Kamar yadda kuka sani, komai yana hauhawa a farashin, sabili da haka farashin seedlings na strawberries da kuka fi so (ko strawberries, kamar yadda kuke so) suma sunyi tsalle sama da cizon dangi. Amma gadaje na strawberry na fiye da hudu, aƙalla shekaru biyar a wuri guda babu ma'anar kiyayewa, don haka an tilasta masu lambu don zuwa wuraren kiwon lafiya don sababbin shuka. Amma a banza, ana iya shuka shuki ko da sabbin hanyoyin F1 hybrids akan shafin yanar gizonku da hannuwanku, ba wuya. A cikin wannan littafin zamuyi magana game da duk wannan daki-daki.
Gashin gashin baki.
Gashin-baki yaduwa na strawberries - daidai ne
Hanya mafi inganci don haɓaka yankin tsiro na strawberry ko (wanda yafi kyau) don sabunta gaba ɗaya shine yadu dashi tare da gashin baki. Don kayan lambu na strawberry, wannan ya zama abin karɓa, abin takaici ne cewa ba kowane iri ne ke bayar da gashin baki ba, amma har yanzu mafi yawan suna ba da gashin baki (ban da remontans).
A kan aiwatar da girma, strawberries girma 'yar rosettes located a tsawon mai tushe tare da ganye. Yana da kyawawa don zaɓar tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire masu haɓaka mafi kyau, ba tare da lahani ba, kuma don dasa su a cikin sabon wuri a cikin sako-sako, danshi da ƙasa mai gina jiki wanda ba shi da ciyawa kamar yadda zai yiwu. To, a zahiri idanunmu, sabon daji na strawberries zai yi girma, daga abin da zai yuwu ku ɗanɗani berries don kakar mai zuwa.
Fa'idodi na yaduwar ƙwayar Strawberry ta gashin baki
Idan muka kwatanta yaduwar strawberries tare da gashin baki tare da dasa shuki ta hanyar shuka iri da kuma shuka iri, to hanyar farko tana da fa'idodi masu yawa. Tabbas, babu ƙarin shinge da ake buƙata don girma seedlings, kwalaye ko akwatuna, ƙasa, ba kwa buƙatar ciyar da lokaci mai yawa don jiran seedlings ya bayyana, kula da su, tara, dasa a cikin ƙasa kuma a hankali shuka su - duk wannan zai zama yawancin shayarwa.
To, a lõkacin da yaduwa strawberries tare da gashin-baki - kawai ab advantagesbuwan amfãni. Babu shakka dukkanin tsire-tsire suna da tushe cikin kyawawan hannayen hannu, saboda mun raba su da mahaifiyar bushes tare da tushen, wato, suna da 'yanci, a zahiri suna ciyar da hanyoyi biyu ne kawai - ta hanyar tushen da kuma ta hanyar “igiyar igiyar igiyar” ta daji. Bugu da kari, dukkanin haruffan halayyar da ke tattare a cikin tsiron an kiyaye su gaba daya (da bambanci don yaduwa ta hanyar shuka iri), tunda tsarin kwayoyin halitta a cikin mahaifiyar shuka kuma a cikin gashin-baki guda yake.
Akwai ma shaida cewa 'yan lambu waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin yaɗa sabon iri-irin ɗayan itace strawberry ta wannan hanyar suma sun sami nasara gabaɗaya. A wannan yanayin, ana samun zuriyar ciyayi tare da cikakken canja halayen iyaye, amma lokacin shuka iri wannan bazaiyi aiki ba. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin na iya zama ainihin kofe na nau'ikan iyaye, amma, alas, nesa da duk.
Lambun Strawberry an fi yada shi da gashin baki.
Mafi kyawun lokacin don yaduwar strawberries tare da gashin-baki
Yanzu bari muyi magana game da lokacin da ya dace don yaduwar gashin gashin bishiyoyi. Wannan lokacin bazara ne. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a gwada dasa gashin baki daga jikin uwar da shuka su a cikin gona kuma a bar su suyi tushe kafin karshen watan Yuli ko a kalla har zuwa farkon watan Agusta.
Ta wannan hanyar ne tushen tsarin gashin-baki zai yi saurin girma, ciyawar ciyayi zata bunkasa, tsirrai za su fara hayayyafa ta hanyar hunturu, wanda, gaba daya, ba ya zuwa yanzu, strawberries zai zama mai karfi, tare da ingantaccen tsarin tushen. A cikin hunturu, irin wannan strawberry zai sha wahala ko dai gaba ɗaya ko marasa ƙima, wanda yawanci yakan faru da gashin baki, idan mai lambu ya yanke shawarar shuka su.
Bayar da duk abubuwan da ke sama, yi ƙoƙarin tsara lokaci tare da shimfidar kanti akan fure iri da kuka fi so (alal misali, tare da launuka na bakin ciki).
Mun bayyana kyakkyawan zaɓi tare da gashin-baki na biri da kuma yanayin lokaci, amma daga nesa kuma koyaushe ba duk gadaje suke da kyau ba, kuma ba kowane ɗan lambu zai iya samun isasshen ƙwayar mustash a lokacin bazara ba don kafa sabon tsiro ko fadada tsohon a lokacin bazara. , a dace kuma an bayyana ta sharuddan mu. Bayan haka yana halatta a yi in ba haka ba, kuma idan kun yi niyyar raba gashin baki daidai lokacin da ake ciki, to da dadewa kafin farawa, fara shirya shi.
Dama mahaifiyar daji
Don haka, har ma da wani lokaci kafin ku shirya rabuwa da keɓaɓɓun daga wata ciyawar daji, ana iya lura da ita ta ware shi daga duka taro. Duba shi, duba a hankali a cikin waɗancan rosettes daga waɗanda aka sami yawancin mafi girma da guda-sized berries (ta halitta, dadi). Idan haka ta kasance, to me zai hana a ɗaura kintinkiri a cikin wannan daji ko kuma sanya tsintsiya madaidaiciya katun kusa da ita?
Bugu da kari, da yawa daga cikin lambu suna kokarin kashe tsuntsaye biyu da dutse guda, sun sayi tsirrai masu tsada kuma suna yin iyakar kokarinsu don samun berries da mustaches daga gareta (barin a zahiri dukkan mustaches suyi girma, saboda wannan kayan kayan dasa ne masu daraja, sun yi imani), wanda yawanci yakan haifar da corny matsanancin rauni na daji da dogon dawo da shi.
Amma domin tattara strawberries da girma wata al'ada, kuma ba mahaukaci adadin gashin-baki, kana bukatar ka yi haƙuri kawai shekara guda, ba cikin igiyar ciki bushes al'ada takin gargajiya. Abinda yakamata ayi shine ka jinkirta lokacin kiwo zuwa shekara mai zuwa, amma a wannan karon, lura da dazuzzuka, zaka iya tantance wadanda rosettes din zasu bayar da yawan amfanin su.
Na gaba shekara, bar kawai kamar wata antennae a kan shuka, za ka iya samun uku, da kuma cire sauran jinƙai, duk da haka, kamar fure stalks, wannan zai ba da damar shuka don sake juyar da duk makamashi musamman ga samuwar seedlings, da kuma cikakken ci gaba.
Zaɓin da ya dace na uwar daji shine mabuɗin don ingantaccen tsire-tsire na ƙwayar cuta.
Zaɓuɓɓukan yaduwar gashin baki na strawberries a lokacin da bai dace ba
Wannan abu ne sananne cewa isasshen lokaci ya kamata ya wuce daga lokacin dasa shuki strawberry seedlings da kuma ayyukan ci gaban tushen zuwa farkon lokacin hunturu domin tushen ya kasance cikakke kuma ba za su ji tsoron lokacin sanyi ba.
Amma daga nesa koyaushe muna da isasshen lokaci don wannan, sauran damuwa sun fashe, wasu maganganu mafi gaggawa da akan sanya lokacin ƙarshe, me zan yi? Akwai zaɓi ɗaya wanda za'a iya dogara dashi don gyara yanayin - da farko yaduwar tsirowar bishiyoyi a cikin tukwane (amma a wannan yanayin babu wani wuri da za a bar ba tare da tukwane da tukwane) ba, tun da ya girma a farko a cikin ƙasa mai kwance da wadataccen tukunyar tukunya, sannan kuma a dasa shi cikin wurin a daidai lokacin.
Girma gashin-baki a cikin tukunyar strawberries
Sake bugun cikin tukwane kawai da farko hango da wahala, amma a zahiri ma abin nishadi ne. Da farko kuna buƙatar siyan tukwane daga filastik mafi arha tare da rami mai ruwa a ciki (na seedlingsa thenan seedlings), sannan tono a gonar sako-sako da ƙasa mai gina jiki ko kawai ku sayi kilo kilo biyu na humus kuma ku haɗu da shi tare da lambun, sanya shi wani wuri a kusurwar gonar.
Bamu bukatarsa tukuna, bari ya jike a ruwan sama. Da zaran sabuwar kakar ta fara, daga bushesin da muka gada a baya, jin kyauta don share dukkan filayen furen, saboda muna jiran yaran ne a cikin hanyar 'yarta, kuma ba za su ji daɗin berries daga waɗannan bushes yanzu ba. Ka bar guda uku mafi ƙarfi da haɓaka raɗaɗɗa, da ƙarfin hali share sauran: ba za mu sake buƙatar su ba kuma za su ja kansu kawai.
Ka tuna da dabarar - strawberries na umarni na biyu da na uku yawanci suna da rauni sosai fiye da waɗanda ke kusa da dabbobin uwa (daji). Sanin wannan, zaka iya yanke gashin baki a irin wannan hanyar cewa bayan 'yar fari ta farko akwai ragowar abin da ake kira tsari, wato wutsiya, wacce ke da tsawon santimita biyu.
Bayan haka, zaku iya ɗaukar tukwane, ku goge su daga ciki tare da 1% na potassiumgangan (ba ku taɓa sani ba) kuma a hankali cika tare da ƙasar da aka shirya da kuma ajiye a cikin lambun. Af, idan irin wannan ƙasa ba ta dace da ku ba kuma da alama tana da sauƙin sauƙi, to, zaku iya cika tukwane tare da cakuda daban, abinci mai gina jiki da wadatar halitta. Misali, abokaina koyaushe suna amfani da cakuda takin, suna haɗa shi da ɗanɗano da ciyawar lambun daidai gwargwado.
Muna ci gaba, tunda mun zabi tukunya, ana iya dasa bishiyar fita a ciki ba tare da ma raba shi da shuka daga uwar ba. Kawai sanyaya ƙasa a cikin tukunyar, yi zurfi kuma a hankali dasa shuki a cikin akwati, barin seedlingsan seedlings a wuri guda (shine, kusa da shuka). Babban abu anan shine a sha ruwa yau da kullun, ba tare da an shayar da ƙasa ba, amma kuma ba ƙyale shi ya bushe ba. Sabili da haka kowane tukunya da soket, kuna tsammanin yana da wahala? Ba ko kaɗan. Menene ma'ana? Lokacin da aka canza shi, kwasfan yara za su yi kama kawai!
Girma gashin baki a cikin tukwane.
Shirya gadaje don dasa shuki strawberries
Lokacin zabar hanyar da aka saba da yaduwa tare da gashin-baki (ba tare da tukwane ba), ya zama dole don zaɓar rotestes mafi ƙarfi, mafi ƙarfi, haɓaka mai kyau, amma daga waɗanda ba su fara ɗaukar tushe ba (wani lokacin yakan yi rauni, saboda Tushen na iya rauni).
Na gaba, shirya sabon sashi don strawberries ko fadada tsohon kamar yadda kuke so, babban abinda yake shine ƙasa a kanta ta kasance sako-sako, laushi, airy. Da farko dai, sun tono shi har zuwa cikakken bayoneti na shebur tare da cikakken cire ciyawar ciyawa, sannan sai a ƙara 250-300 g na katako a kowace murabba'in mita, peat-acid (guga a kowace murabba'in mitir) da sawdust (guga a kowace murabba'in mitir) sannan a hankali su tono shi da fenti mafi kyawun haɗawa da ƙirƙirar abun da ya fi dacewa. A zahiri, idan gado ya bushe, to, ana iya shayar da shi ta hanyar sanyaya a hankali ba tare da ƙirƙirar fadama ba.
Siffofin dasa shukar strawberry a bude ƙasa
Lokacin da gonar ta shirya, za mu ɗauki ƙanshin almakashi kuma mu yanke gashin baki daga tsire na mahaifiyar don haka asirin itacen mahaifiyar ya kasance tsawon 18-22 cm tsawo, ƙafafun kuma a waje yana kusan santimita ɗaya da rabi. Footafar a nan gaba zata ba da gudummawa ga tushen bushewar gashin baki, kuma tushe zai kare daji daga bushewa.
Don haka kuna buƙatar sanya ƙwayar bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa wanda dunƙule ya kasance a ƙarƙashin abin da ake so, amma igiyar mahaifa ta fado daga ƙasa, sau da yawa waɗannan abubuwa suna rikicewa, amma wannan yana da mahimmanci. Zuciya da kanta ya kamata ya kasance saman farfajiya, ba shi yiwuwa yayyafa zuciya da ƙasa, wannan na iya zama lalata ga shuka. Wataƙila an rubuta mana 'wuri', amma a zahiri, ba shakka, ramin ya tono, ɗan daɗaɗa, kuma an riga an sanya seedling a ciki.
Bayan dasa, ana buƙatar yawan shayarwa, ya kamata a juya gado a zahiri ya zama fadama, don kada komai ya hana Tushen fara haɓaka da wuri-wuri a ƙarƙashin sabon yanayi.
Idan ya yi ruwan sama sosai kuma tushen zai iya ba da haske, to, a saman gado, sai dai ba shakka yana da girma babba, zaku iya shigar da kullun tsofaffin waya mai ƙarfi kuma ku ja fim ɗin, bangarorin don wucewa ta iska da rage zafin jiki za'a iya barin su kyauta.
Yadda za a hanzarta yin tushe kamar yadda zai yiwu?
Ka yi tunanin cewa kafin lokacin hunturu akwai 'yan kankanin lokaci kuma muna buƙatar matsakaicin matsakaici don shirya sabbin tsire-tsire da aka shuka don hunturu. Mun shayar dasu sosai (amma basu cika su ba), har da lambun ma. A saman gado an shimfida shi a hankali har da cewa ko da kananzir ɓawon burodi ba ya kafawa har ma ƙanƙanin ciyayi ba su yi ba (a can ya zama cikakke tsabta).
Kuma, hakika, kayan miya - ba za ku iya yi ba tare da su ba. Yawancin lokaci suna amfani da banal nitroammophoska, suna narkewa cokali na ruwa a guga na ruwa kuma suna shayar da tsirrai, suna ciyar da murabba'in murabba'i akan guga, wannan sutura ce mai kyau wacce take kawai don shuki, tana da nitrogen da take buƙata, phosphorus yana nan, akwai kuma potassium.
Posada a kan gadaje na strawberry gashin-baki.
Shuka bishiyoyi masu dasa bishiyoyi daga tukwane akan gadaje
Amma akwai ciyayi a cikin bishiyoyi sun riga sun farfado, sun yanke tukwane daga tsire-tsire na uwa, yanke gilashin tare da almakashi kuma - a cikin gadaje guda da muka shirya, koyaushe yana barin 20-25 cm tsakanin bushes.
Af, kar ka manta cewa daga tukwane a cikin wani sako-sako da yanayi da substrate iya shirya, wani lokacin kuma quite karfi. Wannan na iya haifar da bayyanar ƙafa, kuma a zahiri ya kamata ya samar da ƙarin asalin sa. Tushen kansu kuma ana iya fallasa shi, saboda a cikin kofuna waɗanda a wannan lokacin ƙila sun riga sun hallara.
Abinda yakamata ayi Ya kamata ku tono karamin rami kafin dasa shuki daga cikin tukunyar, ku zuba shi da ɗan karamin ruwa don kawai sanya dattin, kuma a hankali, amma tabbas matsi da ƙwayayen a ciki, matsi tare da yatsunsu domin a ƙarshen ya bayyana kamar ya girma a baya.
Bayan haka, bayan sati guda, yi tafiya tare da ɗan kwalin kuma a hankali a kwance dukkan tsire-tsire, a ɗan yayyafa shi ƙasa domin babu tushen tsiraici, kuma a wasu wuraren zaku iya yayyafa ƙasa da hannuwanku. Babban abu a wannan yanayin shine ba cika zuciya da ƙasa ba kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin tabbata cewa ƙasa ba ta ma hau kanta ba.
Asiri na Strawberry yaduwa gashin-baki
A ƙarshe, lokacin da kuka riga kuka koya rabuwa da bishiyoyi na strawberry kuma ku dasa su daidai akan shafin, shirya ƙasa don su har ma da shuka mustaches a cikin kwantena filastik, Ina so in bayar da ma'aurata masu mahimmanci daga kanku.
Don haka, idan baku so kuyi yawo ko'ina cikin shafin a kowace shekara don bincika ƙwayar bishiyoyi na daji, to, kawai zaɓi yawancin tsire-tsire tare da berries mafi dadi, daga yanzu cire shinge na fure daga gare su, saboda waɗannan tsire-tsire suna jagorantar dukkanin rundunansu zuwa haɓakar mustaches, kuma don haka yaduwar samfuran da kuke so. Ko ƙirƙirar layi ɗaya na giya na mahaifiya, amma wannan idan kuna buƙatar ƙwayar seedlings da yawa, kuma wannan kasuwancin riga ne mai riba, musamman idan kuna da kyawawan iri.
Kar ka manta cewa mafi kyawun lokacin don musanya gashin-baki na tonon gado akan gado shine kwanakin ƙarshe na zafi na Yuli kuma har zuwa tsakiyar watan Satumba, amma ka tuna: da ka tsawaita lokacin, da ƙarin amfani da tukwane don yin gashin-baki a hanyar da muka bayyana. .
Kada ku yi kusan mafi yawan kuskure mafi yawan yawancin mazauna bazara da kuma masu gida: saboda wasu dalilai da ba a san su ba, sun dakatar da dabarun dabbobin strawberry nan da nan bayan girbi ko bayan dasa shuki a kai. Kadan ne daga cikinsu suka gane cewa wannan shine mafi kyawun lokacin don samar da ciyawar fure da kuma sanya ciyawar gaba - ana buƙatar danshi, kuma gashin baki ba tare da ruwa ba zai bushe ya mutu.
Kuma yanzu zan lissafa nau'ikan nau'ikan strawberry waɗanda ba su ba da gashin-baki ba ko ba su kaɗan - waɗannan sune iri:
- "Baby giwa" (yana ba da gashin baki, amma bai isa ba kuma sun gajera),
- "Ruyan" (ba ya fitar da gashin baki ko kaɗan),
- "Torpedo" (ba za ka iya samun yawancin mustash, duk da cewa zasu kasance),
- Rusich (kuma yana ba da gashin baki kaɗan)
- "Lyubasha" (baya samar da gashin baki),
- "Baron Solemacher" (baya samar da gashin baki),
- "Zolotinka" (baya samar da gashin baki),
- "Kwandon kayan kwalliya" (baya samar da gashin baki),
- "Snow White" (baya samar da gashin baki).
Ba a kafa gashin-baki ba musamman ta hanyar gyaran nau'in strawberry, amma ko kuna buƙatarsa, kuma shin ana buƙatar irin wannan nau'in, Ban sani ba tukuna. Sabili da haka, rubuta ra'ayinku game da wannan a cikin bayanan, kowa zaiyi sha'awar!
