Saboda kyakkyawan adana shi, sabo kabeji ya kasance akan tebur kusan shekara guda. Zabi iri iri da fararen kabeji manya-manya ne: daga farko zuwa makara; da nauyin kabeji daga kilogram 500 zuwa kilo 15. Da yawa daga kabeji: daga sako-sako da ya mai yawa. Gabaɗaya, nau'ikan nau'ikan 343, ciki har da hybrids, ana yin su a cikin ƙasarmu.
Dasa, kulawa da nau'ikan nau'ikan kabeji fari
Ana amfani da nau'ikan farko don Boiled, stewed, sabo: a cikin pies, borscht, salads, da dai sauransu.
A tsakiyar yankin, kabeji girma tare da seedlings. Lokacin girbi don tsaba na farkon kabeji cikakke shine tsakiyar Maris, marigayi ripening shine ƙarshen Maris, tsakiyar ripening shine farkon Mayu.
Don shuka, kyawawa ne don zaɓar haske da ƙasa mai laushi. Zurfin dasa zurfin da yawa santimita, shuka more warai jinkirta da samuwar seedlings. Tsaba da sauri fara girma da haɓaka.
Da farko kuna buƙatar bayyananniya saka idanu danshi ƙasa kuma ba da ruwa idan ya cancanta. A matsayinka na mai mulki, harbe farin kabeji suna bayyana bayan kwana biyar. Lokacin da aka kafa ganye da yawa, ana amfani da kabeji kuma ana tura shi cikin kwantena daban-daban.
Gabaɗaya, kimanin shekarun seedling wanda ya dace da dasa ya kamata ya zama watanni 1.1-1.5. A wannan lokacin, kabeji dole ne har zuwa ganye shida da haɓaka rhizome.
Mafi kyau duka lokacin dasa fararen kabeji seedlings a cikin ƙasa ba chernozem:
- domin marigayi iri - ƙarshen Mayu;
- don nau'ikan farko - ƙarshen watan Afrilu;
- na matsakaici marigayi iri - tsakiyar watan Mayu.
Seedlings an fi shuka a ranar girgije. A matsayinka na mai mulki, an yi nisan nisa na 65-75 cm tsakanin layuka, da kuma 30-45 cm a jere. Yayin dasa, an binne seedlings a cikin ƙasa zuwa farkon ganye. Istasasshen ƙasa yana mulched da peat.
Kula da farin kabeji ya ƙunshi loosening, weeding, shayarwa kuma cire kwaro. An kwance ƙasa tare da zurfin 6-7 cm, kuma zurfin ƙarin loosening yana gudana zuwa 11-14 cm zurfin kwance yana yin la'akari da yanayin ƙasa da yanayin yanayi. Tare da rashin isasshen ruwan sama, ƙasa tana kwance mafi kyau, tare da ruwan sama mai yawa.
Wannan kayan lambu zai amsa gaskiya ma don dutsen. Yawan tuddai zai dogara da girman poker. Hybrids tare da karamin karama suna bukatar a spudded sau ɗaya kawai, tare da babban - sau da yawa. Na farko, da za'ayi sama da ƙasa ne da za'ayi a farkon farkon m girma daga kanti bayan game da wata daya, da kuma gaba - har sai ganye ya hade.
Amma ga zabin farkon fari na kabeji, kuna buƙatar kula da nau'ikan da ke gaba.
Cabbage Maganin Cabbage-F1. Ya dace da amfani bayan watanni 3. Zagaye kayan lambu, nauyin 1.5−2.3 kg. Matsakaicin da ke tsiro da kyau, yana da tsayayya wa fatattaka, mai jigilar kayayyaki, ya dace da yanayin canjin gida kuma yana nuna amfanin gona mai kyau.
Senorita F1. Girbi farin kabeji za'a iya yin shi a cikin watanni uku. Zagayen kai, mai nauyin 1.5−2.1 kg, mai yawa, tare da kyakkyawan tsari a ciki da babban dandano. Wannan nau'ikan yana da tsayayya ga karya kawuna tare da haɓaka aiki.
Gudu F1. Penarancin amfanin gona yana faruwa bayan watanni 2.5. Shugaban zagaye na kabeji, tare da karamin wasan ciki, yana da ingantaccen tsari. Weight 0.5-1.5 kg. Yin tsayayya da halaka. In mun gwada da na lokaci daya ripening da shugabannin kabeji.
Tsakanin farkon nau'in farin kabeji
Don sabon amfani a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, nau'ikan kabeji na farkon suna da kyau kwarai.
Ataman-F1. Lokaci daga dasa shuki shine watanni biyu. Yana da fitowar waje. Shugaban kabeji zagaye yake, akan wani farin fari. Weight 1.2-1.7 kg. Yana dandana kyau. Wannan nau'ikan yana da tsayayya sosai ga Fusarium za. Mafi cinye sabo.
Yarinyar girmamawa F1. Wannan nau'in iri ya cika kwanaki 100-120 bayan samuwar harbewa. Suna zagaye da juna, suna yin nauyin kilogram 1.2-1.7 tare da tsari mai yawa a ciki. Kabeji yana da kyawun yanayin canji ga yanayin damina, amfanin gona mai kyau, ingantaccen dandano, da juriya ga fatattaka.
Tsakanin nau'in farin kabeji
Ana amfani da waɗannan kayan lambu don cin sabo daga Satumba zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba, wanda ya dace da shuka.
Fansa F1. Lokaci daga dasa shuki zuwa girbi kwana 80−95. Kabeji zagaye yake da tsari, yana da fararen launi a yanke. Babban dandano. Tsinkaya ya wuce kilogiram 2.5. Mafi kyau ga sabo amfani. Talauci mai saukin kamuwa zuwa kwari da cututtuka.
Countess-F1. Lokaci daga dasa shuki seedlings zuwa girbi kwanaki 80. Shugaban kabeji zagaye ne kuma karami ne a ciki, mai yawa, mai nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 3.5, tare da dandano mai kyau da gwal, yana da farin launi a kan yanke. A iri ne halin lokaci daya ripening, jure kamuwa da cuta da thrips da fusarium za, ana amfani da shi don aiki da kuma fermentation.
Tsaka-tsakin nau'in farin kabeji
Wannan kabeji yana haɗuwa da ƙwararrun ƙwayoyi, har ma da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu inganci. Saboda yawan adadin sukari da sauran abubuwa, wannan aji daidai ne na sabo mai amfani da kyankyasai.
Gimbiya F1. Daga dasa shuki seedlings don girbi kwana 110−125. Iri-iri na lokaci daya ne a cikin fitsari, da tsayayya wa fatattaka, ana jigilar kaya sosai. Shugaban kabeji karami ne, nauyin kilogram 3.1-3.5, zagaye, tare da kyakkyawan tsari mai yawa. Ana amfani dashi don amfani sabo, fermentation da ajiya na kwanaki 100.
Tebur-F1. Yana farfadowa tsawon kwanaki 110-120 bayan dasa shuki. Shugaban ƙira mai laushi, mai nauyin kilogram 3.6−5.2, tare da tsarin mai yawa. An kwatanta shi da haɓakar amfanin gona na lokaci daya da haɓaka juriya akan fatattaka. A iri-iri ne mai girma ga ɗanɗano da sabo amfani daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba. Wannan nau'in ya fi duk sauran takwarorinsu na cikin gida da na waje ƙarfi a cikin alamar nuna ɗanɗano.
Symphony-F1. Lokaci daga dasa shuki zuwa girbi kwana 125−135. Shugaban kabeji zagaye ne, tare da tsari mai yawa, akan sashin farin. Girman nauyi shine kimanin kilogram 4.1. Ya dandani mai girma. Iri-iri sune mafi tsayayya ga fatattaka, a lokaci guda suna kawo amfanin gona.
Flibustier-F1. Ripens a cikin watanni 4 bayan dasa shuki. Zai fi dacewa da fermentation daga girbi har zuwa ƙarshen ajiya kuma don amfani sabo. Kabeji yana jure wa Fusarium zazzabin da kuma ƙarancin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ingancin marigayi irin farin kabeji
Wannan kabeji yana da mahimmanci ga girbi mai kyau, haka kuma don tsara isowar sababbin kayan lambu a ko'ina cikin lokacin sanyi.
Labaran Ciniki F1. Matures na watanni 4 bayan dasa shuki. Shugaban kabeji zagaye ne mai kyau, matsakaici mai nauyi, mai nauyin kilogram 3.1-3.5. Tana da dandano mai kyau. Filastik iri-iri, tare da ripening na amfanin gona, tsayayya wa Fusarium. Ana iya amfani dashi don amfani sabo, al'adun farawa da adanawa (har Maris).
Guarantor-F1. Daga dasa shuki seedlings zuwa girbi watanni 4. Shugaban kabeji mai nauyin 2.2-3.2 kg, mai yawa, tare da kyakkyawan dandano. A iri-iri ne sosai resistant zuwa da dama cututtuka. Mafi dacewa da shuka daga girbi zuwa ajiya.
Arctic F1. Bunkasar kabeji na faruwa kwanaki 112-120 bayan dasa shuki. Shugaban kabeji karami ne, mai yawa, mai zagaye, yana yin nauyi kilogiram 2.3-3.1, tare da kyakkyawan dandano. A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa da dama cututtuka. Ana iya adanar sabo har zuwa girbi na gaba.
Beaumond Arpo-F1. Lokaci daga dasa shuki seedlings zuwa girbi watanni 4. Farin kabeji zagaye ne a sifa, adalci mai yawa, tare da tsari mai kyau, matsakaici a girma, yayi nauyi kilogiram 3.4-4.1. An nuna shi ta kyakkyawar adanawa har zuwa Maris, juriya ga ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin fata. Babban dandano.
M. Lokacin dasawa zuwa girbi shine watanni 5. Shugaban kabeji zagaye ne, nauyi mai nauyin kilogram 2.3-3,1, mai tsananin gaske, mai dauke da kyawawan alamun dandano. Kabeji yana halin juriya da fatattaka kuma kyakkyawan aminci. Mafi dacewa da adana tsawon lokaci.
Sabbin nau'in farin kabeji
Mazaunan rani yawanci suna da ra'ayin mazan jiya a sayan iri daban-daban, amma a yau akwai su da yawa ingantacciyar hanyar gidawannan zai baka damar tsara kwararar kabeji sabo shekara-shekara.
Koyaya, kowane kamfani na ƙasashen waje yana da nasa hanya, wanda ke ba da damar shirya wannan ragin.
Kuma idan mazaunin rani yana son yin farin kabeji, alal misali, mafi girma, ga hassada mutane, wane nau'in zan kula da su? Kuma menene ake buƙata daga waɗannan nau'ikan?
Dukkanin rikodin don namo farin giram kabeji sun sami nau'ikan Pyshkinskaya. A kan wannan maƙasudi, haɓaka ra'ayi Mosko ya makara-15. Da kuma sauran manyan nau'ikan:
- Taininskaya farin-kai.
- Losinoostrovskaya-8.
- Mosko ya makara-9.
Daga takwarorin Dutch waɗanda za mu iya bambanta:
- F1-Menzania farin-kai.
- F1 Megaton.
Kabeji na Moscow na ƙarshen nauyin zai iya zama kilogiram 27. Amma ya kamata a shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Maris, bayan watanni 2 don girma a cikin greenhouse. Ana shuka 'yan ƙwaya a farkon watan Mayu a cikin ƙasa mai dausayi, ƙirƙirar yankin koto a cikin radius na 1 mita.
Cutar Kabeji da Ruwa
Babban matsalar shekarar bara babban cuta ce ta shugaban kabeji. Iri daban-daban da suke da tsayayya da wannan cuta a cikin tsarin kabeji na gida ba su samu ba tukuna, amma suna wanzu a cikin kasashen waje. Yana da F1-Tequila da F1-Kilaton. Amma bai kamata a ciyar da su wuri guda a jere ba don yanayi biyu.
Ga yankuna na kudanci, babbar matsalar ita ce mummunan kamuwa da cuta farin kabeji a cikin thrips, don haka matsalar ta tashi: bi shugabannin kabeji da ƙwayar kwari mai guba sosai sau 15-20 ko cire hybrids masu tsayayya. A yau ba su kasance ba tukuna, daga F1-Agustaor na waje sun ƙara haƙuri, kuma daga Rasha - F1-Dominant.
Sau da yawa suna sha'awar ko akwai nau'ikan da za a iya girma a yanayin zafi da ruwa kaɗan?
Zaɓin nau'in nau'in zafi mai tsayayya ya daɗe yana ci gaba, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu an ƙwanƙwasa a Cibiyar Bincike ta Krasnomorsk. Daga cikin iri dake tsayayya da zafi Don adanawa na dogon lokaci, nau'ikan fararen kabeji na Rasha suna da kyakkyawan sakamako: F1-Orbit, F1-Quartet, F1-Dominant da kasashen waje: Typhoon, Brosko, Adaft, Agugor.
Ya kamata a sani cewa jure zafin rana da ƙyalli cikakkun alamu ne daban-daban. Babu kabeji mai jure fari. Kuma ko ana buƙata, kamar yadda lalle ba zai zama da daɗi da m ba.
Hatta kabeji mai jure zafi yana buƙatar shayarwa, yayin yayin ban ruwa yawan amfanin ƙasa yafi kyau, sabanin ban ruwa na ruwa. Rashin ruwa, alal misali, tare da tsawan fari zai iya haifar da gaskiyar lamarin ya fita rashin allikuma suna mutu.
Idan ka yanka wannan jujjuyawar, to kuwa yadudduka ganyayyun ganyayyaki masu duhu zasu zama masu iya gani. Wannan ba zai shafi aminci ba, amma kasuwancin ƙasa yana raguwa sosai. Daga cikin marigayi Rashanci na ƙara ƙarfin juriya ga wannan cuta, za mu iya bambance cultivars F1-Dominant da F1-Orion.
A zahiri, ra'ayi na iya tashi don noma kabeji na fari ko Dutch a tsakiyar yankin. Amma tunda an haɓaka su a cikin yanayin gajeren rana, a cikin birni mai nisa, wanda ranar ta fi tsayi, ovary zai sake daga baya. Shugaban kabeji zai iya girma sosai, amma m ciki, tare da elongated karta, wanda zai rage kayan kasuwanci.
Fa'idodi na irin kabeji na gida akan kasashen waje
Kowane irin bambanci yana da fa'idodi da fa'ida, wanda ya dogara da dalilin zaɓin sa. Babban amfani da nau'ikan kasashen waje shine kyakkyawan tsari mai kyau, amma wannan alamar ba ta da alaƙa da yawan aiki kuma ba ta ba da dalilin babban farashin tsaba ba.
Iri-nau'i na nau'ikan hatsi na gida, duk da haka ba uniform bane, amma suna da kyau kwarai ingancin. Wannan yana da mahimmanci: fiye da 80% na kabeji ana cinye shi a cikin hunturu.
Don haka, yadda za a zabi farin kabeji iri-iri don mãkircinku? Da farko dai, gano daga wasu ƙwararrun lambu a cikin maƙwabta waɗanda babu shakka iri-iri suna ba da amfanin gona mai kyau a wani yanki. Yi babban mahimmanci a kansu, kuma saboda gwaji, zaɓi abin da kuke so.
Amma duk da haka, bari ranka ya kasance da jagorancin nau'ikan kabeji da aka yi da Rashawa ko baƙi, waɗanda aka keɓe musamman don wannan tsiri.
