙarƙashinsu na iya zama ƙananan seedlings waɗanda suke da sauki su rabu. Idan an tsabtace harsashin jaririn, to, a sauƙaƙe shi da yatsunsu biyu, sannan a cire sikeli tare da ƙuguna. Yana da Dole a tsabtace shi, kamar yadda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da keɓar kwari a cikin sikeli. Kari akan haka, akan kararrakin yana da sauki a gano alamun cuta kuma a gurbata kayan dasawa cikin lokaci.
An tsabtace jariri a kan Hauwa na dasa don kar ya bushe. Idan jaririn da ke ƙarƙashin kwasfa ba shi da lafiya, ya bushe, tare da dige baƙi, an watsar da shi. Don hana yaduwar cututtuka, duk kayan shuka da aka lalace sun ƙone.
Ganyen da aka toshe sun bushe har zuwa vernalization kamar dankali. Wannan taron yana ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen fure da ƙarancin tsire-tsire zuwa cututtuka a farkon girma.
Dasa kayan da aka saya a cikin shago ko a kasuwa ana kula da su don cututtuka da kwari. A cikin lambun, yana da kyau kada ku yi amfani da sinadarai don wannan. Yana da kyau yin tsayayya da corms da jariri a cikin jiko na tafarnuwa (250-300g a kowace 10l na ruwa) na tsawon awanni 2.
Tafarnuwa yana aikata abubuwa biyu a kan kwayoyin cuta da kwari iri. An wuce ta cikin nama grinder, zuba 10 lita na ruwa. Dasa kayan yana nutsuwa a sakamakon jiko ba wai kawai dasawa ba, har ma bayan rami. A cikin bazara, an shirya mafita na ƙananan taro (300 g 10 a kowace l), a cikin kaka - mafi girma bayani (500 g da 10 l). Don sarrafawa yayin rami, ana iya ƙara ƙaruwa ta hanyar ɗaukar har kilo 1 na tafarnuwa a kowace lita 10 na ruwa.
Idan babu tafarnuwa, ana kula da kayan dasawa tare da maganin potassiumgangan - daga cututtukan, kalbofosa - daga kwari. A cikin bazara, a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate (1 g na potassium permanganate da 10 l na ruwa), to a cikin maganin karbofos (30 g a kowace l na ruwa) corms da jariri ana kiyaye minti 30. A cikin kaka, ɗauki mafi ƙarfi bayani na potassium permanganate (5-10 g na potassium permanganate da 10 l na ruwa) da kuma sanya shi tsawon minti 30-60.
Maganin karbofos yana da haɗuwa iri ɗaya ne kamar na bazara, kuma ana ajiye abu a ciki na lokaci guda. Bayan kamuwa da cuta kafin dasa shuki, za'a iya bi da kayan tare da haɓaka haɓaka da microelements don haɓaka tushen sauri. Yawancin lokaci amfani da ɗayan magungunan masu zuwa, dangane da lita 10 na ruwa:
- heteroauxin - kwamfutar hannu guda;
- sodium gummat - 1g;
- succinic acid - 2g.
An dasa kayan shuka a cikin maganin mai karfafawa na saurin sa'o'i 10-12.
Maganin microelement don sarrafa kayan abu na iya zama abubuwa da yawa. Don jiƙa corms kafin dasa, yana da kyau a yi amfani da shawarar A. A. N. Gromov (Table 1). Lokacin sarrafa kayan cikin abin da aka bada shawarar shi ne sa'o'i 12-14.
Tebur 1 Allurai na microfertilizer domin maganin corms
| Microfertilizer | Kashi ta 10 l na ruwa, g |
|---|---|
| Boric acid | 3 |
| Kwak man gas | 2 |
| Macijin Sulfate (Bakin Sulfate) | 3 |
| Cobalt nitrate (cobalt na nitrate) | 0,8-1,0 |
| Ammonium molybdate | 1,0-1,5 |
| Zinc Sulphate (Satar Ruwa) | 0,5-0,7 |
Tab. Na 2. Allurar takin zamani game da takin zamani
| Microfertilizer | Kashi ta 10 l na ruwa |
|---|---|
| Karkatar da man gas | 5g |
| Sarkar sulusin | 4g |
| Cobalt nitrate | 1g |
Tebur 2 yana nuna allurai na takin mai magani na T. G. Tamberg don shawarar maganin mafita don yayyafa tubers kafin dasa shuki. Lokacin aiwatarwa - 4 hours.
Marubucin ya fi son yin jiƙa corms da jariri a cikin haɗin haɗin maganin ammonium molybdate (2 g) da jan karfe na karfe (5 g) a cikin ruwa na 10 na awa 2 kafin a dasa, kuma nan da nan su dasa su.
Yaushe kuma yadda za a shuka gladioli?
Dasa yana farawa lokacin da ƙasa a zurfin 10 cm ke warms har zuwa 8-10ºС. A tsakiyar layi, wannan yakan faru ne a ƙarshen Afrilu. Yana da Dole a bayyana wannan gaba, tunda jinkirin dasa yana haifar da asarar ƙasa, wanda zai cutar da ci gaban corms da jinkirta fure.
Ya fi dacewa, da farko, dasa corms da jariri sababbi mai mahimmanci musamman, wanda yana da kyau a hanzarta yaduwa. Ana yin dasa shuki a cikin yashi, wanda a matakin farko na ci gaban shuka zai kare corms, jariri da ƙuruciyarsu mai laushi daga haɗuwa da ƙasa. Don yin wannan, an zuba yashi a cikin ramin da aka haƙa ko rami tare da Layer na 1-2 cm, ƙwayar shuka ko jariri kuma ya dasa yashi sannan kuma ya sake ƙasa a saman.
Don sauƙaƙe kula da tsirrai, corms da tsire-tsire na jariri a cikin layuka tare ko gefen tudun. Matsayin kowane kwafin abubuwan dasa abubuwa a jere kuma nisa tsakanin layuka na iya bambanta dangane da girman corms, ikon iri-iri da kuma ayyukan da magabacin ya shimfida lokacin namo.
Lokacin sanya tsire-tsire, dole ne a la'akari da cewa mafi girman nisa tsakanin tsirrai, mafi kyawun yanayin abinci da ƙarancin kamuwa da cuta daga cututtukan da ke kusa da shuka. Thearancin mafi nisa tsakanin manyan corms a jere shine 15 cm, tsakanin layuka - 20, don yaro - 5 da 15 cm, bi da bi.
Dasa zurfin dasa ya dogara da abun da ya shafi ƙasa da girman corm. Dasa kayan tare da diamita na 4-5 cm (wanda ke ba da shinge na mafi kyawun inganci) ana shuka shi zuwa zurfin 10-12 cm. A kan yashi da ƙwallan chernozem, ana iya ƙara zurfin dasa zuwa 15 cm, a kan yumɓu da ƙasa, rage zuwa 7-9 cm. wannan dole ne a tuna da cewa daskararren ƙwayar cutar corms da ke cikin ƙasa ba ta yin rashin lafiya. Saboda haka, bai kamata a dasa ƙasa da 7 cm ba.
Ba za a yi kuskure ba idan ya dasa shuki a kan zurfin daidai da diamita ukunsa: a bayyane yake cewa ƙaramin ya kamata a dasa mafi kyau, mafi girma zurfi. Corananan corms a lokacin shuka mai zurfi bazai girbe ba saboda rashin isasshen iska. An dasa jariri zuwa zurfin 3-5 cm.
Saukowa na iya zama tare da tudun da ƙasan. A kowane hali, an riga an murƙushe ƙasa da rake. Sannan, sa alama a kan layi na layi, yi tsagi daga zurfin da ake buƙata ko rami a ƙasan ko tare da gefen nesa da aka lasafta don dasa shuki ko jariran.
Kafin dasa shuki, yana da kyau a gabatar da nitrophoska 3-4 cm a ƙasa gindin itacen a kan tushen 1-2 g ga kowane ko wasu kayan shuka. Lokacin dasawa, ana shayar da tsummoki da ramuka da ruwa domin ƙasa ta jika kuma baya ɗaukar danshi daga kayan dasawa.
Dasa corms na gladioli a cikin layuka biyu.
Tambayoyi da amsoshi game da dasa gladioli
Ko zai yiwu shuka gladioli a cikin hunturu?
Don ƙirƙirar tushen tsarin, gladioli buƙatar ƙarancin yanayin zafi (10-15 ° C), haɓakar harba yana aiki a 20-25 ° C. Koyaya, don corms su haɓaka da kyau, adana su na farko a yanayin zafi kusan 3-9 ° C ya zama dole. A wannan lokacin, ba a samar da tushen tushen ba, don haka yanayin zafi ƙasa ba zai jinkirta ci gaban shuka ba.
Tsutsotsi za su iya jurewa ba kawai yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi ba, amma kuma mara kyau na ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma ci gaban su yana jinkirta. Manyan corms sun mutu a kaɗa 2 ° C. Saboda haka, saukowa a ƙarƙashin hunturu mai yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin yankunan kudanci tare da tsari don ƙirƙirar tsarin hunturu mai kama da tsarin ajiya.
Yaron da ke da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan laushi yana da sauƙin jure ƙananan yanayin zafi, wanda za'a iya lura dashi a cikin ruwan sanyi a cikin yankin da ba Chernozem ba. A irin waɗannan halayen, yana iya tsayayya da zazzabi na ɗan min 4 4 C.
Wadancan masu shukar furanni waɗanda ke ba da yanayi a kan rukunin yanar gizon da ke kare ƙasa daga daskarewa, dasa shuki da a lokacin hunturu.
Gladiolus, sa 'Little Fawn'.
Shin zai yuwu a yi girma don gladiolus don Sabuwar Shekara da Maris 8?
Zai yuwu, amma don ci gaban shuka na al'ada a cikin hunturu, ƙarin hasken wuta ya zama dole, kula da wani zazzabi na iska da ƙasa, gumi da musayar iska mai kyau - iska. Duk wannan yana da wahalar samarwa a cikin falo.
A cikin musamman greenhouses sanye take, fure gladioli karɓa a kowane lokaci. Koyaya, tsarin shirya kayan dasawa da yanayin al'adu suna da rikitarwa. Misali, don samun yankan kafin 8 ga Maris, an tono corms da wuri, saboda raguwar da Sabuwar Shekara, ana adana filayen amfanin gona na shekarar bara a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi.
Ma'aikatan Babban Lambun Botanical a Moscow sun haɓaka al'adun haske na gladioli. An buga labaran da ke bayyana hanyoyin su a lokuta daban-daban a cikin jaridar Floriculture.
Yadda za a yi gladioli Bloom ba duka a lokaci daya?
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa:
- dasa a lokaci guda tsutsotsi iri iri tare da lokutan furanni daban-daban;
- dasa a lokaci guda corms guda iri ɗaya;
- dasa a lokaci guda ba daidai ba a cikin girman corms na iri ɗaya iri ɗaya, tun da tsire-tsire daga ƙananan kayan dasa dasawa daga baya fiye da manyan.
Shin zai yiwu a yanka gutsi tare da tsirar biyu?
Corms tare da sprouts guda biyu suna yanke idan suna son yaduwar kowane iri da kuma samun tsire-tsire masu fure. Yanke tsaye, tabbatar da cewa ɓangaren kasan an adana su a kowane ɗayan. Nan da nan bayan aikin, an yayyafa yanki tare da murƙushe mai ƙura ko cike da kore mai haske kuma aka dasa.
Shin zai yuwu a dasa jariri da fashewar harsashi?
Kuna iya shuka irin wannan yarinyar idan ba ta cutar da cututtukan fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ba, wanda za'a iya gani lokacin nazarin tarin fuka.
A lokacin hunturu, corms sun bushe sosai. Me yakamata ayi dasu kafin shiga jirgi?
Kirki mai lafiya ba zai bushe ba. Idan ta yi rauni, ta yi wahala, to, babu shakka, wata cuta ta same ta. Idan an adana turm ɗin a zazzabi mai zafi, zai iya bushewa kaɗan, amma ku kasance cikin koshin lafiya. Irin wannan corms suna soaked tsawon sa'o'i kafin dasa shuki a cikin dumi bayani na shan soda (cokali ɗaya a kowace lita 1 na ruwa). Koyaya, zai fi kyau jiƙa kayan dasa abubuwa a cikin maganin abubuwan da aka gano (duba tebur 2).
Na sayi iri-iri masu ban sha'awa. Yaya za a ninka shi da sauri?
Idan an sayo jariri, to lallai ne ya zama ya ƙara mata girma, wato, shuka da wuri a cikin girki, ƙarƙashin fim ko a cikin kwalaye a gida. Idan akwai corms ɗaya ko sama, to, kafin dasa shuki, an yanke su cikin sassan da yawa don kowane sashi yana da koda ɗaya da ɓangare na gindi.
Shin zai yiwu a dasa jariri a cikin kwasfa ba tare da tsaftace shi ba?
Kuna iya shuka a cikin kwasfa, amma jariri ba zai yi tsawo ba. Don saurin haɓaka, an sa shi a cikin sa'o'i 24 a cikin dumi 0.2% na maganin ƙwaƙwalwar potassium ko 0.1% shan soda kafin dasa. Bayan dasa shuki yara, yana da kyau a shayar da yankin kuma a rufe shi da fim har sai seedlings sun bayyana.
Yadda za a dasa gladioli don kada rikice matasa da tsofaffin corms?
Zai fi kyau dasa jariri da tsintsaye a kan tudu daban-daban. Tsire-tsire daga jariri da aka dasa daban daban sun inganta.
Mawallafi: V. A. Lobaznov "Gladiolus".
