Ryanyan itace daɗaɗɗen fure da aka girma a cikin ɗakinta na lokacin rani babban abin alatu ne ga yawancin mazaunan Siberiya. Amma ba don waɗanda suke tsunduma cikin narkar da ƙoshin zuma ba kuma sun riga sun sami damar jin daɗin duk fa'idodin wannan bishiyar m. A cikin yanayin isowa daga ƙarshen bazara, shi ripens a tsakiyar Yuni, lokacin da raspberries, strawberries, currants kawai ƙulla buds.
Siffofin dasa honeysuckle a Siberiya
'Yan lambu na Skeptika sun daɗe da yin imani cewa dasa shuki a cikin Siberia a cikin gidajen rani wani aiki ne wofi. Hujjojinsu na rantsuwa ita ce, dabbobin da aka shuka da wannan shuka za su mutu a cikin yanayin hunturu mai sanyi kuma ya fi dacewa da wadatuwa da siffofin daji da ke yadu cikin dazuzzukan Siberiya. Da kyau, wani wanda ya yanke shawara ya sami damar kuma ya dasa ruwan zuma daga jerin Siberian a cikin lambun zai iya amincewa da tabbacin cewa wannan bishiyar tana tsayayya da yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri -45-50 kuma ba a lalata ta da tsananin sanyi.
Domin shuka ya sami nasarar haɓakawa da kuma ba da fruita fruitan itace a cikin yanayin yanayin Siberian mai sanyi, yana da mahimmanci don sanin yadda za a shuka ruwan kuɗin zuma daidai, saboda haka yana da sauri:
- Zabi nau'in nau'in zedo da aka tsara musamman don yankin Siberian.
- Don dasa shuki, bushes mai shekaru uku a cikin kwantena, tare da tsarin buɗe tushen, ya fi dacewa. Su ne sau da yawa mafi tsada fiye da na shekara-shekara seedlings, amma mafi m ga yanayin yanayi, kai tushen da sauri bayan jinkirin da zai murna da ku da dadi berries a farkon shekara.
Zabi na gari, lafiyayye, ingantacciyar iri shine ainihin fasaha. Saplings na ƙarfi mai shekaru uku honeysuckle ya kamata da daga uku zuwa hudu na roba rassan har zuwa 40 cm da kyau-branched tushen tsarin tare da manyan gaban kananan haske Tushen a kusa da earthen coma. Kafin sayan, yana da kyau a datse shuka daga tukunyar kuma a duba ƙasa. Idan babu wari mara amfani da m, kuma wani danshi mai danshi yana rike da tushe, to kuwa an shuka irin wannan tsiron da kyau a cikin gandun daji kuma zai dauki tushe da sauri.
- Rami don dasa shuki ne mafi kyawun shiri a cikin bazara kuma an girka tare da takin ma'adinai mai dorewa, sau ɗaya a wata don sheƙa ƙasa. Darin dasa ruwan zuma a cikin wani wuri na dindindin ana bada shawara ne wata daya kafin farkon sanyi. Idan shuka yana da tsarin buɗe tushen, to, zai fi kyau a gudanar da ayyukan dasa a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon lokacin bazara, idan dai yanayin sanyi ne, yanayin damina. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a shayar da bushes a kai a kai kuma a hana saitin 'ya'yan itace.
- Dole ne a sa rami mai saukowa mai zurfi da zurfi (aƙalla 1 mita). A lokacin bazara, sags kadan kuma ya cika da takin da aka sako. Zai dace mu dasa shuki a cikin wannan ƙasa, tunda an riga an cika shi da dukkan abubuwan gina jiki da iskar oxygen (muddin an girgiza ƙasa a kai a kai). Tsarin malalar magudanar ruwa ya fi dacewa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin dutse ko cobblestones.
- Dole ne a sanya daji a cikin rami domin duniya ta tsawanta ƙananan rassan shuka.
- Yayin dasa shuki, an hana shi amfani da takin zamani a karkashin tushen sa.
- Ana shayar da ƙasa a keɓaɓɓen shuka, an shayar da ita sosai. Kamar yadda ciyawa, sawdust, allura, takin, peat, ciyawa mai yanɗun ganye sun fi dacewa. A cikin gandun daji na Siberiya, mossan sphagnum yana girma. Yana da kyau ciyawa domin Berry bushes. A lokacin rani ko damina, ana iya amfani da bambaro, amma a cikin hunturu ya fi kyau maye gurbin shi da rassan Pine.
- Kada ku zagi thickened plantings. Nisan mita daya da rabi tsakanin bushes din zai ba da damar samar da shunin zuma gaba daya ta kuma bada 'ya'ya.
- Zai fi kyau fara fara miya bayan shekara, a cikin ƙananan allurai, bayan ruwa mai nauyi.
Yawancin nau'in honeysuckle a yanki ɗaya na iya ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Bayan dasa, ƙarin kulawa don shaƙar zuma ya ƙunshi weeding da weeds, watering, kamar yadda ƙasa take bushewa, da aikin hanawa. Yana da mahimmanci kar a shayar da takin. Wannan na iya haifar da mutuwar shuka ko mummunan bayyanar da ƙananan ɓangaren gangar jikin.
Asiri na honeysuckle: hanyoyin kulawa da kuma hunturu mai nasara
Kulawar honeysuckle a Siberiya ba ta da bambanci da irin wannan tsari a wani yanki na ƙasar. Shekara guda bayan dasawa, ya kamata a ciyar da bushes ɗin a kai a kai tare da takin gargajiya. Amma tun lokacin rani a wannan yankin gajere, yana da kyau a hanzarta kwararar abubuwan gina jiki zuwa asalinsu. A saboda wannan, ana yin ramuka masu zurfi a cikin kusa-da'irar daji tare da maƙil kuma an samar da mafita tare da microelements a cikin su. Ana amfani da takin na Nitrogen ne kawai a farkon lokacin bazara a cikin adadi kaɗan, tunda tsire-tsire ba zai da lokacin ɗaukar su gaba ɗaya a cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin ciyayi. Yawan maganin ammonium nitrate bai wuce 35 g kowace shuka ba. An gabatar da potassium da superphosphate a cikin bazara da kaka, a cikin adadin 30 g kowace daji.
Honeysuckle tsire-tsire ne mai sauƙi mai sauƙi. Yana da sauri yana ɗaukar tushe a shafin kuma da farin ciki yana ba da fruitsa itsan ta ga mutane. Gardenerswararrun lambu da dadewa sun sami dabarun amfani da wannan tsiron kuma sun koya sirrin honeysuckle, wanda zai sauƙaƙe kulawar da kuma taimakawa ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa:
- Koyi yadda ake shayar da ruwan zuma. Wannan tsire-tsire ba ya yarda da waterlogging na ƙasa ba, amma yana son sha a cikin zafi. Yana da mahimmanci kada a rasa ruwa a lokacin lokutan biyu na lokacin girma na daji: a lokacin fure kuma a farkon taro na 'ya'yan itatuwa. Idan a wannan lokacin shuka yana fuskantar karancin danshi, zai iya rasa 50% na amfanin gona. Don shayar da tsohuwar daji, manyan buffuna uku na ruwa zasu isa. Ya kamata a rarraba shi a hankali kuma a ko'ina cikin yanki na da'irar akwati. Lokacin yin ruwa, ba za ku iya amfani da rijiyoyin ba don hadi. A wannan yanayin, ƙwallon sama na ƙasa da urinary tushen tsarin zai kasance bushe, kuma sun sha wahala mafi yawa daga rashin danshi.
- Honeysuckle wata itaciya ce mai tsayi kuma komai yawan amfani da takin zamani da haɓakar haɓakawa, ba za a sami girma mafi girma na 5-6 cm a shekara a cikin yanayin Siberian. Shuka ya amsa da takin gargajiya kuma idan zai yiwu, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da su. Mullein jiko (wanda aka sanya kawai a cikin bazara) ko droppings kaza yana da amfani mai amfani ga ci gaban harbe matasa da ingancin amfanin gona.
- Yuli-Oktoba shine lokacin da zaku iya dasa honeysuckle zuwa sabon wuri ba tare da damuwa ga shuka ba. Kafin dasawa, ana shayar da ƙasa kewaye da daji, suna jiran danshi don ɗaukar, kuma kawai sai suka fara haƙa da shuka. Yana da Dole a kama a matsayin babban clod na duniya a kusa da asalinsu. Wannan zai ba da damar kula da kudan zuma ta sake ci gaba da sauri.
- Wajibi ne don sarrafa samuwar kambi na honeysuckle. Thin daji da cire tsoffin harbe dole ne su fara a shekara ta uku bayan dasa. Itatuwa masu tsire-tsire masu ƙanƙantar da hankali suna rasa yawan aiki da bayyanar ado. Don cimma mafi kyawun fruiting, yana da daraja gajarta rassan tsiran zuwa cm 20 Yana da mahimmanci cewa an kunna ƙananan ɓangaren harba gwargwadon abin da zai yiwu, tunda an shimfiɗa furanni sosai a wurin.
Bayan 'yan sauki shawarwari na iya, a wasu lokuta, mafi kyawu daga kowane takin zamani da mai karfafawa, da kara yawan' ya'yan itace da kara zuma. Idan babu ƙwarewa wajen ƙirƙirar daji da tsire-tsire, to, kallon bidiyo game da dasa shuki da kula da honeysuckle zai taimaka wajen jimre wa aikin.
Ana shirya ruwan zuma a lokacin hunturu a Siberiya yana da halaye na kansa. Don yin nasarar hunturu yana da matukar muhimmanci:
- Ya datse duk wani ƙaramin ƙaramin tsiro na ƙwanƙwasa a kan kambi ya kuma cire tsofaffin rassan da ba su da lafiya da za su zama tushen kamuwa da cuta;
- ciyawa kusa da da'irar da'irar daji tare da rassan spruce ko Pine, rassan coniferous sune mafi kyawun kariya daga ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da miya mai kyau;
- ƙananan harbe ya kamata a spud tare da ƙasa.
Akwai amsa ɗaya mai sauƙi da tasiri ga wannan tambaya game da yadda ake shirya honeysuckle don hunturu: rigakafin cutar ta dace, kulawar da ta dace ta ƙarfafa rigakafin maganin honeysuckle kuma ta taimaka masa hunturu ba tare da asara da damuwa ba.
Honeysuckle a Siberia: mafi kyawun iri
Idan ka zabi irin nau'in ruwan zuma da ya dace da Siberiya, to, bazara koyaushe zai fara da berry mai dadi da ƙanshi. Lokacin zabar ka yakamata ya jagorance ka da wadannan sharudda kamar:
- babban aiki;
- kyakkyawan lokacin sanyi;
- farkon hali.
Altai da Sinawan zuma na kasar Sin sun cika ka'idodin da aka ƙayyade kuma sun kasance kusancin dangi na nau'ikan nau'ikan kyawawan nau'ikan da aka yanka a yankin Siberian.
Altai honeysuckle yana zaune a duk faɗin Rasha, an rarraba shi sosai a cikin gandun daji na Gabas ta Tsakiya, Siberiya, Urals, Altai. Amfanin yana girma sosai a wurare masu haske, rami kwance. Fruiting na daji yana farawa a farkon Yuni kuma ya ƙare a watan Satumba. The berries suna da halayyar launi mai launin shuɗi da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci. Dangane da Altai honeysuckle, nau'ikan "Berel", "Opal Fire", "Checkmark, Selena", "Sirius" an ƙirƙira su.
An san Kamchatka honeysuckle ta hanyar balagarsa da kuma kyakkyawan kyau, mai daɗin ɗanɗano na 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda ke iya zubar da jini a yayin yin girki. Rage girma na daji da ƙarshen shigowa cikin lokaci shine babban rashi na shuka, amma tsananin zafin hunturu ya ƙwaci masana kimiyya irin su Blue Spindle, Cinderella, Blue Bird, da Illiada bisa tushen sa.
A yau, ana aiwatar da aikin kiwo mai amfani a cikin wannan jagorar, kuma babban burin masana kimiyya shine ƙirƙirar nau'ikan honeysuckle tare da ƙananan matakin 'ya'yan itace zubar, babban yawan amfanin ƙasa da juriya ga yanayin halitta.
